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在地球上最为活跃的海洋透光层体系中,矿物-微生物交互作用的形式十分丰富。系统采集了黄海近海透光层水体样品,测试分析发现其中分布大量悬浮半导体矿物及微生物群落。通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)及配有的EDX能谱仪,从宏观到微区对悬浮颗粒矿物的化学元素组成进行了测试分析,发现其主要矿物组成元素为Si、O、Na、K、Ca、Al等,且含有较高含量的Mn、Fe、Ti等金属元素;通过X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)测试从整体到局部分析悬浮颗粒矿物的物相组成,发现其主要组成矿物为石英、钠长石、方解石、云母和绿泥石等,还有锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿、针铁矿等铁、钛金属氧化物半导体矿物。通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析海水中主要微生物群落为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Planctomycetes、Woeseia、Fluviicola等,并通过构建双室反应体系对海水微生物与悬浮矿物间氧化还原作用及胞外电子传递过程进行了表征,结果显示增加海水悬浮矿物作为电子受体后,体系开路电压由330. 80 mV提升至426. 59 mV,提升比率达130%,最大输出功率由8. 376 9 mW/m^2提升至12. 096 8 mW/m^2,为原体系的1. 44倍。实验研究表明,海水透光层悬浮矿物能有效参与并促进微生物胞外电子传递过程,为后续深入研究基于电子能量传递利用的半导体矿物-微生物协同作用以及元素循环调控机制奠定初步基础。 相似文献
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P.B. Kozelka S. Sañudo-Wilhelmy A.R. Flegal K.W. Bruland 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,44(6):649-658
The speciation of lead at a site in the South San Francisco Bay was determined using a combination of physical size fractionation and electrochemical analyses. The ‘ total dissolvable ’ Pb was 8·1 nM from analysis of an acidified unfiltered sample. The ‘ dissolved ’ Pb was equal to 0·20 nM (41 ng l−1), only 2·5% of the ‘ total dissolvable ’ Pb. The difference yielded the ‘ particulate ’ Pb equal to 7·9 nM (1·6 μg l−1). Results from crossflow ultrafiltration indicated that almost all (0·19 nM) of the dissolved Pb was ‘ in solution ’ [<10K nominal molecular weight (MW)] and that colloidal Pb (10K MW to 0·2 μm)accounted for onlyc. 1% of the dissolved Pb at this station. This small concentration (0·01 nM) of colloidal Pb may be attributed to the low amount of organic carbon associated with colloid size fraction as determined by dissolved organic carbon analyses.The chemical speciation of lead was determined in the dissolved sample and ultrafiltered sub-sample. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on a thin mercury film (TMF) rotating glassy carbon disk electrode (RGCDE) was used to distinguish the kinetically labile inorganic species (Pb′) from the Pb-chelated by organic ligands (PbLi). Lead titration results were similar for both samples revealing that Pb′, PbLiand excess unbound ligands were present primarily in the ultrafiltrate, rather than in the colloidal phase. The titration data can be interpreted as dissolved Pb being influenced by two classes of Pb-binding ligands. In the dissolved sample, the concentration of the stronger class of ligands was [L1]=0·89±0·35 nM, with a conditional stability constant ofKcondL1,Pb′=3±1×1010M−1. The weaker class was [L2]=12·8±1·9 nM, withKcondL1,Pb′=4±1×108 M−1. The presence of these ligands, in excess of the dissolved Pb, resulted in [Pb′]=7±2 pM and [Pb2+]=0·3 pM (62 pg l−1). While less than 2·4% of the ambient Pb was ‘ in solution ’, it existed chiefly in the form of organic complexes with [PbL1]=0·15 nM and [PbL2]=0·03 nM. More significantly, there were large concentrations of unchelated Pb-binding ligands, (Li′), available to buffer the free Pb2+concentration in the event of perturbations in dissolved Pb. 相似文献
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H. Tan D. Feng J.S.J. van Deventer G.C. Lukey 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):153-168
The anodic and cathodic behaviour of pyrite with clay and different carbon coatings of activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter in cyanide medium was investigated using the potentiodynamic method. The presence of clay coating did not change the polarisation curve appearance for either the anodic oxidation of pyrite or the cathodic reduction of oxygen or the potential of the current plateau, but only decreased the plateau current especially at a higher coating thickness. The presence of the carbon coatings marginally shifted the rest potential for pyrite to a more anodic position and slightly changed the polarisation curve appearance for pyrite oxidation. The current density for pyrite oxidation largely increased in the presence of the carbon coatings, the potential at the plateau shifted to more cathodic positions, and the plateau width became smaller. These effects became more noticeable at a higher coating thickness. The activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter coatings performed similarly in affecting pyrite oxidation at a similar thickness. The carbon coatings significantly increased the limiting current densities for oxygen reduction on pyrite, and the limiting current plateau became steeper at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings increased the limiting current density for oxygen reduction to a similar extent at a low coating thickness, but increased to varied extents at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings also greatly increased the cathodic current density for gold reduction on pyrite. The enhancement of pyrite oxidation and oxygen or gold reduction on pyrite by the carbon coatings was likely attributed to the electrochemical interaction between pyrite and the carbon materials with electron-rich surfaces and high conductivity. The presence of the carbon coatings significantly increased the oxidation of pyrite in aerated cyanide solutions and the preg-robbing of pyrite especially at a higher coating thickness. 相似文献
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Min Wang Wei Wang Benlin He Mingliang Sun Yansheng Yin Lan Liu Wuyuan Zou Xuefei Xu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(4):376-380
TiO2 films were formed on metallic titanium substrates by the anodic oxidation method in H2SO4 solution under the 80V D.C.. Phase component and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). Water contact angles on titanium oxide film surface were measured under both dark and sunlight
illumination conditions. Corrosion tests were carried out in seawater under different illumination conditions by electrochemistry
impedance spectrum (EIS) and polarization curves. The result showed that the TiO2 film prepared by the anodic oxidation method was anatase with a uniform structure and without obvious pores or cracks on
its surface. The average water contact angle of the film was 116.4° in dark, in contrast to an angle of 42.7° under the UV
illumination for 2 hours, which demonstrates good hydrophobic property. The anti-corrosion behavior of the TiO2 film was declining with the extended immersion time. Under dark conditions, however, the hydrophobic TiO2 film retarded the water infiltrating into the substrate. The impedance changed slowly and the corrosion current density was
2 orders of magnitude lower than that with the film illuminated by sunlight. All of those mentioned above indicate that the
TiO2 film possesses much better performance under dark condition, and it can be applied as an engineering material under dark
seawater environment. 相似文献
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运用测井信息评价烃源岩自开始以来已取得了长足进步,从定性的分析、识别发展到现在可定量计算地化指标,为克服因取芯不足而在区域范围内进行资源评价的难题创造了有利条件,烃源岩中有机质、粘土矿物是影响其测井响应的两个重要变量,测井对岩石中有机质和粘土矿物的类型、丰度、压实程度及富集状态不同而产生的岩石物理、电化学性质的差异,是利用测井信息识别和评价烃源岩的基础,随着油气勘探形势的严峻,烃源岩的测井研究将向更深层次的方向发展,烃源岩的地球化学特征与测井响应特征对应关系的机理研究、发展利用电化学性质进行烃源岩评价的方法、进行烃源岩的岩石物理实验与测井数值模拟将是今后开展烃源岩测井评价研究的新方向. 相似文献
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针对自然降尘、工业区降尘及人工粉尘进行的物相、成分、表面形貌、元素含量及粒度分析表明,降尘均以石英、方解石、钠长石、绢云母为主要物相成分,SiO2、CaO含量较高,K2O、Na2O含量低。降尘粒度在0.3～5 μm内集中分布,小于2 μm的粉尘比例均超过85%。粉尘颗粒多为无规则的团块状,且颗粒表面粗糙。在模拟人体温度37℃条件下,对比研究了32 h内粉尘在缬氨酸水溶液中的溶出行为和电化学作用。不同性质的粉尘的pH值和电导率变化趋势不尽相同,大体上前4 h前各粉尘样品的pH值、电导率随时间增加上升较快,8 h后反应基本达到平衡。反应前后,溶液pH值改变较小,缬氨酸对粉尘溶解有较大缓冲作用。粉尘中元素K、Ca、Na、Mg的离子溶出总量为31～331 mg/L,其中Ca元素的溶出量最大为15～255 mg/L,其次为元素K、Mg、Na。重金属离子Fe、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ba、Cr、Ni、V的离子溶出总量为3.06～20.60 mg/L,Al、Si离子溶出总量为1.12～22.80 mg/L。粉尘中各元素主要在前8 h溶出较快,各粉尘在中性缬氨酸水溶液中的溶解程度由大到小为: 硅灰石>蛇纹石>海泡石;水泥厂降尘>自然降尘>电厂降尘。CaO含量高的水泥厂降尘和硅灰石人工粉尘溶解程度最大,表明其在中性缬氨酸环境中耐蚀性较差,表现出较低的生物持久性。SiO2含量高的电厂降尘和海泡石人工粉尘溶解程度最小,具有较强耐蚀能力和较高生物持久性。 相似文献