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In river bank filtration, impurities present in the river water travel with the bank filtrate towards the pumping well. During this passage, certain types of impurities, such as turbidity, total coliform, and so forth, may get attenuated; however, it is interesting to note that some of the instant raw river water quality parameters, such as alkalinity and electrical conductivity, increase after the passage of water through the porous medium. This occurs because water, when passing through the soil pores, absorbs many of the solutes that cause an increase in alkalinity and electrical conductivity. Measurements at a river bank filtration site for a year showed that alkalinity of 116–32 mg l?1 in river water increased to 222.4–159.9 mg l?1 in the river bank filtered water. Likewise, the electrical conductivity increased from 280–131 μS cm?1 to 462–409.6 μS cm?1. This study uses a probabilistic approach for investigating the variation of alkalinity and electrical conductivity of source water that varies with the natural logarithm of the concentration of influent water. The probabilistic approach has the potential of being used in simulating the variation of alkalinity and electrical conductivity in river bank filtrate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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我国未来深部大陆科学钻探计划深度为13000 m,温度梯度按3．0℃/100 m计算,井底温度将达到390℃以上,钻井液将面临超高温高压环境,钻井液技术将面临严峻考验。为此,开展了超高温钻井液的预研究,利用抗盐粘土、抗高温降滤失剂、抗高温解絮凝剂、抗高温保护剂等,研制了可用于230℃高温环境的饱和盐水钻井液配方。室内评价试验表明,用该配方配制的耐高温钻井液经230℃、16 h高温滚动老化后,具有良好的流动性能,高温高压失水量（210℃、3．45 MPa）＜35 mL/30 min。 相似文献
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【目的】探索波吉卵囊藻胞外滤液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制机理。【方法】采用Illumina平台,对使用BG11培养基(对照组)和波吉卵囊藻胞外滤液(实验组)培养的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因并进行通路富集分析,并对部分差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证。【结果】与对照组相比,波吉卵囊藻胞外滤液处理后的铜绿微囊藻组中筛选1483个表达差异显著的基因,其中上调表达基因788个,下调表达基因695个。GO功能分析将差异基因划分为35个子类别,包括催化活性、结合、代谢过程、细胞过程、膜、膜部分等。KEGG通路分析中,所有差异基因聚集在108个通路,其中84个差异基因注释在代谢功能类别中,而氧化磷酸化通路富集最显著。氧化磷酸化通路中,相关基因表达以上调为主(26个DEGs,20个上调,6个下调)。qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组测序结果的表达变化趋势一致。【结论】波吉卵囊藻滤液引起铜绿微囊藻氧化磷酸化途径上基因表达上调,ATP合成效率提高。 相似文献
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随着能源消费持续升高,常规资源无法满足日常需求,进行深井钻探显得尤为重要。然而,井底深部高温带来的钻井液粘度增加、流变性变差等问题,致使降粘剂成为不可缺少的钻井液处理剂之一。降粘剂主要通过拆散或阻拦粘土颗粒间形成网架结构,从而达到降低钻井液粘度、改善流变性的目的。结合相关研究文献,综述近十年来国内钻井液降粘剂的研究现状,介绍了3大类降粘剂：合成聚合物类、改性天然材料类、利用工业废料制备降粘剂。针对目前存在的问题,指出未来应从分子结构设计层面研发低成本、环保、适用于高温高盐高密度钻井液的降粘剂,同时注重工业废料的利用,积极与现场应用相结合加快成果转化。近年来,合成聚合物类降粘剂研究量居多、发展最迅速,本文着重介绍了此类降粘剂的发展现状及应用前景。 相似文献
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Algal allelopathy is an ecological/physiological phenomenon that has focused attention on the interactions among algae and the production of algal toxins. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between the dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum micans and diatom genus Skeletonema costatum and between P. micans and dinoflagellate genus Karenia mikimotoi using bi-algal cultures. Because the effects were species-specific and size-dependent, we evaluated the effect of different initial densities. At low densities of P. micans and high densities of S. costatum inoculated into the same medium, the growth of P. micans was weakly restrained, whereas the growth of S. costatum was significantly suppressed. S. costatum and K. mikimotoi were strongly inhibited by P. micans, in both the bi-algal cultures and enriched filtrates. Direct cell-to-cell contact was not necessary to gain a competitive advantage, thus, our results suggest that P. micans inhibited the growth of S. costatum and K. mikimotoi by the release of allelochemical(s). Last, a mathematical model was used to simulate growth and interactions between P. micans and S. costatum and between P. micans and K. mikimotoi in bi-algal cultures. 相似文献
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介绍了利用MATLAB计算软件对液压钻机减速器优化设计的方法,即在保证其总传动比和承载能力下,以其齿轮中心距最小、齿宽最小为多目标,得到合理的液压钻机减速器参数。经优化后的齿轮比原设计目标值减少4．56％,中心距减少5．94％。 相似文献
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苏里格气田西区低阻气层成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏里格气田西区上古生界二叠系的主要含气目的层为盒8段及山1段,而此区域高阻气层与低阻气层共存,运用电阻率难以区分气层与水层,这给测井评价带来很大难度。因此正确认识低阻气层的成因,对准确识别储层中流体类型十分重要。本次研究从沉积背景、储层岩性、储层物性和钻井工程的角度出发,对低阻气层的成因和特点进行了分析,认为粘土矿物分布,泥浆滤液侵入是造成气层低阻的主要因素,而高不动水饱和度是引起该区气层低阻的最主要原因。另外高地层水矿化度,也是造成该区低阻的成因。通过此次研究,其成果可为该区低阻气层的正确识别和评价提供重要依据。 相似文献