2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震InSAR同震形变场特征及发震构造初步探讨     

温少妍  李成龙  李金 《内陆地震》2020,(1):1-9

基于Sentinel-1 SAR升、降影像,利用D-InSAR技术获取新疆伽师M S6.4地震的同震形变场,结果表明,本次地震引起的同震形变场整体呈近椭圆状分布,形变区东西长约66 km,南北宽约40 km,整个形变场由南部隆升区和北部沉降区组成,南部最大隆升量约7 cm,北部最大沉降量约3 cm。本次地震发生在块体俯冲界面处的低倾角逆冲推覆构造带上,隆升和沉降两个中心均位于逆冲推覆体的上盘,形变主要以隆升形变为主,符合低倾角逆断层中强震的变形特征。在沉降区与隆升区之间干涉条纹连续分布,未出现表征地表破裂位置的空间失相关带,表明地震未引起明显的地表破裂。结合震源机制、余震精定位及区域构造特征,初步推断认为伽师地震的发震构造可能为柯坪塔格推覆构造前缘的N倾的柯坪断裂。  相似文献   

硼的地球化学性质及其在俯冲带的循环与成矿初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

林秋婷  陈晨  刘海洋 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):5-12

硼是广泛应用于化工、农业、材料科学及核工业领域的重要元素。硼与氢的核聚变反应是未来具备运用潜力的清洁能源。硼作为典型的亲石元素,是高度不相容元素。硼元素容易富集于蚀变洋壳及蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩中。而在板块俯冲过程中,由于硼具有强的流体活动性,会优先赋存于流体中。因此,当蛇纹石化的大洋岩石圈及覆于其上的沉积物在俯冲过程中发生脱水,这使得弧前地幔楔发生大规模的蛇纹石化。此时大量硼元素很可能随俯冲流体释放并封存于弧前地幔楔中。目前已发现的超大型硼矿床主要位于聚合型板块边缘,尤其土耳其拥有世界上最大的硼酸盐储量。我们推测这些矿床的形成基础条件之一可能与弧前高度蛇纹石化的地幔楔有关。尤其是在洋 陆俯冲环境,弧前蛇纹岩或蛇绿混杂岩首先通过俯冲侵蚀再循环到火山弧岩浆中,使得岩浆更富集硼。随后弧火山喷发大量富硼的火山岩、岩浆热液及水气。在岩浆冷却过程中,硼元素析出、沉淀于火山表面,并伴随风化、侵蚀过程汇聚至碰撞造山带的封闭湖盆之中。此外,干冷的气候条件下也进一步促进了硼的成矿。我国具有形成大型、超大型硼矿的地质条件,应加大研究及探勘力度,并适当购买硼作为战略储备。  相似文献   

扎格罗斯前陆盆地晚中新世快速剥露证据——来自磷灰石(U- Th)/He的约束     

李佳纬  孙继敏  吕丽星  张志亮  田晟辰  曹萌萌  李有生  苏柏 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3674-3688

伊朗扎格罗斯造山带是世界上最年轻的造山带之一，前人对其构造演化历史的研究尚存争议。前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的造山带热史信息，为研究造山带的隆升和剥露历史提供了重要途径。本研究选取位于扎格罗斯前陆盆地前缘中部的Kuh- E Bedush向斜和Kuh- E Murdeh向斜翼部出露的第三纪陆相红层(Agha Jari组)为研究对象，共采集11个粗砂岩样品进行磷灰石(U- Th)/He测试分析。11个样品共得到38个单颗粒年龄，年龄区间为0. 8~79. 9Ma。大部分样品的单颗粒年龄比较分散，表明这些样品没有发生完全热重置。相反，位于Murdeh向斜剖面最底部的样品，(U- Th)/He年龄小于其对应的地层年龄，并且集中分布在8. 3~6. 8Ma，表明该样品发生了完全重置并记录了最后一次剥露事件的时间。因此，我们认为扎格罗斯前陆盆地于晚中新世~7. 5 Ma经历了一期快速剥露事件。此外，我们发现未重置的(U- Th)/He年龄大致分布在四个时间段：晚白垩纪—早古新世、早—中始新世、渐新世、早—中中新世。根据所得热年龄并结合前人研究设定了三种不同的热史，正演模拟结果与实际样品拟合较好，由此推断出前陆中部Agha Jari陆相红层沉积物可能来自于：①晚白垩世以来以蛇绿岩套为主的仰冲体持续剥露；②萨南达季- 锡尔詹变质带(SSZ)渐新世和中新世逐渐加速的剥露；③渐新世末堆积在仰冲体之上的同造山期砾岩，在中新世的大规模逆冲作用下重新剥露。  相似文献   

丹江断裂东段第四纪活动性及地震地质涵义     

雷东宁  乔岳强  胡庆  王秋良  林松  李雪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1362-1375

丹江口地区地震地质因修建丹江水库而得到深入研究，但针对断裂进行的系统性研究较少。通过对丹江断裂东段进行1：1万大比例条带状活动断裂填图，综合采用地质地貌调查、岩样年龄测试、地质钻探、浅层地震勘探等多种手段进行研究，认为：1）丹江断裂东段第四纪以来累积左旋走滑量在250~500 m之间，上更新统地层垂直断距为10~20 m；2）断裂最新活动时代为晚更新世，活动性质以由NE向SW的逆冲为主，兼具有左旋走滑分量；3）断裂活动性由山地向盆地迁移。丹江断裂晚更新世以来活动表明，南襄盆地西缘活动性较强。该认识可为进一步评估丹江口地区乃至南襄盆地西缘的地震构造环境提供依据。  相似文献   

文莱-沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带构造变形特征及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

唐武  赵志刚  张功成  谢晓军  刘世翔  王一博  宋双  王龙  孙瑞  郭佳 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4281-4295

为揭示活动陆缘深水褶皱冲断带的特征及成因，本文利用地震和区域地质资料的综合分析，系统阐述了文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形特征，并结合盆地演化动力学特点，探讨其构造变形机制及其对深水区油气成藏的影响.研究结果表明，文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带具有"垂向分期、平面分段"的特点，垂向上，以中中新统底界面为界可划分为下部（始新世-早中新世）和上部（中中新世-现今）两套逆冲褶皱冲断体系，其中下部逆冲褶皱冲断带的形成与古南海的俯冲作用密切相关，上部逆冲褶皱冲断带是中中新世以来三角洲前缘重力滑动与苏禄海扩张造成的区域挤压应力远程效应共同作用的结果，且苏禄海扩张造成的远程挤压效应主控平面上南北段褶皱冲断带变形的差异性，导致北段褶皱变形强度大于南段，具有背斜褶皱数量多、褶皱间距离短、逆冲断层倾角陡的特点，南段反之；且晚上新世以来北段深水区地层缩短量大于陆架区伸展量，两者之差为2~6 km，而南段两者相当，仅受三角洲前缘重力滑动影响.整个褶皱冲断带发育断弯、断展、断滑褶皱等3种断层相关褶皱以及叠瓦扇和冲起构造2种逆冲构造组合，是多期NW向挤压应力作用下形成的大型逆冲推覆构造，以前展式向盆地扩展.此外，由于中中新世以来逆冲断层的持续活动，研究区深水褶皱冲断带发育众多构造圈闭，油气成藏条件优越，且南段优于北段，靠近陆坡的近端优于远端，可作为勘探部署重点.  相似文献   

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING M_S6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017     

LIU Yun-hua  SHAN Xin-jian  ZHANG Ying-feng  ZHAO De-zheng  QU Chun-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1254-1275

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.  相似文献   

断裂熔融作用中单质铁的形成及其指示的孕震环境     

张蕾  李海兵  孙知明  曹勇  王焕 《岩石学报》2019,35(6):1875-1891

目前缺乏来自于地震断裂带的假玄武玻璃的原始特征研究,制约着我们对地震孕震环境和地震发生机制的认识。本文以龙门山断裂带汶川科钻2号钻孔岩心的碎裂岩及花岗闪长岩为研究对象,通过氩气环境下的高温加热实验(最高温度达1750℃)、显微结构观察、地球化学分析和岩石磁学测试,探讨断裂熔融作用中单质铁的形成及其指示意义。花岗闪长岩和碎裂岩在1100℃时发生部分熔融作用,形成了非晶质和微晶;在≥1300℃时形成了大量单质铁组成的微球粒,可能是含铁矿物发生了以碳物质为还原剂的高温还原反应。高温实验后样品的磁化率值高于碎裂岩的磁化率值,新生成的磁铁矿是≤1100℃的样品高磁化率值的主要原因;熔融作用中形成的单质铁和少量的磁铁矿是≥1300℃样品高磁化率值的重要原因。结合前人对于快速摩擦实验熔体、地幔物质及陨石的研究,我们认为粘土矿物、硅酸盐矿物含量较多的断层泥在同震滑移中因热增压机制很难形成单质铁;而花岗岩、安山岩、辉长岩、闪长岩等岩浆岩和糜棱岩在流体作用弱和硫化物含量低的环境中易在大地震中形成单质铁。龙门山断裂带的假玄武玻璃的熔融温度≥1300℃,硫元素含量较低并发现有过剩铁元素。因此,表明龙门山断裂带的假玄武玻璃中可能形成了单质铁,其和磁铁矿是假玄武玻璃高磁化率值异常的重要原因,并指示了深部流体作用弱、硫化物含量低、还原性的孕震环境。  相似文献   

Basin filling evolution of the central basins of Mallorca since the Pliocene     

Antonio Cap  Celso Garcia 《Basin Research》2019,31(5):948-966

A new compilation of data from 436 drill cores using decompaction and backstripping techniques was used to reconstruct the basin filling history from the Pliocene until the present day in the Palma, Inca and Sa Pobla Basins on the island of Mallorca (Spain). Calcareous rocks dominate the source area and provide a limited amount of clastic input to the basins that has resulted in an average accumulation rate of between 5 and 20 m/Ma during the last 5.3 Ma. Carbonate sediment production dominated the basin filling history during early‐mid Pliocene, but during the Quaternary, the sedimentation processes in the Palma Basin were probably enhanced by an evolution in the drainage network that increased the sediment supply and the accumulated thickness caused by stream capture. However, the maximum sedimentation rate filling the depocentres of the three basins has been decreasing since the Pliocene, showing that not only the catchment transport efficiency but also the relative sea level have been controlling the sediment accumulation in these carbonate basins. The isopach cross‐sections support the idea that a palaeorelief was generated during the Messinian sea level drop and that heterogeneities were filled in from the Pliocene to the Quaternary. We conclude that the central basins of Mallorca were filled heterogeneously due to tectonic and geomorphic processes that controlled sediment transport and production, resulting in different average sedimentation thicknesses that decreased since the Pliocene as the accommodation space became filled and the relative sea level dropped.  相似文献   

冷泉系统甲烷气体渗漏的声学特征及潜在环境效应     

尉建功  吴婷婷  邓希光  于宗泽  王力峰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):133-144

The amount of methane leaked from deep sea cold seeps is enormous and potentially affects the global warming,ocean acidification and global carbon cycle. It is of great significance to study the methane bubble movement and dissolution process in the water column and its output to the atmosphere. Methane bubbles produce strong acoustic impedance in water bodies, and bubble strings released from deep sea cold seeps are called "gas flares"which expressed as flame-like strong backscatter in the water column. We characterized the morphology and movement of methane bubbles released into the water using multibeam water column data at two cold seeps. The result shows that methane at site I reached 920 m water depth without passing through the top of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ, 850 m), while methane bubbles at site II passed through the top of the GHSZ(597 m) and entered the non-GHSZ(above 550 m). By applying two methods on the multibeam data, the bubble rising velocity in the water column at sites I and II were estimated to be 9.6 cm/s and 24 cm/s, respectively. Bubble velocity is positively associated with water depth which is inferred to be resulted from decrease of bubble size during methane ascending in the water. Combined with numerical simulation, we concluded that formation of gas hydrate shells plays an important role in helping methane bubbles entering the upper water bodies, while other factors, including water depth, bubble velocity, initial kinetic energy and bubble size, also influence the bubble residence time in the water and the possibility of methane entering the atmosphere. We estimate that methane gas flux at these two sites is 0.4×10~6–87.6×10~6 mol/a which is extremely small compared to the total amount of methane in the ocean body, however, methane leakage might exert significant impact on the ocean acidification considering the widespread distributed cold seeps. In addition, although methane entering the atmosphere is not observed, further research is still needed to understand its potential impact on increasing methane concentration in the surface seawater and gas-water interface methane exchange rate, which consequently increase the greenhouse effect.  相似文献   

北阿尔金恰什坎萨依沟地区早古生代构造变形特征及构造演化启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴玉  陈正乐  陈柏林  王永  孟令通  孙岳  何江涛  王斌  张文高 《地质力学学报》2019,25(3):301-312

出露在青藏高原北缘的红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带一直以来为深入研究北阿尔金早古生代构造格架及演化提供了宝贵信息。经详细的野外地质填图和构造解析，文章针对红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带内的构造样式、变形特征及形成时限进行研究，将北阿尔金蛇绿混杂岩带进一步细分为北侧混杂单元、中间层序单元和南侧混杂单元三个次级构造单元，南、北两侧混杂单元内以发育一系列复杂褶皱和逆冲断层为典型构造特征。卷入褶皱变形的最年轻地层岩石为中-晚奥陶世硅质岩，并被（416.8±3.7）Ma未变形的正长斑岩脉所截切；卷入逆冲断层的混杂岩中辉长岩和斜长花岗岩年龄为479~521 Ma和512.1~518.5 Ma，随后也被410.7~418.5 Ma未变形的冰沟岩体所侵位。这些基本事实表明，褶皱构造与逆冲断层均形成于中奥陶世-早泥盆世，推测其成因与北阿尔金洋俯冲作用导致的洋壳强烈缩短变形有关。在南侧混杂单元，褶皱构造样式自北向南逐渐由直立褶皱转变为斜歪褶皱，最后转变为倒转褶皱，显示出递进变形特征。褶皱所对应的应变椭球体也发生了旋转，表现出顶端指向北北东向的剪切作用，与混杂单元内逆冲断层所具有的向北北东方向逆冲、推覆特征相一致，从而推测它们与北阿尔金洋南南西向俯冲消减有密切联系。另外，在北侧混杂单元内还发育有同时期向南南东方向逆冲的断层以及轴面倾向北北东的斜歪褶皱，暗示北阿尔金洋在早古生代可能还发育有北北东方向的俯冲极性，整个北阿尔金洋俯冲消减模式可能具有双向性。   相似文献