晚第四纪MIS6以来柴达木盆地成盐作用对冰期气候的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈安东  郑绵平  宋高  王学锋  李洪普  韩光  袁文虎 《地质论评》2020,66(3):611-624

气候是控制柴达木盆地盐类沉积的主要因素之一,但是其作用机制尚待明确。作者以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图盐湖的3个含盐剖面为研究对象,采用多接收电感耦合等离子质谱(MC-ICP-MS)铀系测年测定其沉积时代,并通过X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)分析测定其盐类矿物种类。铀系测年显示D18剖面石盐和芒硝层的沉积时代为13.1±2.0 ka BP～15.9±2.5 ka BP,其中芒硝沉积年代属于末次冰期MIS2晚期;MXK2剖面芒硝层的沉积时代分别为131.7±39.5 ka BP和158.3±10.8 ka BP,D12剖面芒硝层的沉积时代分别为166.6±20.2 ka BP和198.0±20.6 ka BP,可以对应于倒数第二次冰期MIS6。XRD分析确定了3个剖面的盐类矿物主要为芒硝、石盐和石膏。综合多个盐湖晚第四纪成盐数据,本文认为倒数第二次冰期MIS6和末次冰期MIS2是柴达木盆地晚第四纪重要的成盐期,冰期的冷干气候有利于石盐和芒硝等盐类沉积。柴达木盆地"冰期成盐"的根本原因,是由于冰期环境下盆地周边山体冰川规模的扩张以及干冷的冰期气候,共同造成了盐湖补给水量的减少。此外,晚第四纪MIS6和MIS2的冰期降温也是导致盆地中冷相盐类沉积的直接原因。  相似文献   

青藏高原高寒区生物地理学研究进展     

宋艾  杨久成  丁文娜  刘佳 《冰川冻土》2021,43(3):786-797

近年来,随着DNA测序技术的发展,青藏高原及周边地区的生物地理学研究取得重大成果,从生物演化方面着手探讨了青藏高原隆升历史及其气候效应。综合近年来地质学、古生物学与生物地理学研究进展,我们发现高原及周边地区高寒生物类群的起源和分化时间以及多样性演化过程表明早在渐新世青藏高原部分地区就已经存在高寒生态系统,晚中新世以来青藏高原不同组成部分的地貌与气候格局发生重大改变,高寒生物的祖先类群不断迁入正在生长的高原或在高原上就地演化出适应高寒生境的新物种。晚上新世高寒区物种分化速率快速升高,多样性增加,可能是高原巨大山系和水系以及冰川作用造成地理隔离的结果。同时,生物地理学研究发现青藏高原及周边地区的高寒区与北半球高纬度地区存在密切联系,在第四纪冰期期间并未形成覆盖整个青藏高原的大冰盖,高原面上仍存在很多生物避难所。地质学、古生物学与生物地理学等进行的多学科交叉研究对全方位理解青藏高原隆升历史及其气候效应具有重要意义。  相似文献   

白垩纪快速气候变化研究新进展——温室世界中的冰川证据     

陈曦  王成善  黄永建 《现代地质》2011,25(3):409-418

白垩纪被认为是两极无冰的典型温室气候时期,但近年来对于白垩纪存在短暂冰川甚至是极地冰盖的猜想引起了越来越多的关注。根据前人提出的冰川或气候变冷证据,如冰川遗迹、全球海平面快速下降事件以及δ18O正偏事件等,总结了白垩纪可能存在冰川的时期,包括Berriasian-Valanginian之间、Valanginian晚期、Barremiana期、Aptian-Al-bian之交、Albian-Cenomanian之交、Cenomanian中期和末期、Turonian中期、Coniacian中期、Santonian早期、Campa-nian晚期、Campanian-Maastrichtian之交和Maastrichtian末期等。对这些证据的有效性进行详细的讨论,同时也对白垩纪冰川的可能成因进行探讨。笔者认为,白垩纪即便存在冰川,也是小规模、短暂地存在,因此,精确的年代学约束是进行白垩纪冰川研究的前提;米兰科维奇旋回控制下的气候波动是白垩纪形成短暂冰川的可能成因。  相似文献   

Late glacial and holocene landscapes of central Beringia     

Anatoly V. Lozhkin  Patricia Anderson  Wendy R. Eisner  Tatiana B. Solomatkina 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(3):383-392

New palynological and sedimentological data from St. Lawrence Island present a rare view into late-glacial and Holocene environments of the central Bering Land Bridge. The late glaciation was a time of dynamic landscape changes in south-central Beringia, with active thermokarst processes, including the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. The presence of such a wet, unstable substrate, if widespread, probably would have had an adverse impact on food sources and mobility for many of the large mammal populations. The establishment of Betula shrub tundra on the island suggests late-glacial summers that were warmer than present, consistent with regional paleoclimatic interpretations. However, the increasing proximity to the Bering Sea, as postglacial sea levels rose, modified the intensity of warming and prevented the establishment of deciduous forest as found in other areas of Beringia at this time. The mid- to late Holocene is marked by more stable land surfaces and development of Sphagnum and Cyperaceae peat deposits. The accumulation of organic deposits, decline of shrub Betula, and decrease in thermokarst disturbance suggest that conditions were cooler than the previous. A recent decline in peat accumulation at the study sites may relate to local geomorphology, but similar decreases have been noted for other arctic regions.  相似文献   

JYZ11A钻孔记录的居延泽演化历史     

李芳亮  魏海涛  范育新  金明  温丽娟  范天来  李国强  谢海超  陈发虎 《第四纪研究》2015,35(1)

我国内陆干旱区在末次冰期(含深海氧同位素第3阶段)是否存在古大湖近年来持续存在争论.居延泽是黑河的尾闾湖之一,位于我国典型干旱区,是开展这项研究的理想区域.依据居延泽盆地最低处的JYZ11A钻孔(全孔长61.13m,本文侧重上部27m岩芯),使用石英光释光测年获得3个可靠释光年龄并据此建立年代框架.全孔10cm间距测量沉积物粒度,钻孔上部16.7m以2cm间距测量低频磁化率,本文侧重分析JYZ11A钻孔上部10m的指标记录.综合岩性地层、沉积物粒度分布特征和粒度、磁化率指标记录,并与前人已有研究进行对比,本研究发现末次冰期时居延泽盆地主要堆积棕色冲洪积物和风沙沉积物,早全新世为风沙沉积,中全新世出现浅灰色湖相沉积与风沙交替沉积,而稳定湖泊只在约3ka时才逐渐形成,可能存在多次湖面波动并留下古湖岸堤.因此,居延泽盆地在末次冰期包括深海氧同位素第3阶段晚期并不存在稳定大湖.居延泽早全新世干涸、中晚全新世湖泊较稳定发育的全新世成湖模式与季风区湖泊演化模式明显不同,而与许多中亚干旱区的湖泊、风成沉积等古环境记录相似,它们可能共同指示了一种有别于中国季风区的全新世区域湿度演化模式.  相似文献   

How charophytes (Streptophyta,Charales) survive in severe conditions of the permafrost area in Far North-East Asia     

《Limnologica》2020

Eight species of charophytes have been found in the vast area of the ubiquitous permafrost in Far North-East Asia (i.e. the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Magadan Region, and the Chukotka Autonomous Area, Russia): Chara contraria, C. globularis, C. strigosa, C. virgata, Nitella flexilis, N. opaca, N. wahlbergiana and Tolypella canadensis.Charophytes are found in a variety of water bodies and watercourses in areas with various thicknesses of permafrost, within the boreal and subarctic climate zones. Charophyte habitats are mostly associated with the distribution of carbonate rocks. The number of species and their records decrease towards north and east mainly due to shortening of the vegetation period. The highest density of records of charophytes and their most northern records are in river valleys, where the topography and heating effect of the river mitigate the influence of climate and permafrost. This association can be used to model and predict charophyte distribution in periglacial areas during glaciation.Widespread eurytopic species with a flexible life cycle, Chara contraria and C. globularis, are found in valley water bodies due to their ability to withstand environmental variation associated with marked changes in water temperature and flood disturbance. Rare perennial species such as C. strigosa and Tolypella canadensis are represented in deep lakes with less variation in environmental conditions.This paper discusses the distribution, habitat and life history strategies of charophytes that exist in the severe conditions of the permafrost area in Far North-East Asia based on previously published and new data.  相似文献   

新元古代重大地质事件及其与生物演化的耦合关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶云涛  王华建  翟俪娜  周文喜  王晓梅  张水昌  吴朝东 《沉积学报》2017,35(2):203-216

新元古代的地球表层系统经历了超大陆裂解与重组、大规模冰期、古海洋氧化、埃迪卡拉生物群辐射与灭绝、后生动物兴起等一系列重大变革，这些地质事件与生物演化在时空上的耦合关系长期受多学科交叉研究领域的广泛关注。Rodinia超大陆的裂解伴随有超级地幔柱活动、古地磁真极移等复杂响应，裂解过程影响了大气圈和水圈中氧气和二氧化碳的循环，并可能直接导致了新元古代极端的气候条件。构造格局的变动对生物的影响主要体现在物质来源和生存环境的改变上，强上升洋流和强地表径流区域的富营养化促使生物大量繁盛。“雪球地球”期间巨大的选择压力为生物的多样化演变提供了可能，而其后冰川的快速消融则促进了生产力的爆发式增长及多种沉积矿产的形成。与此同时，大气-海洋氧气含量的增加和海水化学结构的改变使得多项元素及同位素指标发生了地质历史上最大幅度的波动，这种特殊的地质背景可能最终对生物演化产生了极为深刻的影响。  相似文献   

Glaciokarst landforms and processes of the southern Dinaric Alps          下载免费PDF全文

Manja Žebre  Uroš Stepišnik 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(11):1493-1505

Glaciokarst is a landscape which combines karst features and hydrology as well as inherited glacial features. It is a result of glaciation upon a karst geomorphological system. The relationship between glaciers and karst is rather poorly known and inadequately recognized. This research focuses on three distinct karst areas along the Adriatic coast in the southern Dinaric Alps that were affected by the Quaternary glaciations. An insight into specific glaciokarst processes and surface features was provided through the study of the areas of the Lov?en, Orjen and Vele? Mountains. A glaciokarst geomorphology is in general well preserved due to the prevailing vertically oriented chemical denudation following de‐glaciation and almost the entire absence of other surface processes. Typical glacial erosional features are combined by a variety of depressions which are the result of a karstic drainage of sub‐glacial waters. The majority of glacial deposits occur as extensive lateral‐terminal moraine complexes, which are often dissected by smaller breach‐lobe moraines on the external side of the ridge. Those moraine complexes are likely to be a product of several glacial events, which is supported by complex depositional structures. According to the type of glacial depositional features, the glaciers in the study areas were likely to have characteristics of moraine‐dammed glaciers. Due to vertical drainage ice‐marginal fluvial processes were unable to evacuate sediment. Fluvial transport between glacial and pro‐glacial systems in karst areas is inefficient. Nevertheless, some sediment from the glacier margin is washed away by the pro‐glacial streams, filling the karst depressions and forming piedmont‐type poljes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Subglacial emplacement of tills and meltwater deposits at the base of overdeepened bedrock troughs          下载免费PDF全文

Marius W. Buechi  Stephan M. Frank  Hans Rudolf Graf  John Menzies  Flavio S. Anselmetti 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):658-685

The sedimentary infills of subglacially eroded bedrock troughs in the Alps are underexplored archives for the timing, extent and character of Pleistocene glaciations but may contain excellent records of the Quaternary landscape evolution over several glacial–interglacial cycles. The onset of sedimentation in these bedrock troughs is often reflected by diamicts and gravels directly overlying bedrock in the deepest basin segments. Subglacial or proglacial depositional environments have been proposed for these coarse‐grained basal units but their characteristics and origin remain controversial. This article presents results from drill cores that recovered a coarse‐grained basal unit in a major buried bedrock‐trough system in the Lower Glatt Valley, northern Switzerland. The excellent core recovery allowed a detailed study combining macroscopic, microscopic and geochemical methods and gives unprecedented insights into the transition from erosion to deposition in overdeepened bedrock troughs. These results show that the basal infill comprises diamicts, interpreted as subglacial tills, separated by thin sorted interbeds, originating from subglacial cavity deposition. The stacking of these units is interpreted to represent repeated switching between a coupled and decoupled ice–bed‐interface indicating an ever‐transforming mosaic of subglacial bed conditions. Decoupling in response to high basal water pressures is probably promoted by the confined subglacial hydraulic conditions resulting from the bedrock acting as aquitards, the narrow reverse sloping outlet and a large catchment area. While stratigraphic and lithological evidence suggests that erosion and the onset of basal sedimentation occurred during the same glaciation, different scenarios for the relative timing of infilling in relation to formation and glaciation of the bedrock trough are discussed. Overlying deltaic and glaciolacustrine sediments suggest deposition during subsequent deglaciation of the bedrock trough. The basal sediment characteristics are in agreement with previous reports in hydrogeological and seismic exploration and suggest the occurrence of similar basal successions in other subglacially overdeepened basins in the Alps and elsewhere.  相似文献   

Subglacial processes from drumlins in Clew Bay,western Ireland          下载免费PDF全文

Jasper Knight 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(2):277-288

Interpretation of subglacial processes and environments can be usefully informed by the stratigraphy and structures of sediments preserved within drumlins, and the down‐ice variability of these sediments. Drumlins in Clew Bay, western Ireland, were formed by westward late Pleistocene ice flow onto the Atlantic shelf, but the depositional processes and environments of these sediments remain uncertain. This study describes and interprets the drumlin stratigraphy and sediment properties and structures from two drumlins on the south side of Clew Bay. Drumlin sediments are dominated by massive to stratified diamicton deposited subglacially by deformation of flows of varying rheology. Folds, shears and clastic dikes within the sediments suggest active subglacial water flow related to variations in ice flow and ice‐bed coupling. The distal ends of the drumlins are dominated by stratified diamicton and gravel units with sandy interbeds. These sediments reflect deposition in a leeside subglacial cavity formed coevally with bedform development. A model is proposed that can account for sediment stratigraphic patterns and drumlin formation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献