首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   40761篇
  免费   9709篇
  国内免费   9359篇
测绘学   2739篇
大气科学   5339篇
地球物理   6266篇
地质学   24284篇
海洋学   11222篇
天文学   431篇
综合类   3050篇
自然地理   6498篇
  2024年   72篇
  2023年   680篇
  2022年   1768篇
  2021年   1926篇
  2020年   2003篇
  2019年   1903篇
  2018年   1691篇
  2017年   1785篇
  2016年   1816篇
  2015年   2024篇
  2014年   2765篇
  2013年   2715篇
  2012年   2843篇
  2011年   2850篇
  2010年   2364篇
  2009年   2717篇
  2008年   2564篇
  2007年   2905篇
  2006年   2771篇
  2005年   2449篇
  2004年   2345篇
  2003年   2040篇
  2002年   1783篇
  2001年   1574篇
  2000年   1472篇
  1999年   1364篇
  1998年   1096篇
  1997年   1053篇
  1996年   857篇
  1995年   729篇
  1994年   646篇
  1993年   512篇
  1992年   453篇
  1991年   336篇
  1990年   234篇
  1989年   182篇
  1988年   129篇
  1987年   90篇
  1986年   68篇
  1985年   63篇
  1984年   37篇
  1983年   39篇
  1982年   40篇
  1981年   24篇
  1980年   8篇
  1979年   9篇
  1978年   14篇
  1977年   4篇
  1976年   4篇
  1954年   8篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
The 20 km2 Galabre catchment belongs to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR; Gaillardet et al., Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17(1), 1–24). It is representative of the sedimentary lithology and meteorological forcing found in Mediterranean and mountainous areas. Due to the presence of highly erodible and sloping badlands on various lithologies, the site was instrumented in 2007 to understand the dynamics of suspended sediments (SS) in such areas. Two meteorological stations including measurements of air temperature, wind speed and direction, air moisture, rainfall intensity, raindrop size and velocity distribution were installed both in the upper and lower part of the catchment. At the catchment outlet, a gauging station records the water level, temperature and turbidity (10 min time-step). Stream water samples are collected automatically to estimate SS concentration-turbidity relationships, allowing quantification of SS fluxes with known uncertainty. The sediment samples are further characterized by measuring their particle size distributions and by applying a low-cost sediment fingerprinting approach using spectrocolorimetric tracers. Thus, the contributions of badlands located on different lithologies to total SS flux are quantified at a high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to better analyse the links between meteorological forcing variability and watershed hydrosedimentary response. The set of measurements was extended to the dissolved phase in 2017. Both stream water electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations are measured each week and every 3 h during storm events. This extension of measurements to the dissolved phase will allow progress in understanding both the origin of the water during the events and the partitioning between particulate and dissolved fluxes of solutes in the critical zone. All data sets are available at https://doi.osug.fr/public/DRAIXBLEONE_GAL/index.html .  相似文献   
2.
疫灾是人类灾害链网中的顶级灾害。利用历史疫灾史料,建立疫灾时间序列,使用历史断面分析、因子相关分析、时间序列分析等方法,对中国过去2720年疫灾流行的时空特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:① 中国疫灾流行的频度和强度有长期上升趋势,温暖期形成疫灾低谷,寒冷期形成疫灾高峰。② 中国疫灾流行总体以夏、秋季为主,但有阶段性差异,15世纪50年代以后,由于疫病种类增多,疫灾频度提高,疫灾的季节性差异逐渐不显著。③ 中国疫灾波动周期主要有620~610 a、320~310 a、230~220 a、170 a、90 a等,它们大都是12 a或11.2 a的倍数,反映了“十二地支”周期的存在和太阳黑子活动对疫灾周期的重大影响。④ 过去近3000年里,中国累积的疫灾广泛度为93.51%,疫灾厚度达16.86层,东南半壁的疫灾比西北半壁的频繁得多、严重得多。⑤ 中国疫灾区域拓展与土地开发同步,疫灾重心变迁受经济重心的牵引,南宋以前由北向南迁移,南宋以后由东向西迁移;外来疫病输入对疫灾分布格局产生重大影响。⑥ 疫灾流行既是自然生态现象,也是社会文化现象,疫灾时空分布变迁反映人地关系变迁,人口稠密区、交通沿线区、都城周边区、自然疫源区、灾害频发区都是疫灾多发区。⑦ 地理环境分异奠定疫灾空间分异,高温、高湿、低海拔地区疫灾易于流行;自然灾害对疫灾具有诱发作用,灾害频繁区也是疫灾频发区,灾害频繁期也是疫灾频繁期;气候变迁影响疫灾波动,寒冷期疫灾多发,温暖期疫灾少发;人口增加带来的土地开发和人地关系紧张,加剧疫灾的流行;疫灾与战争如影随形,战乱频繁期也是疫灾频繁期。  相似文献   
3.
陈莹  赵辉 《海洋学研究》2021,39(3):84-94
本文使用2003年1月—2019年12月MODIS遥感数据,结合海表温度、风速分析南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度分布特征和影响因素。结果显示南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度分布存在时空变化。EOF分解表明,EOF1可能反映台风等极端天气对叶绿素的影响;而EOF2 和EOF3均反映了夏季沿岸上升流对叶绿素分布的影响。相关分析表明南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度与海面风场呈正相关(r=0.87,p<0.01),与海表温度呈负相关(r=-0.59,p<0.05)。夏季在西南季风影响下越南东南沿海形成上升流,导致该区浮游植物旺发、叶绿素质量浓度升高;冬季受强东北季风影响,研究区海洋上层混合作用强烈,营养盐供应增加,促进了浮游植物生长,叶绿素质量浓度高于其他季节。  相似文献   
4.
根据2016年3月和9月南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物垂直分层采样, 比较浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量的垂直分布和季节变化, 探讨影响其差异的原因。文中共鉴定浮游动物225种, 其中3月和9月分别出现150种和169种; 桡足类种数达132种, 其次是毛颚类和管水母类, 各18种; 浮游动物种数在50~100m水层最高, 一般随水深增加而减少。浮游动物丰度和生物量主要集中在0~100m, 二者在100m以深水层随深度增加而降低, 而水柱生物量在100~1000m占总水柱生物量的60%以上。浮游动物优势种季节和垂直变化明显, 3月近海种如普通波水蚤(Undinula vulgaris)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)等在100m以上水层丰度较高; 9月外海种如达氏筛哲水蚤(Cosmocalanus darwinii)和黄角光水蚤(Lucicutia flavicornis)等在100m以浅水层相对于3月丰度增加; 隆线似哲水蚤(Calanoides carinatus)在3月丰度和平均体长高于9月, 并且体长较大者主要分布在深层。浮游动物可分0~100m、100~400m和400~1000m三个群落, 因不同水层种类组成和丰度差异引起。浮游动物丰度和生物量的垂直变化与温度、叶绿素a质量浓度等因子呈显著正相关。南海东北部陆坡浮游动物季节和垂直变化受季风、沿岸流和中尺度涡的影响。  相似文献   
5.
Houfangzi graphite deposit is located in the middle of the graphite metallogenic belt in the northern margin of North China Block in Hebei Province, which belongs to regional metamorphic type graphite deposit. In this paper, through rock-mineral determination, IP ladder sections and exploratory trench survey, the authors have discussed its metallogenic geological characteristics and ore body characteristics, and analyzed its ore genesis. The research results show that the ore bodies are mainly in the graphitic marble of Dongjingzi Formation of Hongqiyingzi Group, which are stratified and controlled by layers, with NE trend and NNW inclination. The IP anomaly shows that Houfangzi graphite deposit is characterized by low resistance and high polarization. Ore bodies are stable and of big scale, and their fixed carbon content ranges from 1.42% to 3.28%, which has the potential to be a large graphite deposit. The ore-forming material came from granulite and graphite marble, while the regional metamorphism is the main mineralization of Houfangzi graphite deposit, with the enrichment and increasement caused by late magmatic activity and migmatization.  相似文献   
6.
三江源地区美丽中国建设存在的问题、成功案例与启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨建平  康韵婕  唐凡  秦彧 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1551-1559
长江、黄河与澜沧江源区(简称三江源区)是中华与亚洲“水塔”,是我国重要的生态安全屏障与水安全保障,是三大河流域经济带的共有源地,稳藏固疆的战略要地,美丽中国建设的战略高地。掌握该地区美丽中国建设进程,发现存在的问题,及时总结典型成功案例,有助于更好建设美丽高原,服务生态文明建设与社会经济高质量发展的全国战略部署。就建设内容与进程看,目前三江源区整体仍处于物质建设阶段,除畜牧业外,缺乏其他产业,忽视文化建设,美丽缺少内涵、不可持续;就建设成效而言,美丽乡村与美丽城镇工程建设成绩显著,但配套设施严重滞后,以及游牧文化与聚落文化的冲突,美丽仍流于形式;尽管存在这些问题,但亦涌现了若干成功案例,“岗龙模式”和“甘达模式”尤为典型,为三江源其他地区美丽中国建设提供了样板与发展启示:(1)找准优势资源,最大化资源潜力、实现经济“美”是高原美丽中国建设成功的物质基础;(2)领导人/团队/致富带头人是高原美丽中国建设成功的关键核心;(3)产业与因地制宜的运作机制是高原美丽中国建设可持续的强大支撑与必由之路;(4)不断探索永远走在发展路上是美丽中国建设成功的坚实动力。  相似文献   
7.
Zhejiang Province, located in the Yangtze River Delta region, is representative of China's economically developed areas. It enjoys superior natural conditions and a long history of agriculture, and is a comprehensive agricultural area with integrated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. It has nurtured the farming culture represented by Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture, which have given rise to numerous precious Agricultural Heritage Systems. At present, Zhejiang Province has three of the world’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and 12 China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), so it not only has the largest number of heritages in China, but it has also attained remarkable achievements in heritage conservation. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example in combination with the rural revitalization strategy, this paper summarizes the achievements in the protection of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) in Zhejiang Province during the past 15 years from the aspects of increasing farmers’ income, cultural Inheritance and industrial upgrading, as well as the conservation experiences in government promotion, community initiative, enterprise participation, technology driving and social linkage. Further, in view of the problems that exist in the current heritage protection,such as imperfect management of heritage sites, low participation of community residents, lack of special protection funds, and imperfect provincial management system,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Improve the management mechanism for the conservation and development of Agricultural Heritage Systems; (2) Develop regional public branding of agricultural products in Agricultural Heritage System sites; (3) Increase the Agricultural Heritage System science education as well as cultural and creative product development; (4) Carry out the evaluation and recognition of IAHS at the provincial level; and (5) Provide substantial support and input to the conservation and utilization of IAHS. This study can provide some guidance for the conservation of IAHS in Zhejiang Province and it provides important reference for IAHS in the economically developed areas in China.  相似文献   
8.
邵晨晨 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):102-108
上海某国际金融大厦深大基坑项目北侧紧邻运营轨道交通8号线区间隧道,最近处仅7.87 m,南侧与现有世博共同管沟净距2.0~3.0 m,基坑变形控制要求高,周边环境敏感。同时,本项目位于黄浦江畔,场地浅层为典型的淤泥质软土地层,下部为富含承压水粉(砂)土层,且微承压水层与第一、第二承压水层互为连通,止水帷幕无法隔断承压水层,地质条件复杂。设计采用分坑施工、被动区加固、预应力伺服钢支撑系统、抽灌一体化降水方案、超深地下连续墙、跟踪注浆、型钢垫层等技术方案。实测结果表明,区间隧道的最大变形6.52 mm,共同管沟的最大变形15.3 mm,其最大变形均满足变形控制要求,确保了运营区间隧道和共同管沟的安全。  相似文献   
9.
The source and hydrochemical makeup of a stream reflects the connectivity between rainfall, groundwater, the stream, and is reflected to water quantity and quality of the catchment. However, in a semi-arid, thick, loess covered catchment, temporal variation of stream source and event associated behaviours are lesser known. Thus, the isotopic and chemical hydrographs in a widely distributed, deep loess, semi-arid catchment of the northern Chinese Loess Plateau were characterized to determine the source and hydrochemical behaviours of the stream during intra-rainfall events. Rainfall and streamflow were sampled during six hydrologic events coupled with measurements of stream baseflow and groundwater. The deuterium isotope (2H), major ions (Cl, SO42−, NO3, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+) were evaluated in water samples obtained during rainfall events. Temporal variation of 2H and Cl measured in the groundwater and stream baseflow prior to rainfall was similar; however, the isotope compositions of the streamflow fluctuated significantly and responded quickly to rainfall events, likely due to an infiltration excess, overland dominated surface runoff during torrential rainfall events. Time source separation using 2H demonstrated greater than 72% on average, the stream composition was event water during torrential rainfall events, with the proportion increasing with rainfall intensity. Solutes concentrations in the stream had loglinear relationships with stream discharge, with an outling anomaly with an example of an intra-rainfall event on Oct. 24, 2015. Stream Cl behaved nonconservative during rainfall events, temporal variation of Cl indicated a flush and washout at the onset of small rainfall events, a dilution but still high concentration pattern in high discharge and old water dominated in regression flow period. This study indicates rainfall intensity affects runoff responses in a semi-arid catchment, and the stored water in the thick, loess covered areas was less connected with stream runoff. Solute transport may threaten water quality in the area, requiring further analysis of the performance of the eco-restoration project.  相似文献   
10.
碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术作为缓解全球气候变暖、减少CO2排放的有效路径之一,其潜力评估至关重要。目前CCS技术主要包括CO2强化石油(天然气)开采封存技术、CO2驱替煤层气封存技术以及咸水层CO2封存技术3类。各类封存技术利用了不同的封存机制,其潜力评估方法也略有差别。油气藏封存和咸水层封存主要利用了构造圈闭储存、束缚空间储存、溶解储存、矿化储存等封存机制,煤层气封存主要利用了吸附封存机制。国内外学者和机构针对各类封存技术提出了相应的计算方法,依据其计算原理可归纳为4类: 物质平衡封存量计算法、有效容积封存量计算法、溶解机制封存量计算法以及考虑多种捕获机制的综合封存量计算法。通过对各类经典方法及其计算原理进行综述,剖析潜力封存量计算方法的内涵原理和应用场景,分析了CO2地质封存潜力评价方法在实际应用中面临的问题,有助于提升我国的CCS潜力评价质量。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号