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Huiwen HSIAO Susanne M. Ullrich Trevor W. Tanton 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):233-233
This research aims to establish the risks of hurnan exposure to modeling approach. The study site was located on the River Nura 1990s, an acetaldehyde production plant located in the industrial high environmental mercury levels, based on a quantitative risk in central Kazakhstan. From the 1950s until its closure in the mid city of Temirtau released mercury-containing wastewater into the river. River sediments are highly contaminated with mercury up to a distance of 25 km and beyond. In addition, a local power station released an estimated 6 million tonnes of fly-ash into the water and the mercury has become quite tightly associated with the ash deposits. River water, fish and agricultural land in the floodplain are also contaminated with mercury, yet the risks posed to the local population have not been evaluated to date. In June and July 2005, we took samples of soil, interior and exterior dust, drinking water, and food from individual households, communal areas and markets. Additionally, water and sediment samples and fish were taken from the river. Interviews were conducted with householders to establish their age and body weight, general living conditions and sources of irrigation and drinking water. A food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was designed to investigate the frequencies of consumption of several common regional food items, including fish from the fiver and/or local market. Human hair samples were also collected to estimate the mercury bioburden and to enable the validity of the modeling approach to be established. The paper expands on the main pathways of contamination and looks at linkages between exposure pathways and mercury concentrations found in human hair. Uncertainties inherent in risk analysis as well as their influence on the relative importance of different exposure routes are also discussed. 相似文献
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Mitrovica, northern Kosovo, is the site of some of the highest Pb concentrations reported in human populations; exemplified by Pb concentrations in scalp hair of up to 130 μg g−1 and widely-publicized of Pb-related ill-health and mortality amongst internally displaced populations. High human Pb burdens are accompanied by elevated concentrations of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in soils and house dust within the city, which has a long history of mining and metallurgy. In this study enrichment-levels for PHEs in soils are quantified and compared to environmental quality guidelines and a statistically-derived estimation of background concentration. In addition, Pb isotopes (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) are used to characterise the isotopic signatures of potential point sources of Pb and a mixing model employed to quantify the contribution of sources to Pb present in soils, house dust, and the scalp hair of children and young people. Pb isotopic evidence suggests that Pb in surface soils and house-dust is predominantly sourced from historical deposition of Pb-containing aerosols from metal smelting, with lower contributions from wind-blown dispersal of metalliferous waste. Pb present in scalp hair is interpreted as the result of non-occupational exposure and the ingestion and/or inhalation of Pb-enriched surface soil and house dust. This study represents one of the very few instances where this type of geochemical tracing technique has been successfully applied to definitively identify the source of Pb present within biological samples. The results of this study are of particular relevance to environmental management and highlight the human health risk posed by the legacy of now inactive mining and metallurgy in addition to the challenge posed in mitigating the risk posed by diffuse soil pollution. 相似文献
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某金矿污染区人群头发重金属累积及其变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿业活动区环境重金属污染对人群健康的危害是人们关注的重大环境问题。以2009年某金矿区水土环境重金属污染区内的A村村民头发为研究对象,同时以环境相对清洁的B村人群头发中重金属含量为对比值。研究结果表明,污染区不同年龄段人群头发中的重金属平均含量具有一定的统计学意义,不同性别、不同年龄段人群头发中,Hg、Pb、Cd平均含量分别是对照区人发中的7.81倍、6.75倍和4.20倍。总体而言,污染区人发中重金属含量仍在持续累积。人发中高含量的重金属与人体健康存在较好的相关性,金矿区环境污染对人群健康危害严重。 相似文献
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Mineshi Sakamoto Xinbin FENG Ping LI Guangle QIU Hongmei JIANG Minoru Yoshida Toyoto Iwata Xiaojie LIU Katsuyuki Murata 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):42-43
Objectives： To assess the exposure to elemental mercury （Hg0） vapor and methylmercury （MeHg） among mercury mine workers in an area of Guizhou Province, China. Methods： Urine total mercury （THg） and hair THg and MeHg were measured in 26 mercury miners and smelters （i.e., exposed group）, and 52 control subjects （unexposed group）. Results： The mine workers showed high geometric mean THg concentrations in urine （258 ng/mL, 226 μg/g creatinine） and hair （20.0 μg/g）. The urine Hg level of smelters, in particular, was extremely high （338 μg/g creatinine in urine）. The highest urine THg reached 4580 μg/g creatinine. THg concentrations in urine and hair showed a significant correlation in the exposed group （r=0.62）, indicating the adhesion of HgO vapor to hair. However, no such significant correlation was found in the control group. 相似文献
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Susanne M. Ullrich Huiwen HSIAO 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):238-239
The River Nura in central Kazakhstan has been heavily contaminated by mercury （Hg） from an acetaldehyde plant located in the industrial city of Temirtau. The plant released Hg-containing wastewater into the river from the 1950s until the mid 1990s and strongly contaminated the bed sediments up to 25 km downstream. In addition, a local power station released an estimated 6 million tonnes of fly-ash into the water which has adsorbed much of the Hg and has become mixed with the natural sediments. River water,fish and agricultural land in the floodplain are also contaminated by Hg. Humans are exposed to Hg primarily via the consumption of contaminated fish from the river. A survey was undertaken in June/July 2005 to investigate Hg concentrations in river water, drinking water, sediments and fish. To estimate the risk posed to the local population, approximately 300 hair samples were collected from people living in villages near the most contaminated section of the river, at a distance of between 5 and 30 km downstream of the acetaldehyde plant, and their dietary habits were recorded. Mercury concentrations in river water ranged from 2-3 ng/L upstream of the source of the pollution to 348 ng/L downstream of the factory outfall pipe. Some drinking water wells close to the river were contaminated, but deeper wells had Hg concentrations below the detection limit. 相似文献
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中国人发砷背景值及其区域分布特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文作者在全国不同自然地理类型区选择１００余县近２００个采样点，采样点在远离城镇的非污染地区，采集当地居民发样１３１３份，用氢化物原子荧光法测定砷含量。测定数据进行计算机统计，结果表明，中国人发中砷含量在０．００４－９．９９９μｇ／ｇ之间，中位值为０．５６μｇ／ｇ，算术平均值为０．９２７±１．２１３μｇ／ｇ，几何平均值为０．５７１μｇ／ｇ。性别和年龄差别不明显。皮尔逊（Ｐｅｌｓｏｎ）ｘ２法和Ｗ检验法检验结果表明，在同一自然地理区，人发砷含量呈对数正态分布。中国人发砷的地理分布呈南方高，北方低，自北而南逐渐递增的规律。人发砷的几何均值在北方中温带地区为０．２－０．４μｇ／ｇ之间，到暖温带升高到０．４－０．６μｇ／ｇ，至北亚热带则达到０．７６７μｇ／ｇ，而到中亚热带以南则高达１μｇ／ｇ以上。在同一自然地理带内，东西间差异不明显，青藏地区亦属发砷低含量区（几何均值０．２６７μｇ／ｇ）。并依此对我国划分慢性砷中毒区的人发指标进行了讨论。 相似文献
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