基于时相变化的晴空条件下Himawari-8 AHI火点检测     

鄢俊洁  瞿建华  冉茂农  张芳芳 《遥感学报》2020,24(5):571-577

Himawari-8静止气象卫星具有高空间分辨率、高观测频次和高时效特点,对于火点检测具有很强优势。对Himawari-8卫星的3.9μm和11.2μm两通道亮温进行了连续时相变化研究,得出两通道的亮温在时间上的变化差值稳定且规律明显。根据两通道的亮温时相特征,考虑白天可见光对3.9μm通道的影响,并结合火点产生时引起的亮温变化特征,提出了适用于晴空条件下改进的火点检测算法。在多处进行了此算法的实验,例如2018-11-27 T 16:40(UTC时)河北张家口市桥东区一化工厂附近发生的严重爆炸起火事件以及2019-02-28澳大利亚西南部发生的火灾事件,均快速有效的检测到了火点。实验表明,改进的火点检测算法能很好的进行火点检测,并能解决晨昏交界、冰雪下垫面、常规火源点、太阳耀光等火点检测的难题。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对风沙土和黄绵土膨胀特性的影响     

王国鹏  肖波  李胜龙  姚小萌  孙福海 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):97-104

作为重要的土壤物理性质，膨胀性在影响土壤导水性、持水性、抗蚀性以及土壤结构的形成和发育等方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨生物土壤结皮（BSCs）土壤的膨胀特性及其主要影响因素，针对黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土两种典型土壤，利用膨胀仪测定并比较了有、无藓结皮及其在不同因素（初始含水量、干湿循环、冻融循环、温度）下膨胀率的差异，分析了BSCs对土壤膨胀性的影响及其与环境因素和BSCs性质的关系。结果显示：风沙土上藓结皮的膨胀率为1.93%，较无结皮增加了8.65倍；而黄绵土上藓结皮的膨胀率为2.05%，与无结皮相比降低了76.68%。藓结皮的生物量和厚度与其膨胀率在风沙土上均呈线性正相关关系（P < 0.05），在黄绵土上分别呈二次函数（P=0.02）和线性正相关关系（P=0.02）。初始含水量同时影响了土壤最大膨胀率和稳定膨胀时间，影响程度风沙土远大于黄绵土（包括藓结皮和无结皮）；干湿循环次数对无结皮土壤膨胀率的影响程度大于藓结皮土壤，其中风沙土和黄绵土上无结皮的膨胀率分别是50.00%~620.00%和-2.28%~10.81%，而两种土壤上藓结皮的膨胀率分别是-5.70%~10.88%和-10.24%~-21.46%；冻融循环下4种土壤的膨胀率均有不同程度的降低，降幅为0~18.54%。黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率受温度影响程度较大，50℃下黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率分别是25℃和35℃下的1.17倍和1.21倍。BSCs显著地改变了风沙土和黄绵土表层的膨胀性，其影响的程度和方向取决于土壤类型。同时，BSCs的膨胀性受含水量、温度、干湿以及冻融循环等关键因素影响。  相似文献   

Simulations of the Impact of Lakes on Local and Regional Climate Over the Tibetan Plateau     

Lingjing Zhu  Xin Liu  Lei Tian  Qunhui Zhang 《大气与海洋》2018,56(4):230-239

ABSTRACT

Because of the high elevation and complex topography of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the role of lakes in the climate system over the Tibetan Plateau is not well understood. For this study, we investigated the impact of lake processes on local and regional climate using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which includes a one-dimensional physically based lake model. The first simulation with the WRF model was performed for the TP over the 2000–2010 period, and the second was carried out during the same period but with the lakes filled with nearby land-use types. Results with the lake simulation show that the model captures the spatial and temporal patterns of annual mean precipitation and temperature well over the TP. Through comparison of the two simulations, we found that the TP lakes mainly cool the near-surface air, inducing a decreasing sensible heat flux for the entire year. Meanwhile, stronger evaporation produced by the lakes is found in the fall. During the summer, the cooling effect of the lakes decreases precipitation in the surrounding area and generates anomalous circulation patterns. In conclusion, the TP lakes cool the near-surface atmosphere most of the time, weaken the sensible heat flux, and strengthen the latent heat flux, resulting in changes in mesoscale precipitation and regional-scale circulation.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough,Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction     

Ruth M. K. Plets  S. Louise Callard  J. Andrew G. Cooper  Joseph T. Kelley  Daniel F. Belknap  Robin J. Edwards  Antony J. Long  Rory J. Quinn  Derek W. T. Jackson 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):285-298

The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. ?40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp . Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp . Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.  相似文献   

Application of PSO-LIBSVM in Recognition of Potassium Salt Deposits     

Fuqiang Yang  Kegui Chen  Changbing Huang  Yuanyuan Chen  Jin Li  Xiaolin Ma 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):757-764

The shortage of potassium salt seriously restricts the development of China's agriculture. Increasing the exploration and development of potash will help improve the self-sufficiency of potassium in China. With rich potassium salt resources, Sichuan basin is one of the most important research areas for potash exploration and development in China. Polyhalite is an important solid potassium salt mineral in Sichuan basin, often intercalated in rock minerals such as anhydrite, rock salt and dolomite. Aiming at the problem that conventional log interpretation methods are difficult to accurately identify polyhalites, this paper proposed a new Support Vector Machine (SVM) recognition method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to classify polyhalites in Sichuan basin. Based on particle swarm optimization and support vector machine theory, combined with logging interpretation theory, the effective data sensitive to polyhalite logging response were selected as input samples to generate training sets and test sets randomly. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) parameters were optimized by particle swarm optimization, and the classification and prediction model of polyhalite was established. Compared with mud logging results, the recognition accuracy of SVM model based on particle swarm optimization reached 97.5758%, which is obviously better than that of SVM model optimized by cross validation method in recognition accuracy and speed. The results show that the model has broad application prospects in potash exploration in Sichuan basin.  相似文献   

不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

段寅  荣传新  程桦  蔡海兵  解德柱  丁杨龙 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):479-490

拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程， 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景， 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点， 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明： 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降， 随后逐渐减缓， 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳， 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求； 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁， 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体； 积极冻结21 h后， 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大， 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm， 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下， 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内， 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下， 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱， 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在， 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下， 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时， 更加便于安装且经济环保。  相似文献   

CMD180T型钻机在尚义地热井施工中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王雷浩  李光宏  石逊  殷邈 《探矿工程》2020,47(1):58-61

经物探分析在河北省张家口尚义县大青沟镇南海子村东南1.0 km存在深部断裂构造，为了寻找开发坝上地区地热资源，决定在该位置施工一口2000 m深地热井，即穿过该断裂构造寻找导水通道，完成地热井施工任务。施工中采用了CMD180T型钻机，该钻机采用了先进的全液压传动系统，自动化程度高，性能优异，可大大降低操作人员的劳动强度且易于搬迁、易于操作。其优势在这次地热井工程施工过程中得到了充分的体现。  相似文献   

基于IceBridge数据的南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度研究     

张建  杨元德  杨全明  汪楚涯 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):295-306

海冰变化与全球气候、 生态系统和人类活动密切相关， 海冰厚度是海冰变化研究的重要参数之一。全面立体高精度观测海冰厚度的最有效手段是航空遥感， 而冰桥计划（IceBridge）是当前南北极最大的航空遥感工程。基于2009 - 2014年冰桥计划的激光雷达高程数据和数字测图系统相机光学影像对南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度进行研究， 并结合降雪量等气象数据探讨该区域海冰厚度变化的原因。研究发现该海域的海冰厚度在2009 - 2014年间整体呈微弱增长趋势（0.07 m·a^-1）， 但是在95%置信水平下不具有显著性。2009 - 2011年呈现先增加后减少的大幅度变化， 其中2010年达到极大值2.42 m， 之后开始缓慢增加。海冰厚度的年际变化与降雪和近地表温度等气象要素相关， 二者相比较而言降雪为主要影响因素。  相似文献   

海域金矿找矿方法研究——以山东省莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿为例     

田振环 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):19-28

莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿区是世界上第一个查明的海域岩金矿。它通过追索延伸至海域的三山岛断裂，圈定破金找矿靶区。利用海域高精度磁测和浅地层剖面测量配合海上钻探，找到了海域大型金矿。以三山岛海域金矿普查为依托，研究出来的这套海域金矿找矿方法和海上钻探平台，可为今后开展海域金及其它与断裂有关的矿产资源找矿，提供指导和借鉴。  相似文献   

Nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana     

Obed Asiedu  Charles Kodia Kwoseh  Haddish Melakeberhan  Thomas Adjei-Gyapong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(2):381-387

Climate change affects air temperature, sea levels as well as the soil and its ecosystem. The Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana are characterized by different climatic conditions and vegetative cover. Annual average temperature has been steadily increasing whilst annual total rainfall has been decreasing in both zones, and this has been causing a southward shift of the Savannah into the Forest zone. Soil organisms provide crucial ecosystem services which are required for sustainable agriculture and food production yet crop cultivation disturbs the soil ecosystem. The harsh conditions associated with the Savannah further expose the soil ecosystem to disturbance and loss of biodiversity which threatens food production and security. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals in the soil and play a central and critical role in the soil food web complex. Studying the nematode community structure gives a reflection of the status of the entire soil ecosystem. Soil samples were taken from cultivated and natural landscapes in the Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest agroecological zones to analyse the nematode community. Results from the study showed the Guinea Savannah zone recording warmer soil temperatures, lower organic matter percentage and lower nematode diversity(Genus Richness) as compared to the Semi-deciduous Forest zone. If the Savannah continues to shift southward, the Forest zone soil ecosystem risks disturbance and loss of biodiversity due to the harsh Savannah conditions. Our findings indicate that prevailing crop cultivation practices also disturb soil ecosystem in the two ecological zones which span across West Africa. A disturbed soil ecosystem endangers the future of food production and food security.  相似文献