Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density     

Jarle Aarstad  Stig-Erik Jakobsen 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(5):290-300

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the article is to assess whether an entrepreneurial causation or effectuation logic is a function of geographical location in densely populated economic regions versus sparsely populated economic regions. A causation logic implies that the entrepreneur primarily focuses on a predefined goal and further aims to identify the means to reach that goal. By contrast, an effectuation logic implies that the entrepreneur to a larger extent focuses on the means at hand, which she or he aims at materialising into one or more goals that are not necessarily predefined. The empirical data for the study are based on an investigation and evaluation of Norwegian entrepreneurs in business incubation that are located in many different economic regions of the country. Multilevel regression analyses showed that geographical location in sparsely populated economic regions is associated with a causation logic, whereas a location in densely populated economic regions is associated with an effectuation logic. An implication of the article is that entrepreneurial stakeholders, such as policymakers, incubator managers, public and private partners, and entrepreneurs themselves should be aware of differences in causation and effectuation logics between entrepreneurs located in densely versus sparsely populated economic regions.  相似文献   

Farmland marginalization in the mountainous areas:Characteristics,influencing factors and policy implications   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

SHAO Jing'an  ZHANG Shichao  LI Xiubin 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(6)

  相似文献   

The Bastar craton,central India: A window to Archean – Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution     

《Gondwana Research》2020

The Bastar craton in central India, surrounded by cratonic blocks and Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic orogenic belts, is a window to investigate the Archean-Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution and tectonic processes. Here we propose a new tectonic classification of the craton into the Western Bastar Craton (WBC), Eastern Bastar Craton (EBC), and the intervening Central Bastar Orogen (CBO). We present petrologic, geochemical and zircon U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf data from a suite of rocks from the CBO and along the eastern margin of the WBC Including: (1) volcanic successions comprising meta-andesite and fine-grained amphibolite, representing arc-related volcanics along a convergent margin; (2) ferruginous sandstone, in association with rhyolite, representing a volcano-sedimentary succession, deposited in an active trench; and (3) metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic suite including gabbro, pyroxenite and dunite invaded by trondhjemite representing the section of sub-arc mantle and arc root adjacent to a long-lasting subduction system. Petrologic studies indicate that the mafic-ultramafic suite crystallized from an island arc tholeiitic parental magma in a suprasubduction zone environment. The chondrite-normalized and primitive mantle normalized diagrams of the mafic and ultramafic rocks suggest derivation from MORB magma. The mixed characters from N-MORB to E-MORB of the studied samples are consistent with subduction modification of a MORB related magma, involving partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge. Our zircon U-Pb age data suggest that the cratonic nuclei was constructed as early as Paleoarchean. We present evidence for active subduction and arc magmatism through Mesoarchean to Neoarchean and early Paleoproterozoic, with the trench remaining open until at least 2.3 Ga. Two major crust building events are recognized in the Bastar craton: during Mesoarchean (recycled Paleoarchean subduction-related as well as juvenile/depleted mantle components) and Neoarchean (accretion of juvenile oceanic crust, arc magmatism including granite batholiths and related porphyry mineralization). The final cratonization occurred during latest Paleoproterozoic, followed by collisional assembly of the craton and its incorporation within the Peninsular Indian mosaic during Mesoproterozoic. In the global supercontinent context, the craton preserves the history of Ur, the earliest supercontinent, followed by the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia, as well as minor thermal imprints of the Neoproterozoic Rodinia and associated Grenvillian orogeny.  相似文献   

柴北缘达达肯乌拉山地区闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永乐  刘智刚  张爱奎  何书跃  张大明  毛生元  李兴良  奎明娟 《矿床地质》2018,37(5):1079-1090

达达肯乌拉山位于柴达木盆地北缘中东部,区内发育闪长岩体,以小岩株形式产出。通过对达达肯乌拉山闪长岩岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学特征的研究,获得闪长岩体的年龄为(240.5±1.7) Ma,属早印支期。闪长岩体的w(K_2O)较高,为2.03%～2.30%,w(Na2O)含量较低,为3.2%～3.44%,为一套准铝质及弱过铝质高K、低Na的高钾钙碱性型I型花岗岩。岩石稀土元素总量为158.35×10~(-6)～200.41×10~(-6),球粒陨石标准化曲线向右倾斜,重稀土元素曲线呈水平状,轻稀土元素富集,但负铕异常不明显,岩浆分异程度不高。岩石的La/Ta(54.32～68.51)、Sm/Nd(0.18～0.19)及Rb/Sr(0.11～0.19)比值特征反映该岩体岩浆具有壳幔混合的特点。通过构造判别,反映达达肯乌拉山岩体可能形成于俯冲陆壳断离、幔源岩浆底侵的地球动力学背景,在中央造山带早中生代统一的板块碰撞与挤压构造体制下,以滩间山蛇绿岩带为基础,发生陆壳俯冲和断离作用,并诱发幔源岩浆的底侵和下地壳物质的部分熔融,沿火山机构侵位形成达达肯乌拉山岩体。  相似文献   

Evaluating the Bonn—Marrakesh agreement     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):111-117

Abstract

This article evaluates the environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of the Kyoto Protocol after the Bonn Agreement and the Marrakesh Accords. The US withdrawal has by far the greatest impact in reducing the environmental effectiveness, lowering the price of traded emission permits and reducing Annex I abatement costs. The decisions on sinks imply that the Annex I CO₂-equivalent emissions without the US will come out at about 1/2% below base-year level, instead of over 4% below base-year level. Without US participation, the emission permit price is estimated to be low. Therefore, banking hot air by Russia and the Ukraine is of absolute importance for the development of a viable emissions trading market, and would also enhance the environmental effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol.  相似文献   

湖泊沉积物年纹层的研究方法及其意义   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

刘强  游海涛  刘嘉麒 《第四纪研究》2004,24(6):683-694

文章总结了前人对湖泊沉积物年纹层类型的划分,并根据年纹层的形成过程和组分特征分为3个大类,即碎屑年纹层、生物成因年纹层(如硅藻年纹层等)和化学成因年纹层(如方解石年纹层、菱铁矿年纹层、黄铁矿年纹层、蒸发盐年纹层等)。介绍了目前应用于湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的主要方法和技术包括:1)新鲜沉积物表面照相、X射线照相技术;2)光学显微镜观察;3)数字化图像分析;4)扫描电子显微镜技术等。而岩相学大薄片是目前年纹层研究工作中应用非常广泛的材料,对目前制作大薄片比较普遍采用的快速冷冻-冷冻干燥和水-丙酮-环氧树脂交换这两种方法进行了介绍并比较了各自的优劣。湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的古环境意义主要体现在两个方面,一是提供了高精度的纹层年代学时间标尺,在诸如气候突变事件的时限、大气¹⁴C浓度变化、火山灰层定年、古地磁场长期变化主曲线重建等方面有重要意义;二是年纹层性质研究如年纹层厚度和年纹层微相变化本身所蕴藏的高分辨率古气候环境变化信息,在太阳活动周期、ENSO等气候事件的研究中也有重要意义。最后,文章简单介绍了我国东北龙岗火山区四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物中年纹层的特征并展望了其研究潜力。  相似文献   

陕西省洛南县莲花沟岩体LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

张照伟  李文渊  赵东宏  高永宝  谢燮  张海松  彭素霞  李行 《地球学报》2008,29(6):811-816

在西起陕西省的金堆城地区,东至河南省栾川南泥湖-三道庄-上房沟、嵩县雷门沟地区的华北地台南缘的东秦岭钼矿带上产出的南泥湖、三道庄、上房沟等一系列钼矿床,均与燕山期中酸性小岩体成矿关系密切,并且成岩成矿年龄集中在110～160 Ma.同样位于该钼矿带上的洛南县莲花沟岩体,其侵位特点与岩石化学特征非常相似.笔者从陕西省洛南县莲花沟岩体地质背景人手,通过LA-ICP-Ms锆石U-Pb定年,获得莲花沟岩体年龄为(147.7±2.0)Ma.恰处于东秦岭钼主成岩成矿年龄范围,这对进一步指导该区的找矿工作,具有重要地质意义.  相似文献   

山东岚山I型与A型复合片麻状变质花岗岩：年代学、地球化学及其构造指示意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡建  邱检生  徐夕生  于津海  李真 《岩石学报》2009,25(2):282-296

在山东日照岚山地区,出露有原岩为新元古代岩浆活动产物的I型与A型复合的片麻状变质花岗岩体,前者特征矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母,而后者则为石英+钾长石+斜长石+霓石+亚铁钠闪石+黑云母。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,I型片麻状变质花岗岩的原岩成岩年龄为795±32Ma,而A型片麻状变质花岗岩的原岩年龄则为772±26Ma,二者均经历了早中生代的超高压变质作用,并在220Ma左右遭受强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用的改造。地球化学上,I型和A型片麻状变质花岗岩均具有高硅、富铁和贫镁的特征,但A型片麻状变质花岗岩更富碱贫铝,其铝饱和指数仅为0.88~0.94,表现为准铝质,而I型片麻状变质花岗岩则具有准铝-弱过铝的特点（A/CNK=0.94~1.01）。在微量和稀土元素方面,A型片麻状变质花岗岩较I型稀土总量高,且具有高场强元素富集的特征,富Ga,10⁴×Ga/Al值为2.77~3.89。二类片麻状变质花岗岩具有不同的Nd同位素组成,ε_Nd (t)值分别为-6.26 ~ -8.00和-3.73 ~ -5.20,指示它们应具不同的岩浆源区,元素结晶分异模拟显示二者岩浆演化的历程也存在差异。岚山片麻状变质花岗岩叠加有"弧"和"裂谷"双重岩浆活动的地球化学印记,它们与由地幔柱上隆所引发的主动裂谷背景下岩浆作用产物的特征存在明显差别。I型与A型复合片麻状变质花岗岩的产出指示扬子板块北东缘在片麻状变质花岗岩原岩形成时（795~770Ma）应处于弧后伸展引发的被动裂谷环境的初始阶段。  相似文献   

Ar-Ar geochronology of Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Yanji area, NE China and tectonic implications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LI ChaoWen    GUO Feng  FAN WeiMing & GAO XiaoFeng  Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology  Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou  China  Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(4):505-518

Ar-Ar dating results of late Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Yanji area, NE China provide a new volcano-sedimentary stratigraphic framework. The previously defined “Triassic-Jurassic” volcanic rocks (including those from Sanxianling, Tuntianying, Tianqiaoling and Jingouling Fms.) were erupted during 118―106 Ma, corresponding to Early Cretaceous. The new eruption age span is slightly younger than the main stage (130―120 Ma) of the extensive magmatism in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt and its adjacent regions. Subduction-related adakites occurring in the previously defined Quanshuicun Fm. were extruded at ca. 55 Ma. Based on these new Ar-Ar ages, the late Mesozoic to Palaeocene volcano-sedimentary sequences is rebuilt as: Tuopangou Fm., Sanxianling/Tuntianying Fm. (118―115 Ma), Malugou/Tianqiaoling Fm. (K1), Huoshanyan/Jingouling Fm. (108―106 Ma), Changcai Fm. (K2), Quanshuicun Fm. (~55 Ma) and Dalazi Fm. Our results suggest that subduction of the Pa- laeo-Pacific Ocean beneath the East Asian continental margin occurred during 106 to 55 Ma, consistent with the paleomagnetic observations and magmatic records which indicated that the Izanagi-Farallon ridge subduction beneath the southwestern Japan took place during 95―65 Ma.  相似文献   

Element mobility during pyrite weathering: implications for acid and heavy metal pollution at mining-impacted sites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Long Lu  Rucheng Wang  Fanrong Chen  Jiyue Xue  Peihua Zhang  Jianjun Lu 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(1):82-89

Based on back scattered electron images and electron micro-probe analysis results, four alteration layers, including a transition layer, a reticulated ferric oxide layer, a nubby ferric oxide layer and a cellular ferric oxide layer, were identified in the naturally weathering products of pyrite. These layers represent a progressive alteration sequence of pyrite under weathering conditions. The cellular ferric oxide layer correlates with the strongest weathering phase and results from the dissolution of nubby ferric oxide by acidic porewater. Leaching coefficient was introduced to better express the response of element mobility to the degree of pyrite weathering. Its variation shows that the mobility of S, Co and Bi is stronger than As, Cu and Zn. Sulfur in pyrite is oxidized to sulfuric acid and sulfate that are basically released into to porewater, and heavy metals Co and Bi are evidently released by acid dissolution. As, Cu and Zn are enriched in ferric oxide by adsorption and by co-precipitation, but they would re-release to the environment via desorption or dissolution when porewater pH becomes low enough. Consequently, Co, Bi, As, Cu and Zn may pose a substantial impact on water quality. Considering that metal mobility and its concentration in mine waste are two important factors influencing heavy metal pollution at mining-impacted sites, Bi and Co are more important pollutants in this case.  相似文献