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沙地果树节水渗灌技术的试验研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
果树渗灌是灌溉水通过特殊的透性材料持续缓慢地渗入并浸润土壤，借助土壤毛管水运动原理向果树根系供水。干旱地区沙地渗灌能有效地减少地表蒸发、避免无效渗漏造成的水分损失，提高灌溉水利用率，从而达到节水的目的。在沙地果园采用节水渗灌技术，比传统的大水漫灌和沟灌方式分别节水８３．１％和６３．１％。 相似文献
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The organic matter of the surface horizons of soils developed below scrub vegetation in a Mediterranean semi-arid area of great environmental interest (Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, SE Spain) has been studied. The study mainly concentrates on examining the influence of two vegetation types, one evolved (according to its successional stage), and the other clearly degraded as a result of prior removal of vegetation. In spite of the homogeneity in the results obtained from the analysis of the organic matter from the soils studied, a relationship may be established between vegetation biotype and characteristics and evolution of the soil organic matter. The evolved vegetation results in the presence in the soil of a somewhat more evolved and stable organic matter (demonstrated by certain chemical and microbiological aspects), resulting in a greater degree of humification, thus favouring the protection of the soil and the ecosystem as a whole. Hence, the presence of degraded vegetation might lead to soil degradation, something that is unsustainable in semi-arid areas that are particularly fragile in nature. 相似文献
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为了研究全风化-强风化地区岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式,基于安徽省太湖县岩石嵌固基础抗拔性能现场试验,结合数值模拟对不同埋深、不同型式的岩石嵌固基础的抗拔性能进行分析。发现在基础埋深较浅时,坛子型和掏挖型基础抗拔性能及土体破坏模式大体相近;当基础埋深较深时,掏挖型基础抗拔性能明显优于坛子型。同时,对两种基础型式的经济效益进行比较分析,研究结果表明:掏挖型嵌固基础抗拔性能更优,同时具有更好的经济性和环保性,推荐在风化性较强的岩石地基输电线路工程中推广应用。 相似文献
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国家经济的高速增长推动了对矿产能源的需求,使钻探工作量逐年增加。面对深孔复杂地层,钻探过程中卡钻事故时常发生。震击器是解决卡钻事故的有效措施,但油气钻井中常用的震击器在小口径的地质钻探中使用效果并不理想,因此设计适用于地质岩心钻探的新型震击器十分必要。介绍了乌克兰针对比较严重的卡钻事故而设计的带弹簧加压式阀门的液动震击器,在保证其工作可靠性的同时,利用其高频的冲击功可以大大提高解卡工作的效率;针对比较容易发生卡钻地区而设计的随钻式机械震击器,可以在卡钻发生后第一时间进行解卡工作,避免了卡钻事故的进一步恶化,有效的节省了处理卡钻事故的时间。这种解决地质钻探中卡钻事故的有效技术工具,引进、推广应用前景广泛。 相似文献
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捞雷机器人爬行机构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了一种沿半埋雷体表面爬行的捞雷机器人爬行机构的结构和原理。该机构应用于捞雷具作业系统上，能实现捞雷具沿圆柱体的前进、停止、后退与夹持功能。 相似文献
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The Cabo de Gata Níjar Natural Park in Spain presents certain unique characteristics which make it of great geological, ecological
and environmental interest. As a prior step to the environmental study of the park and the impact produced by the mining activities
carried out up until ten years ago, the mining and waste-tip areas were defined and a lithological discrimination carried
out. For this purpose, various remote-sensing techniques were employed to create high-resolution image documents on which
the geological and environmental mapping of the area would be based, with special attention being paid to the areas of former
mining activity because of its implications for the local environment. The merging of remote-sensing images with different
spatial/spectral resolutions has become a highly useful tool, due to their increasing availability. Such is the case of the
SPOT panchromatic and Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images, which are two of the most commonly used images in geological
and environmental studies based on remote sensing. Of the numerous techniques described for merging remote sensing image data,
this paper analyses those based on Intensity-Hue-Saturation, Principal Component Analysis, Spherical Coordinates, High-Pass
Filters and Colour Normalized transform, using SPOT panchromatic and Landsat TM data. The research goals were (1) to analyse
and compare some of the most commonly used methods; (2) to select the most appropriate method for a detailed geological-environmental
study, and (3) to apply the methodology to the Cabo de Gata-Níjar area, the site of one of the most distinctive natural parks
in the country.
Received: 29 November 1996 · Accepted: 29 July 1997 相似文献
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