莱州湾南岸潍河下游地区咸水入侵灾害成因及特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘恩峰  张祖陆  沈吉  宋俊峰 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(3):78-82,87

通过对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵较严重地潍河下游地区晚更新世以来沉积特征及现代自然环境条件变化的分析，探讨了沉积相对咸水入侵产生及空间范围特征的环境机理。晚更新世以来的三次海平面升降变化造成了潍河下游地区海陆沉积环境交替，形成了巨厚的海陆交互相沉积层。海进时期，大面积的滨海平原被淹没，在近海平原洼地滞留的海水经过蒸发、浓缩变为卤水，成为咸水入侵的物源；海退后陆源碎屑在滨海地区沉积形成了巨厚的古河道砂层。20世纪70年代末期以来，随着对地下淡水的过度开采，淡咸水水头压力差减小．卤水通过古河道砂层快速南侵。通过对潍河下游地区100余个地质钻孔水化学连续监测资料分析，阐明了咸水入侵的特征，有针对性地提出了咸水入侵的防治措施。  相似文献   

Calibrating the GOCE accelerations with star sensor data and a global gravity field model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sietse Rispens  Johannes Bouman 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(8):737-749

A reliable and accurate gradiometer calibration is essential for the scientific return of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) mission. This paper describes a new method for external calibration of the GOCE gradiometer accelerations. A global gravity field model in combination with star sensor quaternions is used to compute reference differential accelerations, which may be used to estimate various combinations of gradiometer scale factors, internal gradiometer misalignments and misalignments between star sensor and gradiometer. In many aspects, the new method is complementary to the GOCE in-flight calibration. In contrast to the in-flight calibration, which requires a satellite-shaking phase, the new method uses data from the nominal measurement phases. The results of a simulation study show that gradiometer scale factors can be estimated on a weekly basis with accuracies better than 2 × 10⁻³ for the ultrasensitive and 10⁻² for the less sensitive axes, which is compatible with the requirements of the gravity gradient error. Based on a 58-day data set, scale factors are found that can reduce the errors of the in-flight-calibrated measurements. The elements of the complete inverse calibration matrix, representing both the internal gradiometer misalignments and scale factors, can be estimated with accuracies in general better than 10⁻³.  相似文献   

三维旋转扫描测量平台设计与实现     

吴俣  叶泽田  孙立业  康永伟 《测绘科学》2009,34(6)

本设计主要用于360°旋转的三维扫描,实现角度数据的实时获取。设计中采用单片机控制交流伺服电机进行自定的角度、速度与方向的旋转并实时上传时间、角度数据至上位机进行处理,实现了对平台旋转精度的控制与检测,着重研究了该传感器误差源的产生,对实际应用中的误差进行了定量分析,利用偏心改正、4分频等方法减少了误差,提高了参数精度。角度范围为360°,角度分辨率为0.01°。  相似文献   

γ射线暴的研究进展（Ⅳ：特强γ射线暴和软γ重复暴   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆建隆  潘善龙  陆埮 《天文学进展》1996,14(4):302-314

最近CGRO上的仪器观测到了两个迄今为止发现的最强的λ暴GB930131和GB940217,其光子最高能量均达GeV量级;GB930131的峰值计数率达2×10~6个光子s~(-1);而GB940217的持续时间竟长达90min。另外沉寂了多年的软重复暴源SGR1900 14和SGR1806-20的再次爆发也由BATSE发现。一系列的观测还发现这些软重复暴均与X射线源对应且与超新星遗迹成协。文中对特强暴和软重暴(SGR)的性质及研究进展作了较为详细的评述。  相似文献   

Optical Flash of GRB 990123: Constraints on the Physical Parameters of the Reverse Shock     

Yi-Zhong Fan  Zi-Gao Dai  Yong-Feng Huang  Tan Lu Department of Astronomy  Nanjing University  Nanjing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2002,2(5):449-453

The optical flash accompanying GRB 990123 is believed to be powered by the reverse shock of a thin shell. With the best-fit physical parameters for GRB 990123 and the assumption that the parameters in the optical flash are the same as in the afterglow, we show that: 1) the shell is thick rather than thin, and we have provided the light curve for the thick shell case which coincides with the observation; 2) the theoretical peak flux of the optical flash accounts for only 3×10~-4 of the observed. In order to remove this discrepancy, the physical parameters, the electron energy and magnetic ratios, εe and εB, should be 0.61 and 0.39, which are very different from their values for the late afterglow.  相似文献   

Sequences in the Hardness Ratio-Peak Energy Plane of Gamma-Ray Bursts     

Xiao-Hong Cui  En-Wei Liang  Rui-Jing Lu National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming  ciwei@.com Department of Physics  Guangxi University  Nanning Department of Astronomy  Nanjing University  Nanjing Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(2):151-158

The narrowness of the distribution of the peak energy of the vFv spectrum of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the unification of GRB populations are great puzzles yet to be solved. We investigate the two puzzles based on the global spectral behaviors of different GRB populations, the long GRBs, the short GRBs, and the X-ray flashes (XRFs), in the HR - Ep plane (HR the spectral hardness ratio) with BATSE and HETE-2 observations. It is found that the long GRBs and the XRFs observed by HETE-2 seem to follow the same sequence in the HR-Ep plane, with the XRFs at the low end of this sequence. We fit the sequence by a universal Band function, and find that this sequence is mainly defined by the low energy index α, and is insensitive to the high energy index,β. With fixed β=-5, a best fit is given by α=-1.00 with X^2min/dof=2.2. The long and short GRBs observed by BATSE follow significantly different sequences in the HR-Ep plane, with most of the short GRBs having a larger hardness ratio than the long GRBs at a given Ep. For the long GRBs a best-fit yields α=-0.30 and β=-2.05. For the short GRBs, a best fit gives α=-0.60 with x^2min=1.1 (withβfixed at-2.0 because it is numerically unstable). The α value for the short GRBs is significantly greater than that for the long GRBs. These results indicate that the global spectral behaviors of the long GRB sample and the XRF sample are similar, while that of the short GRBs is different. The short GRBs seem to be a unique subclass of GRBs, and they are not the higher energy extension of the long GRBs.  相似文献   

调频式电涡传感器微机实现的探讨     

林菁 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(1)

分析了分频和ＣＴＣ计数采样中误读数的原因和解决方法，并利用微机软件实现非线性校正。此传感器用于位移测量系统中，具有０．０１ｍｍ的分辨率及优于１％的精度，可在－２０～６０℃温度范围内工作。  相似文献   

The klein–nishina Effects in Blazar Jets     

R. Moderski  M. Sikora 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,297(1-4):369-376

Blazars are the only (with one or two exceptions) extragalactic objects which were detected and identified at gamma-ray energies so far. It is suspected that most of the unidentified gamma-ray sources may be the blazars as well. Because the entire electromagnetic spectrum of these objects is dominated by non-thermal radiation from relativistically moving jets, the effects such as the Klein–Nishina regime in the Compton scattering may play a major role in shaping some parts of the blazar spectrum. Within the framework of external radiation Compton model, we present how these effect influence the spectra of blazars for which the production of gamma rays is dominated by Comptonization of external radiation.  相似文献   

Design of a high update-rate star sensor for arcsec-level attitude determination from balloon-borne X/γ astronomy platforms     

G. Palladino  A. Basili  G. Di Cocco  T. Franceschini  G. Landini  S. Silvestri  A. Barbini  M. Galimberti  L. A. Gizzi 《Experimental Astronomy》2006,21(3):169-187

This paper describes the design of a star sensor based upon a high dynamic range CCD in order to reach an arcsec-level attitude determination in balloon-borne missions. A custom star identification software was developed and laboratory-tested on a prototype assembled using commercial components. A set of numerical simulations have been carried out to study the dependence on the pointing precision of the centroid position accuracy, the number of detected stars and the effect of the image focusing. Moreover, the role of the electronic noise and the discrete pixel structure on the light signals is identified by the analysis of numerical simulations. Laboratory tests confirm that the arcsec pointing accuracy with a 1 Hz update rate can be achieved with our combination of custom-developed software and selected hardware components.  相似文献   

可移动中继节点在传感器网络中的节能应用     

唐帙  罗惠琼 《成都信息工程学院学报》2005,20(2):147-150

介绍了一种新颖的静态传感器网络实现方法，它利用可移动的中继节点来收集静态传感器网络的数据，有效的节约各传感器节点的能源，延长整个传感器网络的有效工作时间。也可以对该方法进行适当的改进，应用到某些实时性要求较高的场合中去。然后介绍了应用该原理实现的一个通讯协议。  相似文献