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Steven A.C. van Benthem Raúl W. Valenzuela Gustavo J. Ponce 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):385-402
Upper mantle shear wave anisotropy under stations in southern Mexico was measured using records of SKS phases. Fast polarization directions where the Cocos plate subducts subhorizontally are oriented in the direction of the relative motion between the Cocos and North American plates, and are trench-perpendicular. This pattern is interpreted as subslab entrained flow, and is similar to that observed at the Cascadia subduction zone. Earlier studies have pointed out that both regions have in common the young age of the subducting lithosphere. Changes in the orientation of the fast axes are observed where the subducting plates change dip and/or are torn, and are thus indicative of 3-D flow around the slab edges. They are consistent with slab rollback, as previously shown by other authors. Some stations located away from the plate boundaries have their fast directions controlled by the absolute motion of the North American plate. The fast axis for station ZAIG, located in the Mesa Central, is oriented WNW-ESE and is different from all the other measurements in this study. 相似文献
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The Dochileh stratiform copper deposit in the Sabzevar Zone of northeastern Iran is hosted in the basaltic sequence of the Upper Eocene age. The host rock displays two hydrothermal events: zeolite–carbonate alteration that is a stratigraphic–lithologic feature and chlorite and chlorite/ferruginous alterations in the local mineralized structures. Ore formation is related to both hydrothermal events and occurs in both stratiform and vein mineralization types. Mineralization consists of main chalcocite with variable amounts of bornite, chalcopyrite, native copper, malachite, and cuprite minerals, which occur as hydrothermal breccias, and disseminated, vein, and veinlet forms. Geophysical field studies using resistivity and induction polarization (IP) methods were conducted along nine survey lines in the area. As a result of modeling and interpretation of the acquired geophysical data, high values of IP and resistivity corresponding to mineralization were observed at two depth levels: 0–20 m and more than 40 m. Based on these geological and geophysical investigations, six locations for drilling exploration boreholes were proposed. Drilling data confirmed the mineralization containing high copper values in the two depth levels: the vein‐type mineralization in the surface and shallow depth level, and the stratiform mineralization at the deeper level. Fluid inclusion studies in calcite and quartz from stratiform‐ and vein‐type mineralization show the evidence of mixing, and a linear dilution trend during the ore formation occurred at a wide range of temperatures: 121–308°C and 80–284°C, respectively, and varying salinities of between 3.2–16.8 and 0.8–22 wt% NaCl equivalents. The stable isotope composition of δ34S that falls in a range of ?2.4 to +25.0‰ could be considered biogenetic sulfur from bacterial sulfate reduction and leaching of sulfur from hosting basalt. The δ13C values of calcite vary between ?0.6 and ?7.6‰, suggesting a major contribution of marine carbonates associated with igneous carbonates, and the δ18OSMOW values of calcite are between +15.2 and +19.9‰, suggesting a contribution of δ18O‐rich sedimentary rocks and δ18O‐poor meteoric water. Copper and sulfide‐rich hydrothermal fluid have flowed upward through the local faults and permeable interbeds within the Eocene volcanic sequence and have formed the mineralized veins and horizons. The geophysical results have detected the local faults as the channel ways for mineralization. 相似文献
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manto型矿化是指"沿层交代"并受地层控制,构造控矿,品位高,富含硫化物矿石。甲玛铜多金属矿床位于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段,在公益性与商业性勘查结合下,取得重大找矿突破的世界级超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。铜山(南坑)矿体是继揭露甲玛深部斑岩矿体之后的又一找矿重大突破。铜山矿体规模达到大型,铜金属量70多万吨,钼金属量2万吨,铅+锌金属量120多万吨,伴生金金属量20多吨,伴生银金属量2 000多吨。铜山矿体距离斑岩体中心1 km,受铜山滑覆构造控制,滑覆体内部次级褶皱、裂隙发育,为热液流体运移、沉淀提供了良好的空间;赋存于林布宗组角岩、林布宗组角岩和多底沟组大理岩层间及多底沟组大理岩中,呈透镜体、脉状、囊状、豆荚状;富含硫化物,主要为黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、斑铜矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿等;品位较高,铜平均品位0.99%,铅+锌平均品位2.88%。通过野外地质调查,并与世界上其他manto型矿体对比,甲玛铜山矿体属于斑岩成矿系统远端的manto型富矿体。甲玛manto型矿体的发现和确定在西藏冈底斯成矿带上尚属首例,对该成矿带其他斑岩、矽卡岩矿床寻找外围manto型富矿体具有极其重要的指导意义,其经济意义也十分巨大,目前已经建成日处理4万吨的露天采场。 相似文献
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