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1.
Although analysis of clast macrofabrics has been used to differentiate between different types of glacial diamictons and to determine palaeo‐ice flow directions, no account appears to have been made of preferred clast orientations inherited from the parental source material. Clast macrofabrics in tills are typically interpreted as having developed in response to an imposed subglacial deformation and as such provide a link between the sedimentary record and glacier dynamics. They rely on the assumption that any preferred clast orientation is a result of deformation/flow. The results of the micromorphological study of the Langholm Till exposed at North Corbelly near Dumfries (southwestern Scotland) clearly demonstrate that bedrock structure can influence clast orientation (macrofabric) within diamictons. In the lower part of the till, the orientation of elongate clasts preserves the geometry of the tectonic cleavage present within the underlying bedrock. The intensity of this steeply inclined, ‘inherited’ clast fabric decreases upward through the till, to be replaced by a more complex pattern of successive generations of clast microfabrics developed in response to deformation/flow. These results indicate potential limitations of applying clast macrofabric or microfabric analysis in isolation to establish till genesis or palaeo ice‐flow directions. Consequently, due account should be made of other glacial palaeo‐environmental and ice flow indicators, as well as rockhead depth and morphology in relation to the selection of fabric measurements sites. © British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
2.
Despite a long history of investigation, critical issues regarding the last glacial cycle in northwest Europe remain unresolved. One of these refers to the extent, timing and dynamics of Late Devensian/Weichselian glaciation of the North Sea Basin, and whether the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent at any time during this period. This has been the result of the lack of the detailed sedimentological data required to reconstruct processes and environment of sediments recovered through coring. This study presents the results of seismic, sedimentological and micromorphological evidence used to reconstruct the depositional processes of regionally extensive seismic units across the North Sea Basin. Thin section micromorphology is used here to provide an effective means of discriminating between subglacial and glacimarine sediments from cored samples and deriving process‐based interpretations from sediment cores. On the basis of micromorphology, critical formations from the basin have been reinterpreted, with consequent stratigraphic implications. Within the current stratigraphic understanding of the North Sea Basin, a complex reconstruction is suggested, with a minimum of three major glacial episodes inferred. On at least two occasions during the Weichselian/Devensian, the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent in the central North Sea. Whilst micromorphology can provide much greater confidence in the interpretation of Late Quaternary offshore stratigraphic sequences, it is noted that a much better geochronology is required to resolve key stratigraphic issues between the onshore and offshore stratigraphic records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
3.
长江中游湖泊沉积微结构特征与沉积环境   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
在长江中游的洪湖、东湖、网湖和大九湖等四个地点取得湖沼沉积物的钻孔样品,用偏光显微镜下和电子显微镜观察微结构特征并以此解释三种湖相粘土的成因和沉积环境的变化。在长江沿岸湖泊中,0.4~ 0.5kaBP以来形成的浅色粘土的微结构类型主要有 :显微层理构造、颗粒的定向性、较大的微孔隙和颗粒粒径,面与面或边与边接触方式。物源主要来自河流带来的泥沙.当时河湖相通,河流入湖水沙量大。 1~ 2.5kaBP期间形成的青色粘土的典型微结构是 :凝胶结构、絮凝结构、细颗粒粒径和小孔隙、低球度和淡水中心冈硅藻。主要是有机质胶体与粘土胶体相互作用形成的。此期间,河流带入湖泊的泥沙少,江汉平原拥有一个开阔、稳定、浮游生物较多的淡水湖泊环境。 0.4~ 1kaBP期间形成的黑色粘土的主要微结构类型是 :凝胶结构、大的圆孔隙和植物纤维的生物框架结构、呈双峰分布的孔隙。它主要是由于维管束植物残体大量积累形成的。当时江汉平原湖泊湖水变浅,大量挺水植物生长,有些湖泊沼已经沼泽化了。鱼骨框架结构证明,在 2.9~ 4kaBP的全新世温暖期山间盆地大九湖出现大量鱼类,但并没有导致喜温鱼类向上游明显迁徙。  相似文献   
4.
硅质岩是一类广泛分布于造山带内的岩石,其组成简单且具有较高的稳定性.然而,硅质岩的这种高稳定性是宏观的,在微观上仍然会保留地质演化和成岩过程的痕迹,可以从中提取造山带演化过程中的温度、压力和流体等重要信息.秦岭造山带西段八方山一二里河Pb-Zn矿区的赋矿硅质岩的光学显微镜、激光拉曼(RAMAN)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD...  相似文献   
5.
The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between the behaviour of a clayey material at the macroscopic scale and its microfabric evolution. This may lead to a better understanding of macroscopic strain mechanisms especially the contractancy and dilatancy phenomena. The approach proposed in this paper is based on the study of clay particles orientation by SEM picture analysis after different phases of triaxial loading. In the initial state of the samples (one‐dimensional compression), the SEM observations highlight a microstructural anisotropy with a preferential orientation of the particles normal to the loading direction. During isotropic loading, densification of the clayey matrix occurs related to a random orientation of particles indicated by the term ‘depolarization’. In the earlier stages of constant σ3 drained triaxial path on slightly overconsolidated specimens, the microstructural depolarization seems to persist inside a macroscopic domain, in which only the volumetric strains due to the isotropic part of the stress tensor evolve. Then, a rotation mechanism of the particles towards preferred directions seems to be activated. The phenomenon appears directly linked to the evolution of the deviatoric part of the stress tensor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
6.
橄榄岩作为上地幔的主要成分,影响着上地幔的流变学行为,其显微构造记录了岩石形成发展过程中所经受的构造事件.通过对祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩样品的镜下显微构造观察、岩石组构测定及TEM位错分析,探讨了与变形相关的温度、围压、含水性和应变速率等因素,总结该岩石的变形机制和变形历史,并推断其形成发展时大地构造环境.研究表明,玉石沟橄榄岩产自上地幔,其变形改造经历了上地幔演化和脆-韧性变形2个阶段.上地幔演化阶段橄榄石发育明显的A型原生组构,电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)测定的橄榄石显微组构表明,该地区橄榄岩形成于高温(> 1200℃)、低应力(<350 MPa)、低应变速率、低含水量的地幔浅部环境条件下;脆-韧性变形阶段叠加改造了原生A型组构,而发育明显的D型次生组构.橄榄石变形主控因素为动态恢复作用,普遍发育亚晶粒、消光带和扭折显微构造等相关组构,并与透射电镜下所观察到的位错排对应,同时还发育以微破裂为主的一套脆性变形组构,表现出两组共轭剪破裂和另一组张性破裂等现象,揭示出与韧性动态恢复现象一致的应力场方向指示.  相似文献   
7.
赵明  王赐银 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):377-380
东疆哈尔里克造山带中红柱石的变形显微构造与区内A型俯冲引起的断裂区域变质作用有成因联系。红柱石的变形特征显示了其变形机制为塑性形变,处于韧性变形的条件下,表明变形前形成于一定的深度,后受推覆构造作用,发生变形并被带至地表,是区内构造演化的产物。  相似文献   
8.
内蒙武川—固阳—大佘太韧性剪切带与金矿   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
内蒙中部武川—固阳—大余太东西向韧性剪切带内发育明显的糜核岩显微组构。据剪切带内糜棱岩形成温压条件(t=300~400℃,P=0.25~0.5GPa),表明它是绿片岩相变质—变形环境。剪切应变值γ=5.77~3.47。变形是以简单剪切为主,兼有压扁作用。剪切带南侧是早元古宙强烈线性构造活动带,北侧是晚太古宙花岗岩—绿岩带。剪切带形成在早元古宇,早期表现为自北向南的推覆韧性剪切作用。岩金矿(化)床沿着剪切带分布。尤其在后期脆性破裂叠加及中酸性岩浆岩所在部位,金矿进一步富集,说明本区岩金矿的形成是多阶段成矿作用的结果。  相似文献   
9.
硅质岩以SiO2为主,并广泛发育于造山带内。激光Raman、SEM-EDS分析结果显示,研究区硅质岩微组构特征记录了造山作用、成矿作用和重结晶作用等的改造。SEM分析显示,研究区硅质岩中石英颗粒较小且呈紧密堆积,这些特征符合热水沉积快速结晶的特点。激光Raman分析结果中,石英颗粒自边缘向中心核部的拉曼特征峰(463cm-1)经高斯拟合(Gaussian Fitting)后尖锐程度逐渐递增,半高宽(FWHM)递减,反映了石英自身的重结晶作用。在石英颗粒边界与碳酸盐脉的接触部位,结晶程度和有序度自内向外呈递增趋势,反映了石英颗粒遭受了流体的影响,SEM分析结果中石英颗粒的絮状反应残余边界进一步支持了该结论。在SEM下,金属硫化物在裂隙和空隙中发生沉淀并呈线状和零星浸染状分布,与应力作用及杂质矿物有着密切的关系。另外,据硅质岩中的脉体穿插关系,指示西秦岭存在碳酸盐(铁白云石)热液→金属硫化物热液→硅质-碳酸盐(方解石)热液的多阶段流体演化,与东秦岭流体作用具有较好的相似性。  相似文献   
10.
Peloidal crusts are significant components of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) reef carbonates in eastern Spain. The crusts form steep-sided laminated deposits on coral and other skeletal surfaces. Their microfabric consists almost entirely of silt-sized peloids in fenestral microspar matrix. This microfabric contrasts with more poorly sorted and generally finer grained detrital wackestone–packstone fabrics of the adjacent reef matrix. Scarcity of incorporated grains indicates that the crusts did not trap many particles. It is proposed that the crusts are stromatolites and that peloids and inter-peloid space were created concurrently by bacterial degradation of organic matter. As they developed, inter-peloid voids were protected from infiltration of extraneous sediment by the organic-rich exterior surface of the stromatolite. Even spacing of the peloids within microspar may reflect self-organization of bacterial colonies in the decaying organic matrix. Compressed and partly amalgamated peloids marginal to burrows in the stromatolites suggest that the peloid fabrics were initially only partially lithified. The grainstone-like peloid fabric is therefore interpreted as having formed in situ by very early diagenetic processes driven by heterotrophic bacteria.  相似文献   
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