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1.
《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432
The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km2. It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×108 m3/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   
2.
邵晨晨 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):102-108
上海某国际金融大厦深大基坑项目北侧紧邻运营轨道交通8号线区间隧道,最近处仅7.87 m,南侧与现有世博共同管沟净距2.0~3.0 m,基坑变形控制要求高,周边环境敏感。同时,本项目位于黄浦江畔,场地浅层为典型的淤泥质软土地层,下部为富含承压水粉(砂)土层,且微承压水层与第一、第二承压水层互为连通,止水帷幕无法隔断承压水层,地质条件复杂。设计采用分坑施工、被动区加固、预应力伺服钢支撑系统、抽灌一体化降水方案、超深地下连续墙、跟踪注浆、型钢垫层等技术方案。实测结果表明,区间隧道的最大变形6.52 mm,共同管沟的最大变形15.3 mm,其最大变形均满足变形控制要求,确保了运营区间隧道和共同管沟的安全。  相似文献   
3.
王建伟 《探矿工程》2021,48(3):73-77
为更好地服务深部钻探工程,准确了解冲洗液封堵性能,对6种成膜封堵剂开展了砂床实验、API静失水量实验、流变性能实验及抗温实验等室内实验进行优选与评价。实验结果表明,2号和4号成膜封堵剂在6种成膜封堵剂中封堵性能最好,它们在基浆中的最优加量均为2%,100 ℃温度条件下加入这2种封堵剂的冲洗液具有较好的抗温性能;冲洗液中膨润土含量和处理剂是影响冲洗液封堵性能的2个重要因素:膨润土含量越高,冲洗液封堵性能越好,加入聚合物、降滤失剂等处理剂可以提高冲洗液的封堵性能。砂床实验是评价冲洗液封堵性能好坏的重要依据。  相似文献   
4.
在通常的四分块矩阵求广义逆矩阵和凯利逆矩阵公式基础上,分析左上角子矩阵为秩亏、右下角子矩阵为零的特殊四分块矩阵的凯利逆矩阵存在条件,应用广义逆矩阵法和矩阵变换法推导该类特殊四分块矩阵的凯利逆矩阵显性表达公式,并用于解算约束秩亏间接平差模型的参数估计。实验数据表明,当满足存在性条件时,应用分块矩阵求逆公式解算约束秩亏间接平差模型的结果与间接平差模型的解算结果一致,表明推导的显性表达公式具有可行性。  相似文献   
5.
《China Geology》2021,4(4):673-685
The widely-developed, mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability, however, the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear. Combined the latest drilling wells data, we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems, including progradational coastal system, incised valley system, and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system, and identified four third-order sequences, SQ1, SQ2, SQ3 and SQ4, consisting of LST, TST, and HST. The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently, showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term, which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity. The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   
6.
针对准噶尔盆地南缘中、上侏罗统沉积体系演化控制因素不清、沉积模式不明等问题,通过对多条露头剖面精细解剖、详尽写实沉积特征描述等手段,分析了其垂向序列、砂体叠置方式、水动力条件、沉积体系演化及控制因素。研究表明准南中、上侏罗统自下而上分别发育辫状河沉积、曲流河沉积和扇三角洲沉积,古气候与构造造成的水动力条件的变化是控制这种沉积演化的主要因素。其中头屯河组底部发育辫状河沉积,古气候温暖湿润,形成堆叠型砂体叠置方式;中部发育辫-曲转换沉积,古气候开始初步干旱,形成紧密叠置型砂体;上部发育曲流河沉积,降雨量较少古气候干旱,形成孤立河道型砂体。齐古组发育季节性曲流河沉积,古气候较为干旱,在湿润期降雨量较充足时发育侧向迁移型砂体,干旱期则发育侧向连片型砂体。喀拉扎组发育扇三角洲沉积,古气候整体炎热干旱,构造活动剧烈,碎屑水道在扇三角洲平原构成垂向切割型砂体,而前缘水下分流河道则构成侧向切割型砂体。  相似文献   
7.
油气储层流动单元在高、中、低渗储层表征中已经得到普遍应用,但在特低渗储层研究中仍然很少涉及。以松辽盆地北部三肇凹陷升554断块下白垩统泉头组四段扶余油层特低渗储层为例,划分出E、G、P三种流动单元类型,从E类至P类流动单元,渗流能力逐渐减小。流动单元物性特征、空间分布特征均表明流动单元储层非均质性较强。分析了沉积相及开启型正断层对流动单元发育的控制作用。研究发现,在特低渗储层尺度内,流动单元自身的渗流能力对油藏开发的作用已经很小,而不同流动单元之间的渗流能力差异引起油藏开发效果的不同也已不明显,开发效果主要取决于砂体射开厚度、注水效果等开发因素以及断层渗流通道、泥岩渗流屏障、砂体厚度等地质因素。这与以往储层流动单元研究中普遍认为的"流动单元渗流能力越强,油藏注水开发效果越好"的观点是截然不同的。通过本文以期为特低渗油气储层流动单元研究提供一定借鉴,为特低渗油藏开发提供一定参考依据。  相似文献   
8.
蒋太平  李果民  肖华  沈林江 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):269-274
为了获取参数井压裂设计的相关参数,需要对井眼进行阵列声波测井和微侧向电阻率测井,需要采取大直径岩心进行力学实验。采用固体岩心钻探取心工艺,钻孔口径难以达到物探测井仪器入井要求,岩心直径也不能满足实验要求,必须采用大口径取心工艺才能满足设计要求。同时,常规取心工艺难以满足页岩气勘探对岩心(页岩或者煤心)提升时间的要求,绳索取心工艺在这方面优势明显。本篇介绍了大口径绳索取心工艺在页岩气地质调查井川蔺参1井的成功应用,根据大口径绳索取心钻具的结构特点,结合目的层岩性特征,总结了合理的取心钻进工艺参数和技术保障措施,取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   
9.
Liu  Yansui  Zang  Yuzhu  Yang  Yuanyuan 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):1923-1942
Journal of Geographical Sciences - The urban-rural transformation from dichotomy to integration is a gradual process. Like rural areas in many countries, Chinese rural society is experiencing a...  相似文献   
10.
Cropland fallows are the next best-bet for intensification and extensification, leading to increased food production and adding to the nutritional basket. The agronomical suitability of these lands can decide the extent of usage of these lands. Myanmar’s agricultural land (over 13.8 Mha) has the potential to expand by another 50% into additional fallow areas. These areas may be used to grow short-duration pulses, which are economically important and nutritionally rich, and constitute the diets of millions of people as well as provide an important source of livestock feed throughout Asia. Intensifying rice fallows will not only improve the productivity of the land but also increase the income of the smallholder farmers. The enhanced cultivation of pulses will help improve nutritional security in Myanmar and also help conserve natural resources and reduce environmental degradation. The objectives of this study was to use remote sensing methods to identify croplands in Myanmar and cropland fallow areas in two important agro-ecological regions, delta and coastal region and the dry zone. The study used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m, 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composite (MVC), and land surface water index (LSWI) for one 1 year (1 June 2012–31 May 2013) along with seasonal field-plot level information and spectral matching techniques to derive croplands versus cropland fallows for each of the three seasons: the monsoon period between June and October; winter period between November and February; and summer period between March and May. The study showed that Myanmar had total net cropland area (TNCA) of 13.8 Mha. Cropland fallows during the monsoon season account for a meagre 2.4% of TNCA. However, in the winter season, 56.5% of TNCA (or 7.8 Mha) were classified as cropland fallows and during the summer season, 82.7% of TNCA (11.4 Mha) were cropland fallows. The producer’s accuracy of the cropland fallow class varied between 92 and 98% (errors of omission of 2 to 8%) and user’s accuracy varied between 82 and 92% (errors of commission of 8 to 18%) for winter and summer, respectively. Overall, the study estimated 19.2 Mha cropland fallows from the two major seasons (winter and summer). Out of this, 10.08 Mha has sufficient moisture (either from rainfall or stored soil water content) to grow short-season pulse crops. This potential with an estimated income of US$ 300 per hectare, if exploited sustainably, is estimated to bring an additional net income of about US$ 1.5 billion to Myanmar per year if at least half (5.04 Mha) of the total cropland fallows (10.08 Mha) is covered with short season pulses.  相似文献   
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