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1.
神经肽是神经系统最大、最多样化的一类信息分子,可调节动物的各种生理过程和行为。相较于脊椎动物和原口无脊椎动物,棘皮动物神经肽的研究起步较晚,而棘皮动物关键的分类地位和独特的生物学特征为其神经肽信号系统功能的研究提供了特殊背景。本文从神经肽分子的自身特性出发,对棘皮动物神经肽的作用方式、鉴定方法、功能调节及受体发掘等相关研究成果进行了综述,并对其未来的研究进行了展望。以期进一步解析神经肽在棘皮动物特殊生理行为调控中的作用机制,为棘皮动物中经济物种的高效绿色增养殖提供理论支撑。  相似文献   
2.
三江源地区美丽中国建设存在的问题、成功案例与启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨建平  康韵婕  唐凡  秦彧 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1551-1559
长江、黄河与澜沧江源区(简称三江源区)是中华与亚洲“水塔”,是我国重要的生态安全屏障与水安全保障,是三大河流域经济带的共有源地,稳藏固疆的战略要地,美丽中国建设的战略高地。掌握该地区美丽中国建设进程,发现存在的问题,及时总结典型成功案例,有助于更好建设美丽高原,服务生态文明建设与社会经济高质量发展的全国战略部署。就建设内容与进程看,目前三江源区整体仍处于物质建设阶段,除畜牧业外,缺乏其他产业,忽视文化建设,美丽缺少内涵、不可持续;就建设成效而言,美丽乡村与美丽城镇工程建设成绩显著,但配套设施严重滞后,以及游牧文化与聚落文化的冲突,美丽仍流于形式;尽管存在这些问题,但亦涌现了若干成功案例,“岗龙模式”和“甘达模式”尤为典型,为三江源其他地区美丽中国建设提供了样板与发展启示:(1)找准优势资源,最大化资源潜力、实现经济“美”是高原美丽中国建设成功的物质基础;(2)领导人/团队/致富带头人是高原美丽中国建设成功的关键核心;(3)产业与因地制宜的运作机制是高原美丽中国建设可持续的强大支撑与必由之路;(4)不断探索永远走在发展路上是美丽中国建设成功的坚实动力。  相似文献   
3.
张继光  贾学强  苏陈  贾炜 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):109-112
为解决旋挖钻机在脆性岩层或者软硬交替地层等特殊工况中加压钻进出现的钻机高频高幅振动和钻孔极易倾斜等问题,对旋挖钻机入岩的碎岩机理进行分析,找出加压钻进产生问题的原因。对减压钻进施工工艺进行研究,提出实现方式及适用范围,并进行实际工程应用,验证了旋挖钻机使用减压钻进施工的可行性。应用结果表明,特殊工况下减压钻进对降低设备的入岩振动、提高设备的结构稳定性以及保证成孔质量都具有重要作用。  相似文献   
4.
Systematic variations in atmospheric heat exchange, surface residence time, and groundwater influx across montane stream networks commonly produce an increasing stream temperature trend with decreasing elevation. However, complex stream temperature profiles that differ from this common longitudinal trend also exist, suggesting that stream temperatures may be influenced by complex interactions among hydrologic and atmospheric processes. Lakes within stream networks form one potential source of temperature profile complexity due to the spatially variable contribution of lake-sourced water to stream flow. We investigated temperature profile complexity in a multi-season stream temperature dataset collected across a montane stream network containing many alpine lakes. This investigation was performed by making comparisons between multiple statistical models that used different combinations of stream and lake characteristics to represent specific hypotheses for the controls on stream temperature. The compared models included a set of models which used a topographically derived estimate of the hydrologic influence of lakes to separate and quantify the effects of stream elevation and lake source-water contributions to longitudinal stream temperature patterns. This source-water mixing model provided a parsimonious explanation for complex stream-network temperature patterns in the summer and autumn, and this approach may be further applicable to other systems where stream temperatures are influenced by multiple water sources. Simpler models that discounted lake effects were more optimal during the winter and spring, suggesting that complex patterns in stream temperature profiles may emerge and subside temporally, across seasons, in response to diversity of water temperatures from different sources.  相似文献   
5.
Wildfire increases the potential connectivity of runoff and sediment throughout watersheds due to greater bare soil, runoff and erosion as compared to pre-fire conditions. This research examines the connectivity of post-fire runoff and sediment from hillslopes (< 1.5 ha; n = 31) and catchments (< 1000 ha; n = 10) within two watersheds (< 1500 ha) burned by the 2012 High Park Fire in northcentral Colorado, USA. Our objectives were to: (1) identify sources and quantify magnitudes of post-fire runoff and erosion at nested hillslopes and watersheds for two rain storms with varied duration, intensity and antecedent precipitation; and (2) assess the factors affecting the magnitude and connectivity of runoff and sediment across spatial scales for these two rain storms. The two summer storms that are the focus of this research occurred during the third summer after burning. The first storm had low intensity rainfall over 11 hours (return interval <1–2 years), whereas the second event had high intensity rainfall over 1 hour (return interval <1–10 years). The lower intensity storm was preceded by high antecedent rainfall and led to low hillslope sediment yields and channel incision at most locations, whereas the high intensity storm led to infiltration-excess overland flow, high sediment yields, in-stream sediment deposition and channel substrate fining. For both storms, hillslope-to-stream sediment delivery ratios and area-normalised cross-sectional channel change increased with the percent of catchment that burned at high severity. For the high intensity storm, hillslope-to-stream sediment delivery ratios decreased with unconfined channel length (%). The findings quantify post-fire connectivity and sediment delivery from hillslopes and streams, and highlight how different types of storms can cause varying magnitues and spatial patterns of sediment transport and deposition from hillslopes through stream channel networks.  相似文献   
6.
自然资源调查是实现自然资源统一管理的重要前提和基础性工作。本文通过对自然资源分类体系、调查方案和数据库组织的研究,构建了以第三次国土调查和各类专项调查数据为基础的自然资源调查监测体系,提出了新的数据库组织和更新方法,并在江苏省徐州市进行了实践验证,形成了地市级调查成果,旨在为全国范围内地级市自然资源调查工作提供参考,构建可复制、可推广的调查体系。  相似文献   
7.
沈世伟  吴飞  甘霖  姜满 《探矿工程》2021,48(1):120-128
对不同初始饱和度红砂岩冻融循环前后进行物理及力学试验研究,探讨初始饱和度对红砂岩冻融损伤的影响。本文设定红砂岩试样初始饱和度为20%、40%、60%、80%、100%,冻融次数设定为20次,对冻融前后试样分别测定质量、纵波波速以及进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:1)冻融后不同初始饱和度红砂岩的物理性质发生变化,纵波波速降低、质量减小,但变化程度不同;2)随饱和度的增大,试样经冻融后峰值强度和弹性模量均呈降低趋势,但只有饱和度大于60%时,降低趋势较明显。本文研究为寒区隧道及地下工程建设以及岩土地质灾害监测与治理提供理论依据和试验基础。  相似文献   
8.
鄂西地区五峰组-龙马溪组已成为中国南方页岩气勘探的热点领域。为深化该区页岩储层及含气性特征认识,本文以鄂宜页2井钻井及测试分析资料为基础,以笔石带为标尺,对五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色富有机质页岩的岩石学特征、有机地化特征、储集空间类型及结构特征进行深入研究,分析总结了页岩储层含气性特征及影响因素,并对页岩储层开展了综合评价。结果表明:鄂宜页2井五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色岩系缺失LM5-LM6笔石带,富有机质页岩上延至LM7笔石带,总厚度约16 m;岩性以硅质页岩夹少量硅质岩、混合质页岩和黏土质页岩为主,有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型,Ro为1.88%~2.03%,显示黑色页岩已过大量生气阶段;页岩储集空间主要为小于100 nm的有机质纳米孔、直径大于5 μm的微米孔和构造微裂缝,其中纳米孔占比超过50%,孔隙容积、比表面积与有机碳含量存在显著正相关性;现场解析总含气量为0.068~3.33 m3/t,平均1.13 m3/t,高含气量段集中于凯迪阶WF2-WF3与鲁丹阶LM2-LM4,含气量与TOC、脆性矿物含量之间具有明显的正相关性;根据TOC、含气性、脆性矿物含量以及页岩沉积环境等参数进行综合评价,Ⅰ类储层主要对应于凯迪阶WF2-WF3笔石带以及鲁丹阶LM2-LM4笔石带以深水环境下形成的硅质页岩和硅质岩层段,总厚度约9 m,是该区五峰-龙马溪组水平钻井的最佳甜点段。  相似文献   
9.
为了深入理解非静力近似下的波-湍相互作用问题,本研究在σ坐标的海洋环境研究和预报模型(MERF)中引入常用的Mellor-Yamada两方程湍混合参数化方案(MY2.5),评估垂向湍混合对小尺度背风波传播过程的影响.瞬时状态场的模拟结果表明,无论是否为非静力近似条件,上述湍参数化方案的引入都会减弱背风波传播的模拟效果.从时间平均场的试验结果来看,垂向湍混合过程会显著减小非静力近似和静力近似之间的差异.此外,能量收支分析的诊断结果表明,MY2.5方案会显著抑制陆坡地形下的背风波传播过程,进而将更多的潮能转化到不可逆的湍混合过程中.  相似文献   
10.
Hydrogeochemical based mixing models have been successfully used to investigate the composition and source identification of streamflow. The applicability of these models is limited due to the high costs associated with data collection and the hydrogeochemical analysis of water samples. Fortunately, a variety of mixing models exist, requiting different amount of data as input, and in data scarce regions it is likely that preference will be given to models with the lowest requirement of input data. An unanswered question is if models with high or low input requirement are equally accurate. To this end, the performance of two mixing models with different input requirement, the mixing model analysis (MMA) and the end-member mixing analysis (EMMA), were verified on a tropical montane headwater catchment (21.7 km2) in the Ecuadorian Andes. Nineteen hydrogeochemical tracers were measured on water samples collected weekly during 3 years in streamflow and eight potential water sources or end-members (precipitation, lake water, soil water from different horizons and springs). Results based on 6 conservative tracers, revealed that EMMA (using all tracers) and MMA (using pair-combinations out of the 6 conservative ones), identified the same end-members: rainfall, soil water and spring water., as well as, similar contribution fractions to streamflow from rainfall 21.9% and 21.4%, soil water 52.7% and 52.3%, and spring water 26.1% and 28.7%, respectively. Our findings show that a hydrogeochemical mixing model requiring a few tracers can provide similar outcomes than models demanding more tracers as input data. This underlines the value of a preliminary detailed hydrogeochemical characterization as basis to derive the most cost-efficient monitoring strategy.  相似文献   
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