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1.
某水电站坝基G23挤压蚀变破碎带成因及工程性质分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
G23挤压蚀变破碎带是某水电站坝基的主要工程地质问题.通过对该水电站枢纽区新构造运动及构造体系特征的综合分析,探讨了G23挤压蚀变破碎带的成冈机制.基于典型岩样的物相及微形貌试验成果,分析了G23带构造岩的岩性特征,明确了G23带岩体的物理性质及其转变特征,预测了该挤压蚀变破碎带在工程作用下的变化趋势.结合蚀变岩样三轴压缩试验的变形破坏规律,阐述了G23带对工程作用的响应及其对工程的影响.  相似文献   
2.
In progressing from a granitoid mylonite to an ultramylonite in the Brevard shear zone in North Carolina, Ca and LOI (H2O) increase, Si, Mg, K, Na, Ba, Sr, Ta, Cs and Th decrease, while changes in Al, Ti, Fe, P, Sc, Rb, REE, Hf, Cr and U are relatively small. A volume loss of 44% is calculated for the Brevard ultramylonite relative to an Al–Ti–Fe isocon. The increase in Ca and LOI is related to a large increase in retrograde epidote and muscovite in the ultramylonite, the decreases in K, Na, Si, Ba and Sr reflect the destruction of feldspars, and the decrease in Mg is related to the destruction of biotite during mylonitization. In an amphibolite facies fault zone separating grey and pink granitic gneisses in the Hope Valley shear zone in New England, compositional similarity suggests the ultramylonite is composed chiefly of the pink gneisses. Utilizing an Al–Ti–Fe isocon for the pink gneisses, Sc, Cr, Hf, Ta, U, Th and M-HREE are relatively unchanged, Si, LOI, K, Mg, Rb, Cs and Ba are enriched, and Ca, Na, P, Sr and LREE are lost during deformation. In contrast to the Brevard mylonite, the Hope Valley mylonite appears to have increased in volume by about 70%, chiefly in response to an introduction of quartz. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of granitoids from both shear zones are LREE-enriched and have prominent negative Eu anomalies. Although REE increase in abundance in the Brevard ultramylonites (reflecting the volume loss), the shape of the REE pattern remains unchanged. In contrast, REE and especially LREE decrease in abundance with increasing deformation of the Hope Valley gneisses. Mass balance calculations indicate that ≥95% of the REE in the Brevard rocks reside in titanite. In contrast, in the Hope Valley rocks only 15–40% of the REE can be accounted for collectively by titanite, apatite and zircon. Possible sites for the remaining REE are allanite, fluorite or grain boundaries. Loss of LREE from the pink gneisses during deformation may have resulted from decreases in allanite and perhaps apatite or by leaching ofy REE from grain boundaries by fluids moving through the shear zone. Among the element ratios most resistant to change during mylonitization in the Brevard shear zone are La/Yb, Eu/Eu*, Sm/Nd, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Cr/Th, Th/U and Hf/Ta, whereas the most stable ratios in the Hope Valley shear zone are K/Rb, Rb/Cs, Th/U, Eu/Eu*, Th/Sc, Th/Yb, Sm/Nd, Th/Ta, Hf/Ta and Hf/Yb. However, until more trace element data are available from other shear zones, these ratios should not be used alone to identify protoliths of deformed rocks.  相似文献   
3.
Ryota  Mori  Yujiro  Ogawa 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):571-581
Abstract   Structures developed in metamorphic and plutonic blocks that occur as knockers in the Mineoka Ophiolite Belt in the Boso Peninsula, central Japan, were analyzed. The aim was to understand the incorporation processes of blocks of metamorphic and plutonic rocks with an arc signature into the serpentinite mélange of the Mineoka Ophiolite Belt in relation to changes in metamorphic conditions during emplacement. Several stages of deformation during retrogressive metamorphism were identified: the first faulting stage had two substage shearing events (mylonitization) under ductile conditions inside the crystalline blocks in relatively deeper levels; and the second stage had brittle faulting and brecciation along the boundaries between the host serpentinite bodies in relatively shallower levels (zeolite facies). The first deformation occurred during uplift before emplacement. The blocks were intensively sheared by the first deformation event, and developed numerous shear planes with spacing of a few centimeters. The displacement and width of each shear plane were a few centimeters and a few millimeters, respectively, at most. In contrast, the fault zone of the second shearing stage reached a few meters in width and developed during emplacement of the Mineoka Ophiolite. Both stages occurred under a right-lateral transpressional regime, in which thrust-faulting was associated with strike-slip faulting. Such displacement on an outcrop scale is consistent with the present tectonics of the Mineoka Belt. This implies that the same tectonic stress has been operating in the Boso trench–trench–trench-type triple junction area in the northwest corner of the Pacific since the emplacement of the Mineoka Ophiolite. The Mineoka Ophiolite Belt must have worked as a forearc sliver fault during the formation of a Neogene accretionary prism further south.  相似文献   
4.
狼山构造带是华北地台北缘巨型造山带的重要组成部分,韧性剪切带是狼山构造带内的主要构造形式之一,是地壳深层次构造的反映.对狼山Ⅱ号韧性剪切带西南缘糜棱岩化硅质条带状灰岩进行地球化学特征研究,以探讨不同变形强度的糜棱岩化硅质条带状灰岩与原岩的成分变异规律.常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析结果表明,与原岩中常量元素和微量元素含量相比较,变形强度不同的硅质条带状灰岩存在着差异变化.变形岩石中常量元素仅CaO为带出组分,其他均为带入组分;微量元素中富集Rr、Sr、Ba、Pb、Ti、Cr、Cu、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf元素,Ni元素相对亏损.变形的硅质条带状灰岩与原岩的稀土元素配分模式图基本一致,表现为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾斜曲线,具有明显的负Eu异常特征,表明稀土元素在韧性剪切过程中具有一定的相对稳定性和同源性.  相似文献   
5.
方城碱性正长岩岩体产于秦岭造山带东段北秦岭构造域,侵位于新元古界栾川群黑云母、绢云母石英片岩中,主要由霓辉正长岩、霓霞正长岩、黑云母正长岩和角闪霞石正长岩组成。具有轻微绢云母化的霓辉正长岩中的锆石为无色透明的短柱状晶体,其阴极发光图像显示清晰的振荡韵律环带,锆石的LA-ICPMS分析表明岩体形成于新元古代,^ 206 Pb/^238 U加权平均年龄为(844.3±1.6)Ma(MSWD=0.86)。而靠近断裂带的糜棱岩化和强烈绢云母化霓辉正长岩中的锆石则为淡黄-黄褐色半透明颗粒,其阴极发光和背散射电子图像显示其裂隙非常发育,有时为钾长石穿插呈海绵状,仅个别颗粒的局部区域仍可见残留的岩浆锆石的环带结构。LA-ICPMS分析结果表明,交代蚀变所形成的热液锆石的Pb、U、Th含量显著增高,而且成分极不均一,含量变化范围很大,U、Th含量分别在32-1550μg/g和188—4059μg/g之间。锆石Th/U比值具有很大的变化范围,Th/U=0.7—44.9。热液锆石。^ 206 Pb/^238 U表面年龄与其U、放射成因Pb及普通Pb含量成反比。由于岩浆锆石U、Th含量较低,其α衰变放射性剂量较小(Dα=3.65×10^14-2.04×10^15/mg),因此扩散作用所引起的放射成因铅的活动性可忽略不计,所以糜棱岩化、绢云母化霓辉正长岩中锆石U—Pb体系的扰动应是糜棱岩化对锆石晶体结构的损伤和强烈热液交代的结果。由于热液锆石的形成经历了溶解-再沉积等复杂的过程,其U-Pb年龄(不一致线下交点年龄)的地质意义并不明确。  相似文献   
6.
夏斌  林清茶  张玉泉 《地质学报》2006,80(2):287-293
本文在野外工作基础上,系统研究了云南大平糜棱岩化碱性花岗岩岩石结构构造、矿物组成、主微量元素和锆石特征等。根据岩体本身还残留有层理,在糜棱岩化之前的岩石具花岗变晶结构和含有反映区域变质成因的钠铁闪石造岩矿物,以及锆石高度富集和显示有一定层位等,认为云南大平糜棱岩化碱性花岗岩为沉积变质成因。  相似文献   
7.
晓天—磨子潭断裂作为北大别带与北淮阳带的地表分界线,是大别造山带内重要的折返边界之一。本次工作在详细的野外观察、糜棱岩化过程中温-压条件的计算、糜棱岩中石英C轴组构分析等一系列工作的基础上,计算晓天—磨子潭断裂内同造山糜棱岩化过程的运动学涡度和应变速率。变形温-压条件指示糜棱岩形成于30~40km的深部,明显大于早白垩世以来的剥蚀深度,指示断裂带糜棱岩化过程发生于同造山折返过程中。涡度分析表明,断裂带的涡度值大于0.9,指示其变形以简单剪切变形为主,并说明大别造山带同造山晚期折返的驱动力表现为浮力。显微构造与石英C轴组构分析均指示了一致的上盘向NW的运动方式。断裂带同造山糜棱岩化过程的应变速率为10-10s-1左右,表明造山带峰期变质之后的折返过程是非常快速的。  相似文献   
8.
对郯庐断裂带南段两条典型的中深层次的声望生剪切带中的糜棱岩的系统研究,揭示了韧性剪切变莆作用对岩石化学级份迁移活化的制约和影响,在对活动组分迁移得失的模拟计算的基础,建立岩石组分迁移变化的变质反应化学方程式,综合讨论了流体在糜凌岩化过程中所起的重要作用。  相似文献   
9.
鞍山地区的铁矿体主要处于三条巨大的韧性变形带中。在这些韧性变形带的形成过程中,组成铁矿体的磁铁石英岩经历了两次糜棱岩化作用的改造,早期磁铁矿为塑性变形,晚期磁铁矿为脆性变形,与此同时,在构造置换、剪切分异和流体参加等因素的影响下,磁铁石英岩中的条带状构造经历了两期从破坏到形成的旋回,组成条带的矿物组分重新迁移和分配,形成一系列反映其形成阶段和变形特点的条带状构造。  相似文献   
10.
自然条件下锆石的稳定性对于合理解释锆石年龄及深入理解锆石同位素年代学有重要意义。本文对西南三江造山带高黎贡山和西盟地区的花岗质糜棱岩进行了显微构造和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。高黎贡山和西盟糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物长石、石英、云母发生了明显的变形和重结晶,而锆石则以独立晶体或以残留核的形式保存了原始的岩浆结构。高黎贡山和西盟糜棱岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为513±8 Ma和459±2 Ma,代表花岗质原岩的时代。受新生代构造变质影响,锆石边部发育有窄的海绵状结构和溶蚀结构,指示变质重结晶作用发生在有少量流体参与条件下。石英变质机制为颗粒边界迁移重结晶,指示变形温度为500~700°C。石英C组构EBSD分析表明,糜棱岩经历了早期550~650°C和晚期400~550°C的递进变形作用。岩石显微构造、锆石结构及年代学研究结果表明,岩石糜棱岩化过程中,还有少量流体参与的情况下,温度在550~650°C时锆石晶体结构就受到破坏,发生变质重结晶作用。这为解释自然界复杂条件下锆石年龄提供了重要约束。  相似文献   
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