古太平洋板块俯冲-增生时限：饶河增生杂岩的地球化学和年代学制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩伟  周建波 《岩石学报》2020,36(3):703-725

饶河杂岩作为那丹哈达增生杂岩的主体,是古太平洋板块西向俯冲的直接证据。饶河增生杂岩组成与增生过程的研究对限定古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲与增生过程具有重要的指示意义。本文在野外地质调查和饶河大岱地区大比例尺填图基础上,明确了饶河杂岩主要由枕状玄武岩、辉长岩以及大洋板块沉积地层(OPS)组成,这些岩石均呈构造透镜体状分布在海沟沉积物中,并被中生代花岗质岩脉所穿切,因此为限定饶河增生杂岩的组成、增生和就位时代提供了关键制约。地球化学数据表明玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学属性。LA-ICPMS锆石测试结果表明该地区玄武岩和辉长岩的形成时代分别为166±2Ma和214±5Ma,限定了饶河杂岩中镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石的形成时代为晚三叠世至中侏罗世。结合该区粉砂质泥岩和砂岩的沉积时代下限分别为167±3Ma和133±4Ma,表明饶河杂岩的增生时代为167～133Ma,此外样品的碎屑年龄信息表明基质的物源为邻近的佳木斯地块和中亚造山带东段,其中前寒武的碎屑年龄在中国东北的多个陆块均有出现,可能源于早前存在的前寒武纪基底。本文测得侵入饶河杂岩的2个二长花岗岩形成年龄分别为126±1Ma和105±2Ma,表明饶河杂岩中的花岗岩脉主要形成于两个阶段,其中较老的花岗岩侵入体进一步限定了饶河杂岩的最终就位时代为133Ma至126Ma,表明古太平洋板块在中侏罗世至早白垩世存在西向俯冲-增生作用,为古太平洋板块的构造演化提供了重要的制约。  相似文献   

Are carbonate barrier islands mobile? Insights from a mid to late-Holocene system,Al Ruwais,northern Qatar     

John Rivers  Max Engel  Robert Dalrymple  Ruqaiya Yousif  Christian J. Strohmenger  Ismail Al-Shaikh 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):534-558

Barrier islands are important landforms in many coastal systems around the globe. Studies of modern barrier island systems are mostly limited to those of siliciclastic realms, where the islands are recognized as mobile features that form on transgressive coastlines and migrate landward as sea-level rises. Barrier islands of the ‘Great Pearl Bank’ along the United Arab Emirates coast are the best-known carbonate examples. These Holocene islands, however, are interpreted to be anchored by older deposits and immobile. The mid-Holocene to late-Holocene depositional system at Al Ruwais, northern Qatar, provides an example of a mobile carbonate barrier island system, perhaps more similar to siliciclastic equivalents. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses, as well as ¹⁴C-dating of shells and biogenic remains from vibracored sediments and surface deposits, show that after 7000 years ago a barrier system with a narrow back-barrier lagoon formed along what is now an exposed coastal zone, while, contemporaneously, a laterally-extensive coral reef was forming immediately offshore. After 1400 years ago the barrier system was forced to step ca 3 km seaward in response to a sea-level fall of less than 2 m, where it re-established itself directly on the mid-Holocene reef. Since that time, the barrier has retreated landward as much as 1000 m to its current position, exposing previously-deposited back-barrier lagoonal sediment at the open-coast shoreline. In modern neritic warm-water carbonate settings mobile barrier island systems are rare. Their construction and migration may be inhibited by reef formation, early cementation, and the relative inefficiency of sourcing beach sediments from open carbonate shelves. Carbonate barrier island systems likely formed more commonly during geological periods when ramps and unrimmed shelves predominated and in calcite seas, when meteoric cementation was minimized as a result of initial calcitic allochem mineralogy. As with their siliciclastic analogues, however, recognition of the influence of these transient landforms in the rock record is challenging.  相似文献   

Facies and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Mural Limestone (Albian), Arizona: Carbonate response to global and local factors and implications for reservoir characterization     

Rachel Aisner-Williams  Charles Kerans 《Sedimentology》2020,67(7):3735-3768

This study documents the detailed facies and sequence stratigraphic architecture of a multi-cyclic patch-reef and its associated ramp interior facies that formed during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b in the Mural Limestone, Arizona, USA. Ramp interior facies are comprised of bedded wackestone/packstone, rudist build-up and coral–algal patch-reef facies located north of Bisbee, Arizona, at the Grassy Hill locality. The larger multi-cyclic patch-reef that developed coevally ca 5 km to the south of Grassy Hill consists of a high-angle windward margin with a narrow ca 70 m long reef frame containing vertically zonated Microsolena, Actinastrea, diverse branching coral and rudist assemblages, and an 870 m long low-angle leeward margin comprised of reef debris rudstone and grainstone shoal facies. Similar reef geomorphology and orientation is documented across the Gulf of Mexico and reflects the shelf-wide north to north-east-trending prevailing wind and current energies. Controls affecting reef formation and growth patterns include changes in accommodation space associated with low-amplitude global sea-level rise and regional thermotectonic subsidence, local accommodation space and nutrient fluctuations associated with the inner shelf depositional setting within a humid and siliciclastic-rich environment. Four aggradational to retrogradational high-frequency sequences are documented in Arizona: High-frequency sequences 1 and 2 represent the first pulse of patch-reef development in an overall second-order marine transgression over the Sonora/Bisbee Shelf. These sequences correlate to δ¹³C signatures associated with Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b across the Gulf of Mexico and suggest that carbonate reefs persisted on the ramp interior during this time. High-frequency sequences 3 and 4 record a second brief transgression and backstepping of reef facies followed by the final regression of shallow shelf carbonates that correlates to more robust patch-reef development in Sonora, Mexico. The patch-reef at Paul Spur is an excellent outcrop analogue for productive patch-reefs in the Maverick Basin (Comanche Shelf) of Texas. Detailed facies mapping of this outcrop analogue shows that the greatest reservoir potential is contained within the backreef grainstone shoals where primary porosity of up to 15% is observed.  相似文献   

Adding the missing third and fourth dimensions to trajectory analysis in carbonate systems     

Philipp Tesch  Robert S. Reece  James R. Markello  Juan Carlos Laya  Michael C. Pope 《Basin Research》2020,32(2):388-401

We developed a seismic geomorphology-based procedure to enhance traditional trajectory analysis with the ability to visualize and quantify lateral variability along carbonate prograding-margin types (ramps and rimmed shelves) in 3D and 4D. This quantitative approach analysed the shelf break geometric evolution of the Oligo-Miocene carbonate clinoform system in the Browse Basin and delineated the feedback between antecedent topography and carbonate system response as controlling factor on shelf break rugosity. Our geometrical analysis identified a systematic shift in the large-scale average shelf break strike direction over a transect of 10 km from 62° to 55° in the Oligo-Miocene interval of the Browse Basin, which is likely controlled by far-field allogenic forcing from the Timor Trough collision zone. Plotting of 3D shelf break trajectories represents a convenient way to visualize the lateral variability in shelf break evolution. Shelf break trajectories that indicate contemporaneous along-strike progradation and retrogradation correlate with phases of autogenic slope system re-organization and may be a proxy for morphological stability of the shelf break. Shelf break rugosity and shelf break trajectory rugosity are not inherited parameters and antecedent topography does not dictate long-term differential movement of the shelf margin through successive depositional sequences. The autogenic carbonate system response to antecedent topography smooths high-rugosity areas by filling accommodation and maintains a relatively constant shelf break rugosity of ~150 m. Color-coding of the vertical component in the shelf break trajectory captures the creation and filling of accommodation, and highlights areas of the transect that are likely to yield inconsistent 2D sequence stratigraphic interpretations.  相似文献   

Sedimentary processes,stratigraphic sequences and middens: the link between archaeology and geoheritage—a case study from the Quaternary of the Broome region,Western Australia     

P. Clifford 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(6):955-972

The cliffed and active dune coastal region of Broome provides an excellent record of Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy of desert environments interfacing with the Indian Ocean. The Mesozoic Broome Sandstone is the basal stratigraphic unit in the area and is overlain by Pleistocene red desert quartz sand (Mowanjum Sand). Modern coastal processes of waves, wind and tide have resulted in distinctive sedimentary bodies (stratigraphic units) clearly linked to the sedimentary environment. The Mowanjum Sand, reworked by coastal winds, generates the landward-ingressing orange quartzose Churchill Sand, or reworked by waves and abraded to white sand with the addition of carbonate grains that form the beaches (Cable Beach Sand) and with eolian action, coastal dunes or inland-ingressing white dunes (Shoonta Hill Sand). These sedimentary bodies and stratigraphic units form a template with which to locate and interpret archaeological middens and Indigenous occupation over the past 5000?years in a context of coastal occupation, coastal stability, mean sea-level changes, climate changes, and availability of marine food and freshwater. Shell middens and stone artefacts form definitive layers or horizons in relation to the stratigraphy, in places in situ, and elsewhere reworked as sheets and plumes; understanding their inter-relationships has enabled the unravelling of the archaeological history and relating Indigenous occupation to biofacies and lithofacies. The array of sedimentary, biofacies and stratigraphic units are of national geoheritage significance in their own right. The addition of archaeological deposits as stratigraphic units provides a link between geoheritage and archaeology, where the archaeological materials are viewed as part of the complex stratigraphic story, part of the coastal history, and part of the geoheritage story.  相似文献   

New Devonian plant fossil occurrences on the New South Wales South Coast: geological implications     

R. L. Dunstone 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(1):57-70

Devonian fossil localities are summarised for coastal southeastern Australia, including both marine invertebrates representing a major late Frasnian (Late Devonian) transgression, and plant remains of Middle–Late Devonian age in associated non-marine strata. Lycopsid plant specimens (Leptophloeum) from near Majors Creek, NSW, first documented by Edgeworth David and E. F. Pittman in association with marine fossils to demonstrate a Late Devonian age, are illustrated for the first time. Lycopsid plants of presumed Middle Devonian age are illustrated from three new localities: Yowrie River inland from Cape Dromedary, Tuross River northwest of Narooma and Charlies Forest Road northeast of Braidwood. The Yowrie River occurrence (in float) indicates probable Middle Devonian strata upstream that are not shown on published maps. The Tuross River occurrence is in sheared and folded strata previously mapped as Ordovician, and the Braidwood occurrence demonstrates Devonian black shales adjacent to previously mapped Ordovician. Evidence supporting alternative thrust or simple fold interpretations for the Budawang Synclinorium is discussed, and relevant Ordovician fossil localities are listed.  相似文献   

国际蓝碳合作发展与中国的选择   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵鹏  胡学东 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):613-619

海洋储存了地球上93%的CO_2,是全球最大的碳库。发挥海洋固碳、储碳作用,对应对全球气候变化具有重要意义。《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》是2020年后国际气候治理的基础,为国际蓝碳合作指明了方向,也提供了国际法依据。当前,国际蓝碳合作从科学研究向纳入国际气候治理方向不断推进,不少国际组织和国家已着手推动蓝碳国际规则制定。中国蓝碳资源分布广泛,特色鲜明,蓝碳发展起步阶段里中国的参与不仅是对全球应对气候变化的重要贡献,更有助于通过蓝碳合作增强我国在全球气候治理和海洋治理领域的影响力和话语权。我国蓝碳发展应从国内、国际两个方面着手。在国内夯实基础、补足短板,加强蓝碳基础研究和实践,建立蓝碳评估标准,加快蓝碳人才队伍建设。在国际上积极参与现有国际蓝碳计划,在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"等机制框架下开展双、多边蓝碳合作,推动全球蓝碳治理,从积极参与向适时引领发展。  相似文献   

基于观测的南海西沙海域深层近惯性振荡特征分析     

江森汇  吴泽文  舒勰俊 《海洋通报》2019,38(5):543-552

近惯性内波运动普遍存在于全球大洋中,影响大洋中的质量、动量和能量输送,是大气强迫与海洋混合之间的重要纽带。由于目前海洋深层观测资料的缺乏,对于深层近惯性内波生消演变特征研究甚少。利用2009-2012年的潜标观测资料,采用带通滤波和谱分析方法研究了南海西沙海域深层近惯性内波生成、传播和消亡等演变特征。通过研究发现,南海西沙海域深层存在较强的近惯性振荡,其生成源为台风过境能量输入,绝大部分时段内,近惯性振荡能量在海洋浅层耗散,不向海洋深层传播;仅在少部分时段内,近惯性振荡能量的80%～85%耗散在500 m以浅区域,有大概15%～20%继续向海洋深层传播。  相似文献   

基于正交匹配追踪的声层析方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李倩倩  史娟  李整林  罗宇  阳凡林  张凯 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(11):149-157

声速剖面的变化会对声传播产生较大的影响，经验正交函数模型经常用来实现对声速剖面数据的简化描述。然而在内波、湍流等海水不均匀性存在时，这种正则化操作会造成声速重构精度的大幅降低。本文利用字典学习生成声速剖面的非正交原子，在稀疏编码时采用正交匹配追踪（OMP，Orthogonal Matching Pursuit）算法，更新字典则使用KSVD （Kernel Singular Value Decomposition）的字典更新算法。由于字典学习不需要强制使用正交条件，对于训练数据更加灵活，从而可以使用少数的原子组合达到更高的重构精度。利用一次浅海声学实验多次测量的声速剖面研究了海水声速剖面的经验正交函数表示和字典学习，研究表明：相比于正交函数表示，学习字典可以利用少数原子（甚至一个原子）更好的解释声速剖面扰动。字典学习可以提高声速剖面的稀疏性，从而提高声速剖面的反演精度。  相似文献   

多能互补海洋能集成发电技术研究综述     

王世明  李泽宇  于涛  马晨倍 《海洋通报》2019,38(3)

介绍了国内外基于风能、太阳能、波浪能和潮流能等海上可再生能源进行多能互补集成发电的研究发展情况,从不同技术研究侧重点、不同装置机理差异性和多能互补集成发电方式等方面进行了概括和综述,对已有设备和理论研究等进行了对比,评述了目前海洋多能互补集成发电技术研究中存在的主要问题以及未来的研究发展趋势,指出未来海洋能源集成发电需在离岸化、新材料、大型化和阵列布局等方面进行技术研究和攻关。  相似文献