The potential of Pléiades images with high angle of incidence for reconstructing the coastal cliff face in Normandy (France)     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

To monitor chalk cliff face along the Normandy coast (NW France) which is prone to erosion, we tested the potential of cliff face 3D reconstruction using pairs of images with high angle of incidence at different dates from the agile Pléiades satellites. The verticality aspect of the cliff face brings difficulties in the 3D reconstruction process. Furthermore, the studied area is challenging mainly because the cliff face is north-oriented (shadow). Pléiades images were acquired over several days (multi-date stereoscopic method) with requested incidence angles until 40°. 3D reconstructions of the cliff face were compared using two software: ASP® and ERDAS IMAGINE®. Our results are twofold. Firstly, despite ASP® provides denser point clouds than ERDAS IMAGINE® (an average of 1.60 points/m² from 40° incidence angle stereoscopic pairs on the whole cliff face of Varengeville-sur-Mer against 0.77 points/m² respectively), ERDAS IMAGINE® provides more reliable point clouds than ASP® (precision assessment on the Varengeville-sur-Mer cliff face of 0.31 m ± 2.53 and 0.39 m ± 4.24 respectively), with a better spatial distribution over the cliff face and a better representation of the cliff face shape. Secondly, the quality of 3D reconstructions depends mostly on the amount of noise from raw images and on the shadow intensity on the cliff face (radiometric quality of images).  相似文献   

中国蛇绿岩与造山带大地构造研究:前言     

翟庆国  高俊  宋述光 《岩石学报》2019,35(10):2943-2947

<正>肖序常院士是我国著名的构造地质学家,他一生致力于蛇绿岩与中国大地构造的研究工作,为中国西部青藏高原、中亚造山带等地区的区域构造与大地构造,以及有关能源、矿产勘查等的研究做出了重要贡献。在肖先生90华诞暨从事地质事业70年之际,我们出版本专辑,向先生致敬!以此  相似文献   

Impact of fractional probability distributions on statistics of hydraulic conductivity,dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport at a low-permeability site     

Chengpeng Lu  Wei Qin  Ching-Sheng Huang  Yong Zhang  Tema Koketso Ealotswe 《水文研究》2020,34(21):4112-4127

The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and fractional Lévy motion (fLm) can easily describe the geometry and the statistical structure of hydraulic conductivity (K) for real-world. However, the fBm and fLm models have not been systematically evaluated when building the K field for a low-permeability site. In this study, both the fBm and fLm are used to simulate the low-K field at NingCheGu (NCG), Tianjin, China. Groundwater flow and solute transport are then computed using MODFLOW and MT3DMS, respectively, and the influence of the fBm/fLm models for K on groundwater flow and solute transport is discussed. Results show that the fLm fits better the statistics of the low-K medium than fBm, and the random logarithmic K (LnK) field generated by fLm is more stable because the resultant LnK field captures more of the measured properties at the field site than that generated by fBm. In contrast, the LnK generated by fBm is more likely to form both high-K channels and low-K barriers. The fBm therefore predicts more extreme behaviours in flow and transport, including the preferential flow, low-concentration blocks and solute retention. The overall groundwater renewal period and solute travel time for the fLm simulation are slightly shorter than those for fBm. The impacts of the fLm and fBm models on the statistics of the resultant LnK fields and the dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport revealed by this study shed light on the selection and evaluation of the fractional probability distribution models in capturing the K fields for low-K media.  相似文献   

大洋地幔橄榄岩-铬铁矿中的金刚石和深地幔再循环     

杨经绥 《地质力学学报》2020,26(5):731-741

全球多地蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现微粒金刚石，并在中国西藏南部和俄罗斯乌拉尔北部的蛇绿岩铬铁矿中发现原位产出的金刚石，认为是地球上金刚石的一种新的产出类型，不同于金伯利岩型金刚石和超高压变质型金刚石。它们与呈斯石英假象的柯石英、高压相的铬铁矿和青松矿等高压矿物以及碳硅石和单质矿物等强还原矿物伴生，指示蛇绿岩中的这些矿物组合形成于深度150~300 km或者更深的地幔。金刚石具有很轻的C同位素组成（δ13C-18‰~-28‰），并出现多种含Mn矿物和壳源成分包裹体。研究认为它们曾是早期深俯冲的地壳物质，达到>300 km深部地幔或地幔过渡带后，经历了熔融并产生新的流体，后者在上升过程中结晶成新的超高压、强还原矿物组合，通过地幔对流或地幔柱作用被带回到浅部地幔，由此建立了一个俯冲物质深地幔再循环的新模式。蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现金刚石等深部矿物，质疑了蛇绿岩铬铁矿形成于浅部地幔的已有认识，引发了一系列新的科学问题，提出了新的研究方向。   相似文献   

Developments in the stratigraphy of the Deccan Volcanic Province,peninsular India     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(7):461-476

The Deccan Volcanic Province has been considered as one of the largest magmatic regions, involving an aerial coverage of ca. 500,000 km². It is subdivided into four sub-provinces, and holds a unique position in global tectonic models for understanding earth's geodynamics and the impact of voluminous eruptions on the contemporary biosystem and climate system. Published stratigraphic data suggest that volcanic eruption took place from 69 to 64 million years (Ma) ago when the Indian plate passed over the Réunion hotspot. The main phase of volcanic activity consisting of about 80% of total basaltic lava, erupted rapidly, during a short span (<1 Ma) or even less (two or three hundred thousand years), close to chron 29R, straddling to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Recent high-precision age data show that the main volcanic phase is genetically linked to the Chicxulub impact and plume-head of the hotspot, and largely contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. To assess the links of the province to the K–Pg boundary, Chicxulub impact, Réunion plume, and Late Cretaceous global climate crisis, it is crucial to have a current state of knowledge of the understanding of its stratigraphy. A review of published data shows a surge in the province research that has considerably advanced the understanding of its stratigraphy. This province is intercalated with numerous infra- and intertrappean sedimentary beds that have yielded diverse biota, providing a reliable relative time control for duration of the volcanic activity. This paper presents a review of the stratigraphic developments of the province (lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy) from the very beginning to the present, and discusses the role of the Réunion plume in its formation.  相似文献   

离散Fréchet距离在强震台站场地分类中的应用     

梁基冠  程印  赵岑 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):731-741

当强震台站场地资料不完整时，所收集到的强震数据因缺乏准确的场地类别信息而难以有效利用。为解决这一问题，本文提出一种基于离散Fréchet距离的强震台站场地分类方法。将获取到的664个KiK-net台站场地按照《建筑抗震设计规范（GB 50011—2010）》进行分类，并构建2个数据集。利用数据集1得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类场地标准谱比曲线，并结合离散Fréchet距离对数据集2中的台站进行场地分类，统计分类成功率与误判率。统计结果表明，本文方法能较准确地对场地进行分类，且误判率在可接受范围内。将本文方法分类统计结果与斯皮尔曼秩相关系数法分类的成功率与误判率进行对比，结合本文方法分类后得到的平均谱比曲线，均可表明应用本文方法进行强震台站场地分类具有合理性。  相似文献   

Radiolarian‐based study on the fabric and the formation process of the Early Cretaceous mélange near Zhongba,Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone,southern Tibet     

Xin Li  Atsushi Matsuoka  Yalin Li  Yushuai Wei  Chengshan Wang 《Island Arc》2019,28(1)

The Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ), as the southernmost and youngest among the sutures that subdivides the Tibetan Plateau into several east–west trending blocks, marks where the Neo‐Tethys was consumed as the Indian continent moved northward and collided against the Eurasian continent. Mélanges in the YTSZ represent the remnants of the oceanic plate through subduction and collision. Mélanges are characterized by a highly sheared volcanoclastic or siliceous mudstone matrix including blocks of chert, claystone, and basalt. Detailed radiolarian analyses are conducted on the mélange near Zhongba County. Macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic observations are combined in order to elucidate the relationships among age, lithology, and structure of blocks in the mélange. Reconstructed ocean plate stratigraphy includes Lower Jurassic limestone within the chert sequence accumulated at a depth near the CCD (Unit 2), Upper Jurassic thin‐bedded chert interbedded with claystone deposited in the wide ocean basin (Unit 3), and Lower Cretaceous chert with siliceous mudstone (Units 4 and 5), representing the middle parts of ocean plate stratigraphy. The results highlight the fabric of brecciated chert on mesoscopic scale, which is thought to be due to localized overpressure. The formation of mesoscopic and microscopic block‐in‐matrix fabrics in the mélange is proposed for the chert and siliceous mudstone bearing different extents of consolidation and competence during the progressive deformation of accreted sediments at shallow‐level subduction.  相似文献   

Symmetric matrix-valued transmitting boundary formulation in the time-domain for soil–structure interaction problems     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

  相似文献   

一种基于Fréchet距离的断裂等高线内插算法     

郝志伟  李成名  殷勇  武鹏达  吴伟 《测绘通报》2019,(1):65-68,74

等高线内插是提高地形图精度的一个常用手段，在地图综合等领域中有很重要的作用。在实际地形图数据库中，等高线除了存在完整的计曲线以外，还有一部分断裂的首曲线。已有的等高线内插研究中未考虑对此类数据的处理，为此，本文提出了一种基于Fréchet距离的断裂等高线内插算法。首先提出了等高线度量关系的计算方法，然后对等高线的节点均匀加密，并利用Fréchet距离进行相似度判断以选择参考等高线，最后根据“最近点”的方式进行插值。通过对江苏某地区实际数据的试验，验证了该算法的合理性，对于鞍部地区的内插，有更好的适应性和准确性。  相似文献   

对雅鲁藏布江结合带形成演化的再探讨     

张鑫全  张振利  王金贵  王硕  杨鑫朋  专少鹏  侯德华  张泽国  张立国  程洲 《中国地质》2020,47(4):944-970

通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。  相似文献