Effects of rainfall,overland flow and their interactions on peatland interrill erosion processes          下载免费PDF全文

Changjia Li  Joseph Holden  Richard Grayson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(7):1451-1464

Interrill erosion processes on gentle slopes are affected by mechanisms of raindrop impact, overland flow and their interaction. However, limited experimental work has been conducted to understand how important each of the mechanisms are and how they interact, in particular for peat soil. Laboratory simulation experiments were conducted on peat blocks under two slopes (2.5° and 7.5°) and three treatments: Rainfall, where rainfall with an intensity of 12 mm h^?1 was simulated; Inflow, where upslope overland flow at a rate of 12 mm h^?1 was applied; and Rainfall + Inflow which combined both Rainfall and Inflow. Overland flow, sediment loss and overland flow velocity data were collected and splash cups were used to measure the mass of sediment detached by raindrops. Raindrop impact was found to reduce overland flow by 10 to 13%, due to increased infiltration, and reduce erosion by 47% on average for both slope gradients. Raindrop impact also reduced flow velocity (80–92%) and increased roughness (72–78%). The interaction between rainfall and flow was found to significantly reduce sediment concentrations (73–85%). Slope gradient had only a minor effect on overland flow and sediment yield. Significantly higher flow velocities and sediment yields were observed under the Rainfall + Inflow treatment compared to the Rainfall treatment. On average, upslope inflow was found to increase erosion by 36%. These results indicate that overland flow and erosion processes on peat hillslopes are affected by upslope inflow. There was no significant relationship between interrill erosion and overland flow, whereas stream power had a strong relationship with erosion. These findings help improve our understanding of the importance of interrill erosion processes on peat. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

福建屏南天湖山泥炭腐殖化度记录的早全新世以来气候变化     

胡凡根  李志忠  姜修洋  靳建辉  张辉  赵倩  马鹏 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2011,6(3):31-39

以14C测年为基础,构建了天湖山泥炭剖面的年代序列,通过对研究区泥炭腐殖化度与有机质的分析研究,发现两者呈现出很好的相关性,共同记录了研究区约9．5kaBP以来的气候变化,可划分出3个主要阶段：1）早期（9．5 ka BP-6．3 ka BP）泥炭腐殖化度最低,指示气候湿热,其中7．9ka BP-6．3kaBP为整个剖...  相似文献   

大气环境变化的泥炭地质档案   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

鲍锟山  赵红梅  于晓菲  吕宪国  王国平 《地质论评》2011,57(2):234-242

雨养泥炭沼泽是一种重要的泥炭沼泽类型,具有全球广泛分布的特点,其养分补给主要源于大气降水(包括雨、雪和空气尘埃).它是一个记录大气环境变化的积极的信息储备系统,记录有大气输入的海盐气溶胶、沙尘颗粒、酸沉降、重金属和有机污染物等信息.采用地质定年技术将泥炭深度剖面转化到年代坐标上,并结合泥炭生物地球化学指标检测分析,提取...  相似文献   

中国泥炭矿成矿规律与开发利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

饶娇萍  贾沁贤  王登红  刘丽君  代鸿章  郭唯明 《地质学报》2020,94(1):192-203

泥炭是具有重要意义的新兴产业矿产，是传统矿产向新兴产业矿产“华丽转身”的典型。全球泥炭资源的总量约为5000亿吨，我国的泥炭资源总量仅为124. 96亿吨，资源量较为丰富，质量中等，但需要量在上升。我国泥炭的分布具有普遍性和不均匀性，成矿时代为第四纪(全新世)，更早的泥炭多已经历成煤的早期阶段而转变为褐煤。我国的泥炭矿床类型主要以富营养草本泥炭为主，木本为辅，藓类泥炭次之。本文在对1988年全国泥炭报告中罗列的5719处泥炭矿产地进行梳理的基础上，总结其成矿规律，根据资源规模厘定出5个大型矿集区，7个中小型矿集区，3个大型预测区，为泥炭勘查工作提供依据。离最近一次全国泥炭资源调查已30年，多处泥炭地由于全球气候变化、城市化发展等原因而消失，非常有必要重新评估。需要强调的是，泥炭的用途已经不再是“燃料”矿产，不再主要用于取暖，而在节能环保、生物等战略性新兴产业中发挥特殊作用，故应该从生态文明建设、碳汇、环境保护、生物技术等角度创新定位其功能和用途。鉴于泥炭的新用途及其利用趋势，《中国矿产地质志》编委会建议将其定位为非金属矿产而非“能源”矿产，据此提出开发利用建议。  相似文献   

The climate of Scotland over the last 5000 years inferred from multiproxy peatland records: inter‐site correlations and regional variability     

Peter G. Langdon  Keith E. Barber 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(6):549-566

The mid to late‐Holocene climates of most of Scotland have been reconstructed from seven peat bogs located across north–south and east–west geographical and climatological gradients. The main techniques used for palaeoclimatic reconstruction were plant macrofossil, colorimetric humification, and testate amoebae analyses, which were supported by a radiocarbon‐based chronology, aided by markers such as tephra isochrons and recent rises in pine pollen and in spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs). Field stratigraphy was undertaken at each site in order to show that the changes detected within the peat profiles were replicable. Proxy climate records were reconstructed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the plant macrofossil data and a mean water table depth transfer function on the testate amoebae data. These reconstructions, coupled with the humification data, were standardised for each site and used to produce a composite record of bog surface wetness (BSW) from each site. The results show coherent wet and dry phases over the last 5000 years and suggest regional differences in climate across Scotland, specifically between northern and southern Scotland. Distinct climatic cycles are identified, all of which record a millennial‐scale periodicity which can be correlated with previously identified marine and ice core Holocene cycles. The key role of the macrofossil remains of Sphagnum imbricatum, a taxon now extinct on many sites, is discussed in relation to the identified climatic shifts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Peat mounds of southwest Tasmania: Possible origins     

M. K. Macphail  M. Pemberton  G. Jacobson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):667-677

Small mounds of peat rise several metres above the level of the water‐table at Melaleuca Inlet and Louisa Plains on the buttongrass plains in southwest Tasmania. Possible origins of the peat mounds have been explored by pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a set of samples taken from a vertical section of one peat mound at Melaleuca. The peat accumulation is entirely of Holocene age although the mound is underlain by sapric peats preserving a cold climate palynoflora of probable Late Pleistocene age. Peats at and near the base of the mound accumulated under a heath sedgeland during the earliest Holocene while after about 7630 a BP the peat‐forming vegetation was shrub‐dominated. The radiocarbon data indicate two main phases of overall peat accumulation, between 7630 and 5340 a BP (Middle Holocene) and between 4450 and 450 a BP (Late Holocene), that were interrupted by a wildfire which burnt into the surface peats. The maintenance of high surface and internal levels of moisture almost certainly was the critical factor behind the low incidence of in situ fires burning into the surface peats on the mound. The perennial influx of groundwater below the mound is a possible origin that fits well with our observations, although the expansion and contraction of soils cannot be discounted as an initiating factor. Enhanced nutrient input from birds may have helped promote growth in the peat‐forming communities. The data do not support the mounds being eroded remnants of a former blanket peat cover or being due to periglacial activity. The peat mounds of southwest Tasmania deserve maximum protection because of their rarity in the Australian landscape and, it seems, elsewhere.  相似文献   

晚更新世末期东亚季风活动与陆架区沉积环境变迁     

韩德亮  于洪军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(6):911-916

从距今 18 0 0 0年的最后冰期最盛时期到距今 10 0 0 0年开始的全新世海侵 ,全球气侯发生过急剧的变化。位于亚洲东部的古季风活动也经历了盛衰变化。大量的钻孔及浅地层剖面分析资料已经证实 ,冰期最盛时期陆架区古季风活动加强 ,陆架出现了沙漠环境与黄土沉积。当冰期结束 ,气候转暖 ,冬季风减弱之际 ,南黄海陆架及长江三角洲一带的沙漠与黄土分布范围也随之缩小 ,原先的沙漠活动区变成了黄土分布区 ,也就是所谓硬粘土沉积区。随着古季风活动的进一步衰退和海面的不断升高 ,来自陆架区的东北风变为冷湿气流。长江三角洲地区和陆架上出现了有利于沼泽发育的环境 ,全新世海侵把泥炭层淹没。陆架区晚更新世末期以来的地层中出现沙层、硬粘土和泥炭层的沉积序列 ,即“三元沉积结构”,是古冬季风盛衰过程的最好记录  相似文献   

天目山千亩田泥炭腐殖化度记录的中全新世气候变化   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

尹茜  朱诚  马春梅  王富葆  赵志平  郑朝贵  黄林燕  田晓四 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(6):117-122

以14C测年为基础,构建了天目山千亩田地区泥炭沼泽剖面年龄-深度模式曲线,通过该区的腐殖化度与烧失量分析研究,发现两者呈现出很好的相关性,共同记录了该地区4 200 aBP以来的气候变化,可划分出3个主要阶段:早期(4 135±40~3 200 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏低,指示气候湿热;中期(3 200~630 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏高,指示气候温凉偏干;晚期(630 aBP以来),泥炭腐殖化度偏低,气候温凉湿润。  相似文献   

度量泥炭腐殖化度的一种简便方法:泥炭灰度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于学峰  周卫建  史江峰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(1):133-136

介绍了一种度量泥炭腐殖化程度简便易得的指标——灰度。通过将同一剖面灰度测量结果与传统的腐殖化度测量结果进行对比，发现二者的变化具有较强的相关性，说明导致二者变化的因素大致相同。泥炭赋色物质鉴定的实验表明腐殖质含量变化是引起灰度在剖面上变化的原因，从而进一步论证了用灰度值作为泥炭腐殖化程度指标的可行性。  相似文献   

近2600年神农架大九湖泥炭的气候变化记录   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

何报寅  张穗  蔡述明 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(2):109-115

神农架大九湖沼泽泥炭柱状样提供了分辨率为25a的约2600a来的气候变化记录。对样品进行了环境磁学参数测量、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、孢粉鉴定和统计建模，结果表明，大九湖气温的变化曲线与竺可桢中国东部的物候温度曲线以及格陵兰氧同位素变化曲线大体一致，与青藏高原东部希门错湖泊沉积物温度代用指标的变化曲线也十分相似。特别是550—1300AD间的相对温暖期，与竺可桢首次提出来的中国东部隋唐温暖期(约600-1000AD)和欧洲的中世纪暖期(930-1240AD)在时间跨度上大致对应。可划分为4个阶段：(1)600BC—550AD，气候相对冷湿；(2)550—1300AD，气候相对凉干；(3)1300—1900AD，气候又转变为冷湿，其中最冷期1400—1900AD可与欧洲的小冰期对应；(4)1900AD至今，气候又开始转向相对凉干。同时发现低频磁化率χlf与铁元素含量之比(χlf／Fe)的变化曲线与利用孢粉分析数据恢复的大九湖气候变化曲线对应得很好，特别是二者都清晰地显示了500—1300AD为一相对暖期。这预示着χlf／Fe可能是泥炭剖面的一个更好的气候记录代用指标。  相似文献