斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

Climatic signals in lacustrine deposits of the Upper Yacoraite Formation,Western Argentina: Evidence from clay minerals,analcime, dolomite and fibrous calcite     

João Paulo B. Gomes  Rodrigo B. Bunevich  Sandra N. Tonietto  Daisy B. Alves  Julice F. Santos  Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309

Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits.  相似文献   

海域金矿找矿方法研究——以山东省莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿为例     

田振环 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):19-28

莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿区是世界上第一个查明的海域岩金矿。它通过追索延伸至海域的三山岛断裂，圈定破金找矿靶区。利用海域高精度磁测和浅地层剖面测量配合海上钻探，找到了海域大型金矿。以三山岛海域金矿普查为依托，研究出来的这套海域金矿找矿方法和海上钻探平台，可为今后开展海域金及其它与断裂有关的矿产资源找矿，提供指导和借鉴。  相似文献   

物化探综合信息找矿方法在萤石矿找矿中的应用     

栗克坤  陈新立  商朋强  于雪良  韩志坤  魏凡超  刘增政 《中国地质调查》2019,6(6):98-104

福建光泽地区是闽北地区重要的萤石矿成矿远景区,具有寻找隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的潜力,但是目前该区隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿成果较少。通过对福建光泽地区I号萤石矿预测区开展物化探综合信息找矿方法应用,探讨物化探综合信息找矿方法在隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿中的应用效果。结果表明: 区域水系沉积物测量和大比例尺化探剖面测量圈出的F、Ca等综合异常信息可协助筛选、确定萤石矿找矿目标区; 将高精度磁法测量与视电阻率联合剖面测量相结合,可进一步判断萤石矿控矿构造的位置和规模; 高密度电阻率法测量可协助确定控矿构造的深部延伸情况。地表检查和深部钻探验证表明: 区域化探、高精度磁法测量、视电阻率联合剖面测量和高密度电阻率法测量等物化探综合信息找矿方法组合,可指导隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的找矿工作。  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯南缘汤白矿区早侏罗世含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白云  郎兴海  王旭辉  崔志伟  谢富伟  邓煜霖  李志军  娄渝明  韩鹏  尹青  王子正  董树义  张忠  张金树  姜楷 《地质通报》2019,38(4):509-521

汤白矿区位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带西段南缘,南侧紧邻日喀则弧前盆地。矿区由地表探矿工程控制3条赋存于早侏罗世角闪石英闪长斑岩中的主矿体(1号、2号和3号),在野外地质调查的基础上,对角闪石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学测试。研究结果表明:(1)含矿斑岩的成岩年龄为183.3±1.2Ma,形成于早侏罗世;(2)含矿斑岩地球化学特征与大洋岛弧背景下的安山质岩石的地球化学性质一致,表明汤白矿区含矿斑岩形成于大洋岛弧环境;(3)西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带具有寻找俯冲期斑岩型矿床的巨大潜力,今后应加强该带俯冲期斑岩型矿床的勘查评价工作,特别是早—中侏罗世斑岩的成矿潜力评价。  相似文献   

西藏弄如日金矿床花岗斑岩年代学与岩石成因   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟婉婷  多吉  李明礼  黄勇  黄瀚霄  李光明  张林奎  董随亮 《岩石学报》2019,35(3):913-933

弄如日矿区发育中新世浅成花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩两类岩体,本文对这两类花岗斑岩体进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年和系统的岩体地质、岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩近于同期侵入,前者为未分异或弱分异花岗岩,后者为高分异花岗岩。花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩的侵位年龄测试结果表明,前者形成时代为20. 3±0. 8Ma,后者形成于20. 20±0. 41Ma～20. 51±0. 52Ma。花岗闪长斑岩具有低硅、低钾、低碱、高铝的特点,SiO_2介于63. 37%～66. 78%之间,Al2O3变化于15. 14%～16. 04%,Na_2O+K_2O=4. 46%～5. 33%,A/CNK=1. 13～1. 26,稀土总量高,重稀土和Y含量低,具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学特点,主体为Ⅰ型花岗岩。二长花岗斑岩具有高硅、高钾、高碱、低铝、稀土总量低的特点,SiO_2=70. 46%～77. 17%,Al_2O_3=12. 22%～15. 06%,Na_2O+K_2O=7. 14%～7. 98%,A/CNK=1. 03～1. 21,稀土总量低,为Ⅰ型花岗岩。两种岩石稀土元素分配典线呈右倾型,均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr);此外,花岗闪长斑岩轻重稀土分馏明显,而二长花岗斑岩中稀土和重稀土分馏不明显。花岗闪长斑岩形成于弄如日矿区加厚下地壳中变基性岩的部分熔融,变基性岩很可能是榴辉岩(可能含有角闪石),部分熔融后的残留物以石榴石为主,含金红石。二长花岗斑岩可能是由花岗闪长斑岩浆通过分离结晶衍生而来,分离结晶的矿物包括斜长石、黑云母、钾长石、钛铁矿、榍石、磷灰石等。综合研究表明,弄如日金矿成矿时代略晚于花岗闪长斑岩侵位,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩及其分异的二长花岗斑岩关系密切。花岗闪长斑岩及二长花岗斑岩的侵位时代及成因研究,对揭示弄如日金矿矿床成因有重要意义,也为区域寻找该类矿床指明了方向。  相似文献   

西南三江碰撞造山带沉积岩容矿Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属复合成矿与深部过程     

毕献武  唐永永  陶琰  王长明  胥磊落  戚华文  兰青  木兰 《岩石学报》2019,35(5):1341-1371

西南三江特提斯造山带中新生代沉积盆地中(沱沱河、玉树、昌都和兰坪-思茅地区)发育包括金顶超大型铅锌矿床在内的一系列以沉积岩容矿的Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属矿床,构成长达千余千米的青藏高原东缘贱金属成矿带。作为大陆碰撞环境成矿谱系的重要矿床类型,加强这些矿床的理论研究对提高和完善大陆碰撞造山成矿理论和指导找矿勘查等具有重要意义。已有研究表明这些Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床的分布受盆地形成后新生代大型逆冲推覆-走滑构造控制,其容矿岩石和成矿作用特征与SEDEX和MVT矿床存在明显的差异,矿床成矿流体表现出多来源混合的特征,成矿与深部过程密切相关。尽管取得重要进展,但由于缺乏高精度年代学数据制约,成矿动力学背景及其与碰撞造山的时空联系存在较大争议。一些矿床的研究显示复合成矿迹象,但是复合成矿过程与深部驱动等问题仍不清楚。近年来我们以兰坪和昌都盆地的Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床和Cu多金属矿床为重点研究对象,系统开展了成矿年代学、成矿流体源-运-储系统和复合成矿机制以及深部过程对成矿制约等方面研究。结果表明,兰坪盆地西缘Cu(Mo)多金属矿床主要形成于48～58Ma,兰坪和昌都盆地Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床主要形成于27～33Ma。成矿流体表现出明显的多来源混合的特征,主要存在三种类型:1)变质流体与盆地卤水或大气降水复合成矿,以金满-连城Cu矿床为代表; 2)盆地卤水与大气降水复合成矿,以金顶Pb-Zn矿床为代表; 3)盆地卤水和岩浆流体复合成矿,以拉诺玛Pb-Zn-Sb矿床为代表。兰坪盆地西缘Cu矿床主要形成于新生代印度-欧亚大陆主碰撞挤压阶段,与成矿密切相关的变质流体可能来源于陆-陆碰撞俯冲引起的高压变质。Pb-Zn矿床主要形成于印度-欧亚大陆晚碰撞构造转换环境,构造挤压和造山隆起驱动盆地流体迁移,同期的岩浆活动主要为成矿提供热驱动力或成矿物质。  相似文献   

内蒙古呼伦西白地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征及找矿标志     

胡二红  贺中银  张善明  吕新彪  阮班晓  赵鹏彬  孙浩  纪鹏飞  何世明  苏波  刘婷 《中国地质》2020,47(2):300-314

北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床(点),矿床(点)产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上,矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内,其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制,并与磁异常对应,其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%～0.56%、平均0.11%,REO品位0.13%～2.63%,平均0.93%,辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%～0.1%,与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似,成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征,初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为:二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变(褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等)和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路,也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。  相似文献   

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境，并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素，获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma，表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征，富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb），亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素，稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型，具有明显的负Eu异常；显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩，形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境，其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前，属于挤压造山环境，表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,NW China     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1271-1287

The northern Xinjiang region is one of the most significant iron metallogenic provinces in China.Iron deposits are found mainly within three regions:the Altay,western Tianshan,and eastern Tianshan orogenic belts.Previous studies have elaborated on the genesis of Fe deposits in the Altay orogenic belt and western Tianshan.However,the geological characteristics and mineralization history of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are still poorly understood.In this paper I describe the geological characteristics of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,and discuss their genetic types as well as metallogenic-tectonic settings,Iron deposits are preferentially distributed in central and southern parts of the eastern Tianshan.The known iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan show characteristics of magmatic Fe-Ti-V(e.g.,Weiya and Niumaoquan),sedimentary-metamorphic type(e.g.,Tianhu),and iron skarn(e.g.,Hongyuntan).In addition to the abovementioned iron deposits,many iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are hosted in submarine volcanic rocks with well-developed skarn mineral assemblages.Their geological characteristics and magnetite compositions suggest that they may belong to distal skarns.SIMS zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Fe-Ti oxide ores from Niumaoquan and Weiya deposits were formed at 307.7±1.3 Ma and 242.7±1.9 Ma,respectively.Combined with available isotopic age data,the timing of Fe mineralization in the eastern Tianshan can be divided into four broad intervals:Early Ordovician-Early Silurian(476-438 Ma),Carboniferous(335-303 Ma),Early Permian(295-282 Ma),and Triassic(ca.243 Ma).Each of these episodes corresponds to a period of subduction,post-collision,and intraplate tectonics during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.  相似文献