地方政府土地出让干预对区域工业碳排放影响的对比分析——以中国8大经济区为例     

王博  吴天航  冯淑怡 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1436-1446

探讨不同区域地方政府干预对碳排放的影响差异,对于中国推进碳减排战略、协调区域经济社会发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,论文基于地方政府土地出让的视阈,以中国8大经济区为研究对象,有机耦合STIRPAT模型与CKC模型,构建形成STIRPAT拓展模型,并使用2007—2016年中国28个省(市、自治区)的工业面板数据,对比考察8大经济区政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响差异。结果表明:不同经济区的地方政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响存在显著差异。其中,同为CKC“倒N”型的北部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响呈现出北部沿海经济区为负、南部沿海经济区为正、长江中游经济区无显著影响的差异效果;同为CKC“倒U”型的东北、西南和西北经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响,东北和西南经济区都显著为负,西北经济区未表现出显著影响;同为CKC“U”型的东部沿海和黄河中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对碳排放也呈现出前者为负、后者为正的相反影响。研究结果可为制定碳减排差别化政策、协调区域可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

黄海透光层悬浮半导体矿物组成及其促进微生物胞外电子传递过程初探     

刘佳  孙元  任桂平  鲁安怀  李艳  丁竑瑞 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(1):96-104

在地球上最为活跃的海洋透光层体系中,矿物-微生物交互作用的形式十分丰富。系统采集了黄海近海透光层水体样品,测试分析发现其中分布大量悬浮半导体矿物及微生物群落。通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)及配有的EDX能谱仪,从宏观到微区对悬浮颗粒矿物的化学元素组成进行了测试分析,发现其主要矿物组成元素为Si、O、Na、K、Ca、Al等,且含有较高含量的Mn、Fe、Ti等金属元素;通过X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)测试从整体到局部分析悬浮颗粒矿物的物相组成,发现其主要组成矿物为石英、钠长石、方解石、云母和绿泥石等,还有锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿、针铁矿等铁、钛金属氧化物半导体矿物。通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析海水中主要微生物群落为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Planctomycetes、Woeseia、Fluviicola等,并通过构建双室反应体系对海水微生物与悬浮矿物间氧化还原作用及胞外电子传递过程进行了表征,结果显示增加海水悬浮矿物作为电子受体后,体系开路电压由330. 80 mV提升至426. 59 mV,提升比率达130%,最大输出功率由8. 376 9 mW/m^2提升至12. 096 8 mW/m^2,为原体系的1. 44倍。实验研究表明,海水透光层悬浮矿物能有效参与并促进微生物胞外电子传递过程,为后续深入研究基于电子能量传递利用的半导体矿物-微生物协同作用以及元素循环调控机制奠定初步基础。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional active earth pressure from cohesive backfills with tensile strength cutoff     

Zheng-Wei Li  Tian-Zheng Li  Xiao-Li Yang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(7):942-961

Most of previous analyses on the active earth pressure were performed in two-dimensional cases using the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure function to describe the soil strength. However, all failures of retained slopes indicate a somewhat three-dimensional (3D) feature, and the M-C function is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soil. In this work, a kinematic limit analysis–based approach is developed for computing the 3D active earth pressure resulting from cohesive backfills. The concept of tensile strength cutoff is adopted to implement the reduction or elimination of tensile strength from the strength envelope. An extended 3D horn failure mechanism that is associated with the modified strength envelope is developed to characterize the collapse of retained slopes. The resultant of active earth pressure is evaluated from the work rate balance equation and expressed as an unfactored coefficient. The obtained results indicate that less support provided by the wall is required when allowing the existence of soil cohesion and 3D effects and that eliminating the tensile strength can observably increase the active earth pressure, especially for the backfill with a great level of cohesion.  相似文献   

Sediment transfer in an extremely low-gradient,low-relief and highly buffered system: Darwin Harbour catchment,northern Australia     

M. Nawaz  R. Wasson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(3):351-359

Abstract

Sediment yields from and sediment transfer within catchments of very low relief and gradient, which make up about 50% of Earth’s surface, are poorly documented and their internal sediment dynamics are poorly known. Sediment sources, their proportionate contributions to valley floors and sediment yield, and storage are estimated using fallout radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb_(ex) and ¹³⁷Cs in the catchments that drain into Darwin Harbour, northern Australia, an example of this understudied catchment type that appears to be globally at the extreme end of this category of catchments. Unchannelled grassy valley floors (dambos, or seasonal wetlands) trap ～90% of the sediment delivered from hillslopes by sheet and rill erosion. Further down valley, small channels transport ～10% of the sediment that escapes from the dambos, and the remaining sediment comes from erosion of the channels. In this case, the fractional sediment storage is very high as a result of the existence of dambos, a landform that depends for its existence on low gradients.  相似文献   

基于STIRPAT模型的内蒙古沙漠化地区环境压力分析     

樊胜岳  刘文文  周宁 《中国沙漠》2019,39(3):117-125

实现经济与生态环境的协调发展，已经成为当前治理沙漠化的巨大挑战。如何定量分析人类活动和自然条件对环境的影响，是当前环境经济学界研究的热点问题。以内蒙古自治区71个沙漠化县为研究对象，以1986—2010年为研究区间做面板空间计量实证分析。选取了人口、富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水作为环境基础指标构建STIRPAT模型，从环境压力内在驱动角度定量分析不同的自然因素和人为因素对沙漠化地区环境的综合影响。结果表明：在观测数据范围内，富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水是内蒙古自治区环境压力的主要驱动因素；富裕度每增加1%，环境压力显著增加0.096%；技术水平每变化1%，将引起环境压力相应发生0.084%的变化；风速和降水每变动1%分别使得沙漠地区环境压力显著地增加0.640%和减少0.216%。  相似文献   

Effects of long-term cyclic horizontal loading on bucket foundations in saturated loose sand     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A 1-g model experimental study was conducted to investigate the accumulated rotations and unloading stiffness of bucket foundations in saturated loose sand. One-way horizontal cyclic loading was applied to model bucket foundations with embedment ratios 0.5 and 1.0. Up to 10⁴ cycles of loading were applied at a frequency of 0.2 Hz varying load amplitudes. The accumulated rotation of the bucket foundations increased with the number of cycles and the load amplitudes. Empirical equations were proposed to describe the accumulated rotation of the foundations. The unloading stiffness of foundations increased with the number of cycles but decreased with an increase in load amplitude. The initial unloading stiffness of L/D = 1.0 (L is skirt length; D is foundation diameter) was approximately twice that of L/D = 0.5. Excess pore water pressure difference of 50% was observed between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0. The suction and static capacity of the bucket increased with increase of bucket embedment ratio with a difference of 69.5% and 73.6% respectively between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0.  相似文献   

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响     

王海涛  王斌  王伟  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):189-194

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据，根据弹性地壳形变理论，采用移去-恢复法，利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法，计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响，同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明，大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级，对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal；大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。  相似文献   

基于深度残差网络的机载LiDAR点云分类     

赵传  郭海涛  卢俊  余东行  张保明 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):202-213

机载LiDAR点云的分类是利用其进行城市场景三维重建的关键步骤之一。为充分利用现有的图像领域性能较好的深度学习网络模型,提高点云分类精度,并降低训练时间和对训练样本数量的要求,本文提出一种基于深度残差网络的机载LiDAR点云分类方法。首先提取归一化高程、表面变化率、强度和归一化植被指数4种具有较高区分度的点云低层次特征;然后通过设置不同的邻域大小和视角,利用所提出的点云特征图生成策略,得到多尺度和多视角点云特征图;再将点云特征图输入到预训练的深度残差网络,提取多尺度和多视角深层次特征;最后构建并训练神经网络分类器,利用训练的模型对待分类点云进行预测,经后处理得到分类结果。利用ISPRS三维语义标记竞赛的公开标准数据集进行试验,结果表明,本文方法可有效区分建筑物、地面、车辆等8类地物,分类结果的总体精度为87.1%,可为城市场景三维重建提供可靠的信息。  相似文献   

Talus slope geomorphology investigated at multiple time scales from high-resolution topographic surveys and historical aerial photographs (Sanetsch Pass,Switzerland)     

Hanne Hendrickx  Lars De Sloover  Cornelis Stal  Reynald Delaloye  Jan Nyssen  Amaury Frankl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3653-3669

Talus slopes are common places for debris storage in high-mountain environments and form an important step in the alpine sediment cascade. To understand slope instabilities and sediment transfers, detailed investigations of talus slope geomorphology are needed. Therefore, this study presents a detailed analysis of a talus slope on Col du Sanetsch (Swiss Alps), which is investigated at multiple time scales using high-resolution topographic (HRT) surveys and historical aerial photographs. HRT surveys were collected during three consecutive summers (2017–2019), using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. To date, very few studies exist that use HRT methods on talus slopes, especially to the extent of our study area (2 km²). Data acquisition from ground control and in situ field observations is challenging on a talus slope due to the steep terrain (30–37°) and high surface roughness. This results in a poor spatial distribution of ground control points (GCPs), causing unwanted deformation of up to 2 m in the gathered UAV-derived HRT data. The co-alignment of UAV imagery from different survey dates improved this deformation significantly, as validated by the TLS data. Sediment transfer is dominated by small-scale but widespread snow push processes. Pre-existing debris flow channels are prone to erosion and redeposition of material within the channel. A debris flow event of high magnitude occurred in the summer of 2019, as a result of several convective thunderstorms. While low-magnitude (<5,000 m³) debris flow events are frequent throughout the historical record with a return period of 10–20 years, this 2019 event exceeded all historical debris flow events since 1946 in both extent and volume. Future climate predictions show an increase of such intense precipitation events in the region, potentially altering the frequency of debris flows in the study area and changing the dominant geomorphic process which are active on such talus slopes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

迁入地资源环境压力指标体系构建与评价——以贵州省纳雍县为例     

郑钧宁  徐红 《测绘通报》2020,(8):126-130

选取贵州省纳雍县为易地扶贫迁入地研究对象，构建了评价指标体系，对迁入地资源环境压力进行了评价；同时应用层次分析法确定指标权重，计算资源环境压力，并将结果划分为相对高、中、低压力区3个等级。分析结果表明，纳雍县整体资源较为贫乏，生态环境较为脆弱，人均资源量较少，造成资源环境整体压力较大；由贫困发生率与资源环境评价值作相关分析，资源环境压力与贫困发生率呈弱负相关性。  相似文献