Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls     

Olena Volik  Eric Kessel  Adam Green  Richard Petrone  Jonathan Price 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14020

Current efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well-founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate-rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30-year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.  相似文献   

江南造山带(湖南段)金矿成矿规律与资源潜力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄建中  孙骥  周超  陆文  肖荣  郭爱民  黄革非  谭仕敏  隗含涛 《地球学报》2020,41(2):230-252

扬子地块—华夏地块经历武陵期—雪峰期增生造山-碰撞造山形成江南造山带,构成统一的华南板块,进入板内演化阶段。本文从构造-岩浆作用-沉积建造角度,结合地质年代学、古地磁、岩相古地理分析,加里东运动、印支运动属陆内作用,造就了加里东期、印支期两次主要的金矿成矿事件。湖南雪峰山—幕阜山(俗称“金腰带”)加里东期和印支晚期金矿床分区成带产出,构成一条复合型造山型金矿带。区域性构造导矿、次级构造交汇或叠加控矿明显;矿石普遍发育条带状构造,属韧性剪切递进变形的产物。通过对区域成矿背景、金矿成矿理论,金矿床(体)地质特征,结合同位素地球化学、地质找矿成果及深部验证情况等多方面研究表明该成矿带深部找矿潜力巨大,2000 m以浅金远景资源量有望达到3000 t。  相似文献   

Deposition and preservation of fluvio-tidal shallow-marine sandstones: A re-evaluation of the Neoproterozoic Jura Quartzite (western Scotland)     

Bruce K. Levell  Howard D. Johnson  Daniel S. Collins  Marijn van Cappelle 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):173-206

The 2 to 5 km thick, sandstone-dominated (>90%) Jura Quartzite is an extreme example of a mature Neoproterozoic sandstone, previously interpreted as a tide-influenced shelf deposit and herein re-interpreted within a fluvio-tidal deltaic depositional model. Three issues are addressed: (i) evidence for the re-interpretation from tidal shelf to tidal delta; (ii) reasons for vertical facies uniformity; and (iii) sand supply mechanisms to form thick tidal-shelf sandstones. The predominant facies (compound cross-bedded, coarse-grained sandstones) represents the lower parts of metres to tens of metres high, transverse fluvio-tidal bedforms with superimposed smaller bedforms. Ubiquitous erosional surfaces, some with granule–pebble lags, record erosion of the upper parts of those bedforms. There was selective preservation of the higher energy, topographically-lower, parts of channel-bar systems. Strongly asymmetrical, bimodal, palaeocurrents are interpreted as due to associated selective preservation of fluvially-enhanced ebb tidal currents. Finer-grained facies are scarce, due largely to suspended sediment bypass. They record deposition in lower-energy environments, including channel mouth bars, between and down depositional-dip of higher energy fluvio-ebb tidal bars. The lack of wave-formed sedimentary structures and low continuity of mudstone and sandstone interbeds, support deposition in a non-shelf setting. Hence, a sand-rich, fluvial–tidal, current-dominated, largely sub-tidal, delta setting is proposed. This new interpretation avoids the problem of transporting large amounts of coarse sand to a shelf. Facies uniformity and vertical stacking are likely due to sediment oversupply and bypass rather than balanced sediment supply and subsidence rates. However, facies evidence of relative sea level changes is difficult to recognise, which is attributed to: (i) the areally extensive and polygenetic nature of the preserved facies, and (ii) a large stored sediment buffer that dampened response to relative sea-level and/or sediment supply changes. Consideration of preservation bias towards high-energy deposits may be more generally relevant, especially to thick Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic marine sandstones.  相似文献   

四川甲基卡锂矿伟晶岩转石分布区“3定2参”大比例尺填图法及其在青藏高原应用的意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘善宝  王成辉  王登红  代鸿章  马圣钞  于扬  潘蒙  郝雪峰  杨荣 《地质学报》2020,94(1):326-332

我国西部地区无论是新疆阿尔泰还是地处青藏高原的西昆仑地区或是松潘-甘孜成矿带,都是我国伟晶岩型矿床找矿远景区,但要么剥蚀严重,要么第四系覆盖,难以找到好的地质露头。本文以地处青藏高原东南缘的川西甲基卡矿田为例,通过近10年来的实践,探索出一套在第四系覆盖严重但又有伟晶岩转石分布地区的填图找矿方法--"3定2参"1∶2000伟晶岩转石填图法,即:定伟晶岩转石类型、尺度、密度,参考矿区内伟晶岩脉产状和地形条件。实践证明,该方法能够快速有效识别伟晶岩转石类型(冰碛物、坡积物和原地或半原地型),并可进一步确定第四系覆盖区内伟晶岩脉的类型、产状及规模,为钻探工程部署提供依据。2019年在甲基卡经8个钻孔验证,在日西柯第四系覆盖区内发现16条花岗伟晶岩脉,其中锂辉石伟晶岩脉10条,实现了新的找矿突破。这一方法同样在可尔因矿集区适用,并指导2019年"松潘-甘孜成锂带锂铍多金属大型资源基地综合调查评价"项目在上述两个地区实施钻探验证,初步探获新增氧化锂资源量超过15万吨,值得进一步推广应用。  相似文献   

城镇增长下的收缩：以武汉为例     

高喆  尹宁玮  童馨仪  李东欣  顾江 《热带地理》2019,39(1):29-36

首先从人口、经济、用地3个维度综合考察武汉市增长与收缩的全貌，并采用县区及街道2个尺度的数据定量描述了武汉市增长与收缩的特征与空间格局，发现武汉市下辖青山区、硚口区、汉阳区和蔡甸区存在局部较严重的收缩现象，空间上形成集聚，形态上呈“穿孔式”。进一步以青山区为案例，着重从资本视角探讨发生局部收缩的内在机制，发现其存在老龄化、少子化趋势，但局部收缩的主因是资本从产业部门的“逃逸”。  相似文献   

Sedimentary and geochemical characterization of Middle–Late Miocene formations in the Neogene Tsugaru Basin,Japan by means of DTH27‐1 well sediment analysis     

Paolo Martizzi  Shun Chiyonobu  Hiroyuki Arato 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

Middle–Late Miocene age siliceous formations outcropping along the northwestern side of Honshu Island are considered prospective source rocks for hydrocarbons. An analysis of geophysical, sedimentological, and geochemical properties is essential to evaluate the formations' source potential, and to understand the factors that determined the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This study investigates the Middle–Late Miocene geological record of the Tsugaru back‐arc basin, located in the western part of Aomori prefecture, through an analysis of a 200 m long portion of a core from the DTH27‐1 well; this core is composed of the diatomaceous siltstones of the Akaishi Formation and the siliceous mudstones of the Odoji Formation. Sedimentological and geophysical characterization showed that the Akaishi Formation's diatomaceous siltstones are mostly massive and bioturbated, have low magnetic susceptibility, and demonstrate moderate natural radioactivity. Although the Odoji Formation's siliceous mudstones are massive, they have exceedingly low magnetic susceptibility and high natural radioactivity. Geochemical data from a Rock‐Eval Pyrolysis such as total organic carbon and generative potential (S1 + S2) revealed that, in the Tsugaru area, only the Odoji Formation is a likely prospective source rock for hydrocarbons. On the other hand, T_max values indicate that both the formations are thermally immature for generating hydrocarbons. The difference between the Akaishi and Odoji Formation in the sedimentological facies, in terms of the degree of bioturbation and the organic carbon content, indicates variations in lithological properties, such as porosity and grain size; moreover, this difference indicates a variation in the paleo‐oxygenation of bottom waters, with the transition from oxygen‐deficient conditions in the Middle Miocene to the more oxygenated conditions in the Late Miocene. Both the lithological and paleo‐environmental factors possibly influenced the organic richness in the two formations.  相似文献   

内蒙古呼伦西白地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征及找矿标志     

胡二红  贺中银  张善明  吕新彪  阮班晓  赵鹏彬  孙浩  纪鹏飞  何世明  苏波  刘婷 《中国地质》2020,47(2):300-314

北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床(点),矿床(点)产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上,矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内,其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制,并与磁异常对应,其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%～0.56%、平均0.11%,REO品位0.13%～2.63%,平均0.93%,辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%～0.1%,与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似,成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征,初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为:二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变(褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等)和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路,也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献   

Wintertime rates of net primary production and nitrate and ammonium uptake in the southern Benguela upwelling system     

RF Flynn  JM Burger  K Pillay 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):253-266

The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l^–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献   

Greenhouse Gas Emission During Composting and Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes – A Review          下载免费PDF全文

Ankita Swati  Subrata Hait 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(6)

  相似文献