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1.
珊瑚岛礁海岸波流动力复杂、地貌形态特殊、工程响应未知, 波浪传播变形和波生环流对建筑物安全、地形地貌演变、防灾减灾和生态环境保护都有重要影响。本文从大范围大洋海脊导波与岛礁波浪俘获、中等尺度的礁坪-潟湖-裂口系统波流特性、建筑物前沿的局部波流特性及工程响应等三种不同空间尺度上综述了波流运动特性研究的新进展, 主要包括深水大范围的海脊波浪引导与岛礁波浪俘获的理论解析、礁坪-潟湖-裂口系统整体物理模型实验、基于大水槽实验的建筑物影响下波流演化过程及越浪量和波浪力计算方法, 并提出亟需深入研究的重点内容。  相似文献   
2.
玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组是近几年准噶尔盆地页岩油接替的主攻领域,但其页岩成岩改造强烈,原始岩性归属尚不明确。X射线粉晶衍射测得风城组页岩黏土矿物含量普遍较低(<10%),长英质矿物含量较高(60%~80%)。薄片分析发现风城组长英质页岩存在三种类型:① 粉砂级(4~63 μm)长石和石英碎屑含量丰富,为典型的粉砂岩;② 燧石条带和团块发育,为富硅页岩;③ 长英质基质发育,呈非碎屑状,且火山尘及火山玻璃少见,其矿物组成和形态与典型的黏土岩、粉砂岩及沉凝灰岩明显不同。背散射图像和高精度扫描电镜测得该长英质基质由碎屑和自生石英、钾长石和钠长石共同组成,可见黏土矿物、碎屑钾长石和钠长石向自生石英转化,碎屑钾长石向自生钠长石转化。通过调研全球中新生代碱湖沉积中自生硅酸盐矿物组合特征和成岩演化规律,探讨了二叠系风城组“贫”黏土矿物和“富”自生长英质矿物的原因,并提出风城组发育一类“改造长英质页岩”,主要由原始黏土和长石碎屑矿物和火山物质经过多期成岩改造而成。早期高碱(pH>9)沉积和成岩环境增加了SiO2溶解度和元素铝的活性,导致黏土矿物、泥级—细粉砂级长英质碎屑、火山灰等在入湖后发生“溶解、转化”,形成次稳定的硅酸盐矿物,如沸石和含镁蒙皂石,在经历漫长埋藏成岩后进一步转化为更为稳定的石英、钾长石和钠长石。碱湖页岩的成岩改造过程消耗了黏土矿物和火山灰,极大增加了页岩脆性,同时伴生了大量基质溶孔和晶间孔,是一类优质的页岩储层。  相似文献   
3.
内蒙古自治区碾子沟钼矿床地处华北地台北缘西拉木伦钼成矿带西段,为一典型的中型石英脉型钼矿床。该钼矿床矿脉(体)主要产于燕山早期二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩内NNW、NW向断裂构造体系之中,成矿作用过程经历了黄铁矿±辉钼矿+石英(Ⅰ)、辉钼矿+黄铁矿±黄铜矿+石英(Ⅱ)、黄铜矿+黄铁矿±闪锌矿+石英(Ⅲ)及石英±方解石(Ⅳ)4个阶段。系统的流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体组分析、包裹体显微测温研究表明,矿床初始成矿流体为高温、中低盐度(490~550℃,盐度(w(NaC1))2%~10%,50~62 MPa)均匀的NaCl-H2O体系热液,δ18OH2O-SMOW(2.21‰)及δDH2O-SMOW(-68.9‰)表明其主要来源于岩浆热液;成矿流体上升并不断汇聚于容矿断裂空间,伴随温度、压力降低(380~460℃,26~40 MPa→360~420℃,25~30 MPa)而进入两相不混溶区,流体开始发生沸腾→强烈沸腾作用,导致成矿元素Mo大量沉淀富集成矿,成矿晚期残余流体与大气降水混合(δ18OH2O-SMOW为-2.41‰~2.51‰,δDH2O-SMOW为-110.1‰~-105.5‰),矿床属燕山早期中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床。  相似文献   
4.
晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了给晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的评价和开发利用提供科学依据,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和白度计等现代分析测试技术,研究了晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征。结果表明:1)根据造纸和涂料用煅烧高岭土的国家标准,晋北煤矸石主要可分为3种类型:合格原料、基本合格原料和不合格原料。2)与合格和基本合格原料相比,不合格原料煅烧产物的化学成分中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3含量以及碱金属与碱土金属总含量都与前者有较大差异。3)合格和基本合格原料主要由高岭石(85%~94%)组成,不合格煤矸石矿物组合为高岭石(30%~60%)+石英(23%~38%)+伊利石(14%~26%),并含少量黄铁矿和白云石等杂质矿物,石英等杂质矿物和含铁矿物是分别导致煅烧产物化学成分和白度不合格的主要原因。4)合格原料中高岭石结晶度较好,主要为不规则片状、书册状和弯曲片状,片表面光滑,片径大小范围较大,为0.05~51.22μm,平均2.80μm,径厚比41.24。  相似文献   
5.
Reef-associated landforms are coupled to the health of the reef ecosystem which produces the sediment that forms and maintains these landforms. However, this connection can make reef-fronted coastlines sensitive to the impacts of climate change, given that any decline in ecosystem health (e.g. decreasing sediment supply) or changes to physical processes (e.g. sea level rise, increasing wave energy) could drive the sediment budgets of these systems into a net erosive state. Therefore, knowledge of both the sediment sources and transport mechanisms is required to predict the sensitivity of reef-associated landforms to future climate change. Here, we examine the benthic habitat composition, sediment characteristics (composition, texture, and age), and transport mechanisms and pathways to understand the interconnections between coastal morphology and the reef system at Tantabiddi, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Benthic surveys and sediment composition analysis revealed that although live coral accounts for less than 5% of the benthic cover, coral is the dominant sediment constituent (34% on average). Sediment ages (238U/230Th) were mostly found to be thousands of years old, suggesting that the primary sediment source is relic reef material (e.g. Holocene reef framework). Sediment transport across the lagoon was quantified through measurements of ripple migration rates, which were found to be shoreward migrating and responsible for feeding the large shoreline salient in the lee of the reef. The derived sediment fluxes were comparable with previously measured rates of sediment production by bioerosion. These results suggest that sediment budgets of systems dependent on old (>103 years) source materials may be more resilient to climate change as present-day reef health and community composition (i.e. sources of ‘new’ carbonate production) have limited influence on sediment supply. Therefore, the vulnerability of reef-associated landforms in these systems will be dictated by future changes to mechanisms of sediment generation (e.g. bioerosion) and/or physical processes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
6.
东坪钨矿床是近年在赣北地区新发现的首个超大型石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,位于长江中下游成矿带幕阜山地区东坪-香炉山钨矿找矿远景区东部。矿床赋矿层位为新元古代双桥山群安乐林组浅变质岩系,北东向断裂及其两侧的次级裂隙为区内主要控矿构造、容矿构造,隐伏的燕山晚期黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,与区内钨多金属成矿关系密切的为石英脉状硅化;两个矿带的钨矿体均产于成矿岩体外接触带,呈现了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床典型的"五层楼"分带特征,矿石工业类型主要为黑钨矿矿石;明确了构造和岩浆岩等主要控矿因素;总结出地表微细裂隙云英岩化-黄铁矿化蚀变带、含硫化物石英细脉带、石英脉、重砂及地球化学异常为区内主要找矿标志。  相似文献   
7.
The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.  相似文献   
8.
The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D2d 12). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of Th, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of Th. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO2 is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO2, H2O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl?, Na+. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H2O–CO2, low salinity, and H2O–CO2–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.  相似文献   
9.
石英脉型金矿是广西大瑶山地区主要的金矿床类型之一,但一直没有高精度的年龄数据约束其成矿时代。论文首次 对大瑶山南部广西苍梧县上木水石英脉型金矿中的热液白云母进行39Ar/40Ar年龄法测年,获得坪年龄为(432.6 ± 3.2)Ma,相应 的等时线年龄为(428.2 ± 7.2)Ma,反等时线年龄为(425.3 ± 6.6)Ma,表明其成矿时代为加里东期。这一数据进一步证明 大瑶山南部的古龙-夏郢环形成矿区主要以加里东期矿化为主,除了与加里东期岩浆岩有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型钨多金属矿化 外,还存在石英脉型金矿。同时,位于大瑶山中部沿区域性大黎断裂分布的六岑-桃花-古袍金矿田的石英脉型金矿时代仍 然不明确,还需要进一步的高精度测年数据来约束。  相似文献   
10.
本文基于具备间断捕捉能力的二阶全非线性Boussinesq数值模型,对规则波和随机波在礁坪地形上的传播变形进行了数值模拟。该模型采用高阶有限体积法和有限差分方法求解守恒格式的控制方程,将波浪破碎视为间断,同时采用静态重构技术处理了海岸动边界问题。重点针对礁坪上波浪传播过程中的波高空间分布和沿程衰减,礁坪上的平均水位变化,以及波浪能量频谱的移动和空间差异等典型水动力现象开展数值计算。将数值结果与实验结果对比,两者吻合情况良好,验证了模型具有良好的稳定性,具备模拟破碎波浪和海-岸动边界的能力,能较为准确地模拟波浪在礁坪地形上的传播过程中发生的各种水动力现象。  相似文献   
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