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1.
深水钻井隔水管紧急脱离后的反冲响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
深水钻井中,在恶劣海况或浮式平台定位失效等情况下,需紧急断开隔水管与水下防喷器的连接。隔水管突然脱离后会加速向上反冲,如果反冲作用控制不当,可能威胁钻井平台、隔水管体和水下井口的安全。介绍了国外隔水管紧急脱离与反冲响应的研究情况,分析了隔水管紧急脱离的原因与程序、脱离后的反冲过程、反冲控制方式和成功脱离标准、反冲响应的分析方法。建议:由于南海深水海况复杂,作业者需制定紧急脱离的预案和作业规程,并进行紧急脱离操作培训;由于隔水管紧急脱离后的反冲响应涉及多个非线性瞬态过程,研究者应该开展隔水管紧急脱离测试和反冲响应模拟计算,开发隔水管反冲响应分析软件。  相似文献   
2.
The Silurian bituminous sandstones(SBS) in the Tarim Basin, China are important basinwide reservoirs with an estimated area of approximately 249000 km2. We investigated the ages of authigenic illites in the SBS reservoirs and constrained their formation timing by using the ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar step wise heating method. The age spectra, ~(39)Ar recoil loss and their controlling factors were investigated systematically. The ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages were compared with the conventional K/Ar ages of identical clay fractions. The clay in the SBS reservoirs is dominated by orderly mixed-layer illite/smectite(I/S) with 5%–30% smectite layers. The I/S minerals morphology comprises primarily honeycomb, short filamentous and curved-lath particles, characteristic of authigenic illites. The unencapsulated ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar total gas ages(UTGA) of the authigenic illites range from 188.56 ± 6.20 Ma to 491.86 ± 27.68 Ma, which are 7% to 103% older than the corresponding K/Ar ages of 124.87 ± 1.11 Ma to 383.45 ± 2.80 Ma, respectively. The K-Ar ages indicate multistage accumulations with distinct distribution patterns in the Tarim Basin: older(late Caledonian-early Hercynian) around the basin margin, younger(late Hercynian) in the basin centre, and the youngest(middle to late Yanshanian) in the Ha-6 well-block, central area of the North Uplift. The age difference is believed to have been caused by the ~(39)Ar recoil loss during the irradiation process. Compared with the K/Ar ages, the estimated ~(39)Ar recoil losses in this study are in the range from 7% to 51%. The ~(39)Ar recoil loss appears to increase not only with the decreasing particle sizes of the I/S, but also with increasing percentage of smectite layers(IR) of the I/S, and smectite layer content(SLC) of the samples. We conclude that due to significant ~(39)Ar recoil losses, UTGA may not offer any meaningful geological ages of the authigenic illite formation in the SBS and thus can not be used to represent the hydrocarbon charge timing. ~(39)Ar recoil losses during ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating can not be neglected when dating fine authigenic illite, especially when the ordered mixed-layer I/S containing small amount of smectite layers(IR30%) in the reservoir formations. Compared with the unencapsulated Ar-Ar method, the conventional K-Ar method is less complicated, more accurate and reliable in dating authigenic illites in petroleum reservoirs.  相似文献   
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4.
矿物中U、Th及其子核进行α衰变释放出α粒子时,剩余重核受到反冲而产生辐射损伤。在适当的条件下经化学蚀刻,这些辐射损伤成为在相干涉反差显微镜下可观测的核径迹。实验证明,蚀刻过程中,Alpha反冲径迹(ARTs)增长数和蚀刻时间成线性关系,随蚀刻时间增加,线性被破坏,最终达到一个“坪”。退火过程表明,Alpha反冲径迹的退火要比裂变径迹的退火容易,其退火率随退火时间的增长和温度的升高而增加,且温度对其影响显著,在350℃下加热样品20h,退火率达到90%左右,在400℃下加热4h,完成全退火。  相似文献   
5.
云闪K过程的三维时空特征   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
K过程是闪电放电过程中的一种放电事件。该文使用两套VHF宽带干涉仪2010年夏季在广州从化地区获取的3次云闪三维闪电辐射源定位数据,分析其中的K过程时空发展特征与地面电场特征。结果表明:宽带干涉仪观测到的K过程主要由快速发展的负极性放电事件组成,按定位结果的分布可划分为3个阶段:负极性反冲先导发生在云闪起始区域下方,沿正先导一端已有路径向闪电起始区域传播;部分反冲先导能进入之前负先导建立的通道并快速发展;反冲先导将原有通道激活后进一步促进负先导继续发展。同时使用辐射源三维定位数据计算了8次反冲先导的平均发展速度,反冲先导的发展速度为106~107 m·s-1量级,与负地闪中的负极性直窜先导相似,但均小于回击速度。  相似文献   
6.
在深水油气勘探开发中,作业环境复杂多变,为了躲避台风等恶劣天气对海上钻井的危害,防喷器与隔水管的应急解脱成为避免海上钻井事故的关键环节。为探究隔水管应急解脱的反冲规律,分析了隔水管应急解脱的原因及反冲过程,利用OrcaFlex方法建立了应急解脱工况下隔水管系统轴向力学分析模型,利用该计算模型,以南海某1520 m深水井为例研究了张紧力、波浪运动、钻井液密度、平台漂移等因素对隔水管反冲的影响。结果表明,解脱时顶部张紧力越大,解脱后隔水管的反冲位移和伸缩节的冲程变化也越大;随着波浪高度的升高隔水管的反冲响应有加强趋势;波浪方向对隔水管的反冲响应没有影响;管内不同钻井液密度对隔水管反冲影响明显;随着平台漂移距离的增加,隔水管的反冲响应更加剧烈。研究结果对保障反冲时隔水管的安全有一定指导意义。  相似文献   
7.
Annealing behavior of alpha recoil tracks in phlogopite   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this study we present and interpret a new experimental data set documenting thermal annealing of alpha recoil tracks (ARTs) in phlogopite. Through improvements in experimental technique, difficulties in obtaining useable data from material with an uneven distribution of U and Th were overcome. The resulting annealing pattern was well organized on an Arrhenius plot, allowing construction of a simple, 3-parameter annealing model of parallel contours of constant annealing with a linear progression. Our data and model indicate that phlogopite ARTs anneal at very low temperatures on geological time scales. At the million-year time scale, full annealing requires a temperature of only 33 °C, and we infer closure temperatures from 26–37 °C for cooling rates of 10–100 °C/m.y. Phlogopite ART analysis is thus likely to be primarily useful in relatively young (<1 Ma) terrains featuring either recent volcanism or recent, fast exhumation. In such situations, however, it may provide unique information on the timing of the final stages of unroofing. Comparison of our results with previous studies on ART and fission-track annealing in phlogopite and biotite indicates that these two types of radiation damage anneal at disparate time and temperature conditions in biotite-series micas.  相似文献   
8.
张彦 《岩矿测试》2019,38(6):599-608
绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄是研究矿床形成年龄的重要手段,但是~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年矿物绢云母的提纯一直是一个难题。现有分离提纯方法得到的绢云母集合体中通常含有微斜长石,如本研究中常规磁选-重液法得到的微斜长石含量在0~28%,常规悬浮液法得到的微斜长石含量在3%~45%。当绢云母集合体中的微斜长石含量超过10%时,会直接影响测年的准确性。为探索一种有效的绢云母提纯方法,本文首先考察了常规磁选-重液法和常规悬浮液法的提纯效果,实验结果表明两种方法得到的绢云母纯度均不高,而且常规悬浮液法的粒度有时很细,不能满足定年要求。进而采用超声波解离-悬浮液法对磁选-重液法得到的含微斜长石的绢云母集合体进行了条件实验,绢云母的纯度从28%提高到77%,微斜长石相对于绢云母的含量从12.5%降为0。绢云母的粒度大于1μm的占比在95%以上,最小粒度大于0.356μm,大于~(39)Ar核反冲丢失的理论估算值0.08μm,该粒度下的绢云母在接受中子照射过程中不会引起明显的核反冲丢失,对中高温阶段的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄影响不大。研究认为,对于采用磁选-重液法得到的绢云母集合体,当其中的微斜长石含量大于10%时,可以采用超声波解离-悬浮液法进一步富集绢云母,降低微斜长石的含量,保证测年的准确性。  相似文献   
9.
As drilling operations move into remote locations and extreme water depths, recoil analysis requires more careful considerations and the incidence of emergency disconnect is increased inevitably. To accurately capture the recoil dynamics of a deep-water riser in an emergency disconnect scenario, researchers typically focus on modelling the influential subsystems (e.g., the tensioner, the mud discharge and seawater refilling process) which can be solved in the preprocessing, and then the determined parameters are transmitted into an existing global riser analysis software. Distinctively, the current study devotes efforts into the coupling effects resulting from that the suspended riser reacts the platform heave motion via the tensioner system in the course of recoil and the discharging fluid column follows the oscillation of the riser in the mud discharge process. Four simulation models are established based on lumped mass method employing different formulas for the top boundary condition of the riser and the discharging flow acceleration. It demonstrates that the coupling effects discussed above can significantly affect the recoil behavior during the transition phase from initial disconnect to the final hang-off state. It is recommended to develop a fully- coupled integrated model for recoil analysis and anti-recoil control system design before extreme deep-water applications.  相似文献   
10.
本文以浙江长兴地区P—T界线上的粘土岩为研究对象,对其中的成岩混层I/S进行了K—Ar和Ar—Ar测年实验研究,结果表明,沉积岩中成岩混层I/S的K—Ar年龄在没有碎屑含钾矿物混入的情况下,比其对应的地层时代要年轻。成岩混层I/S的常规^40Ar/^39Ar阶段升温测年一般情况下得不到年龄坪,只有当类蒙皂石层的含量为零时(即没有膨胀层的成岩伊利石),才能形成平坦的年龄谱。^39Ar的核反冲丢失不仅发生在矿物表面,也发生在矿物内部,最高可达48%左右,0.2μm粒级可能是^39Ar核反冲丢失量的拐点,同时也表明,用快中子照射硅酸盐样品,核反冲距离可以达到0.2μm。  相似文献   
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