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1.
Late-Stage Mafic Injection and Thermal Rejuvenation of the Vinalhaven Granite, Coastal Maine 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
WIEBE R. A.; MANON M. R.; HAWKINS D. P.; McDONOUGH W. F. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(11):2133-2153
The Vinalhaven intrusive complex consists mainly of coarse-grainedgranite, inward-dipping gabbro–diorite sheets, and a fine-grainedgranite core. Small bodies of porphyry occur throughout thecoarse-grained granite. The largest porphyry body (roughly 0·5km by 2·5 km) occurs with coeval gabbro, hybrid rocks,and minor fine-grained granite in the Vinal Cove complex, whichformed during the waning stages of solidification of the coarse-grainedVinalhaven granite. Porphyry contacts with surrounding coarse-grainedgranite are irregular and gradational. Compositions of wholerocks and minerals in the porphyry and the coarse-grained graniteare nearly identical. Neighboring phenocrysts in the porphyryvary greatly in degree of corrosion and reaction, indicatingthat the porphyry was well stirred. Thermal rejuvenation ofa silicic crystal mush by a basaltic influx can explain thecomposition and texture of the porphyry. Comparable rejuvenationevents have been recognized in recent studies of erupted rocks.Weakly corroded biotite phenocrysts in the porphyry requirethat hydrous interstitial melt existed in the granite duringremelting. Field relations, along with thermal calculations,suggest that cooling and crystallization of coeval mafic magmacould have generated the porphyry by thermal rejuvenation ofgranite crystal-mush containing about 20% melt. Field relationsalso suggest that some of the porphyry matrix may representnew felsic magma that was emplaced during remelting. KEY WORDS: granite; magma chamber; mafic replenishment; rejuvenation 相似文献
2.
The caravan park sub-sector of the Australian tourism accommodation industry provides at least half of the national tourism bed capacity, and in 2009 generated over A$1.1 billion in annual takings. However, the number of parks and park capacity is in decline nationally while both international and domestic demand for the drive-tourism experience is growing. This sets a trend towards an accommodation facilities shortage for the caravanning sector and exposes its vulnerability. This paper uses a case study of caravan parks in the Tweed Shire, New South Wales, Australia, to examine the life-cycle pattern of these parks as a discrete unit of tourist area development and to consider the sector's future. The sector's history is framed within Butler's (Canadian Geographer 24(1): 5–12 (1980)) concept of the tourist area life cycle (TALC). The historical data demonstrate the urban and market change that has occurred around and within caravan parks of this coastal region over almost two centuries. The pattern of caravan park development and evolution conformed to the involvement, exploration, development, consolidation and stagnation stages of the TALC. In 2011, caravan parks in the Tweed region were at a critical tipping point with potential for either decline or rejuvenation. 相似文献
3.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101492
Northeast Asian continental margins contain the products of magma emplacement driven by prolonged subduction of the (paleo-)Pacific plate. As observed in many Cordilleran arcs, magmatic evolution in this area was punctuated by high-volume pulses amid background periods. The present study investigates the early evolution of the Cretaceous magmatic flare-up using new and published geochronological, geochemical, and O-Hf isotope data from plutonic rocks in the southern Korean Peninsula. After a long (～50 m.y.) magmatic hiatus and the development of the Honam Shear Zone through flat-slab subduction, the Cretaceous flare-up began with the intrusion of monzonites, granodiorites, and granites in the inboard Gyeonggi Massif and the intervening Okcheon Belt. Compared to Jurassic granitoids formed during the former flare-up, Albian (～111 Ma) monzonites found in the Eopyeong area of the Okcheon Belt have distinctly higher zircon εHf(t) (?7.5 ± 1.3) and δ18O (7.78‰ ± 0.25‰) values and lower whole-rock La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios. The voluminous coeval granodiorite and granite plutons in the Gyeonggi Massif are further reduced in Sr/Y and to a lesser extent, in La/Yb, and have higher zircon εHf(t) values (?13 to ?19) than the Precambrian basement (ca. ?30). These chemical and isotopic features indicate that Early Cretaceous lithospheric thinning, most likely resulting from delamination of tectonically and magmatically overthickened lithospheric keel that was metasomatized during prior subduction episodes, and consequent asthenospheric upwelling played vital roles in igniting the magmatic flare-up. The O-Hf isotopic ranges of synmagmatic zircons from the Albian plutons and their Paleoproterozoic and Jurassic inheritance attest to the involvement of lithospheric mantle and crustal basement in magma generation during this decratonization event. Arc magmatism then migrated trenchward and culminated in the Late Cretaceous, yielding widespread granitoid rocks emplaced at shallow crustal levels. The early Late Cretaceous (94–85 Ma) granites now prevalent in Seoraksan-Woraksan-Sokrisan National Parks are highly silicic and display flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns with deep Eu anomalies. Synmagmatic zircons in these granites mimic their host rock’s chemistry. Delamination-related rejuvenation of crustal protoliths is indicated by zircon εHf(t) values of granites (?6 to ?20) that are consistently higher than the Precambrian basement value. Concomitant core-to-rim variation in zircon O-Hf isotopic compositions reflects a typical sequence of crustal assimilation and fresh input into the magma chamber. 相似文献
4.
在ICT技术推动下,地图学的发展迎来空前的挑战,本文针对当前地图学的发展面临的问题和转变,深入分析传统地图学的限制——物理空间的传统约束,面向现代地图的形式松散化,从现实与虚拟、外表与内里、纸质与电子等8个方面论述现代地图学信息空间的数字自由,并针对数字时代和大数据的发展机遇和需求,拓展地图学框架,同化新兴元素,推动地图学复兴。 相似文献
5.
Rejuvenation of Fossil Sutures and Related Mesozoic Intracontinental Orogenies in South China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Huanan (South China) subcontinent was created by amalgamation of the Yangtze, Xianggan, Ca-thaysia and Zhemin microcontinents by the Guangxi orogeny in the Early Palaeozoic. The closure of the Tethyan Ocean and subsequent collision event outside the amalgamated continent reactivated fossil sutures and resulted in in-tracontinental (ensialic) orogenies in the Mesozoic. Based on evidence from deformation, molasse and granitoids, the Sichuan-Guizhou-Hunan-southern Hubei and Hunan-Jiangxi-Fujian Yanshanian fold-thrust systems and the Lower Yangtze-northwestern Fujian Indosinian fold-thrust system are thought to be intracontinental orogens. Their main features are as follows: intracontinental orogenies occurred areally, thrusting propagated towards the interior of the continental, they extend parallelly to the strikes of the fossil sutures, and the details of the temporal-spatial evolution of the orogens depend on subduction-collision events. 相似文献
6.
旅游地衰退与复苏的驱动力分析--以几个典型旅游景区为例 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
旅游发展到现阶段，部分旅游地面临着衰退的威胁。有些旅游地走向衰退后，外界所做的一些努力未能使它们走向复苏，如七星岩、岳阳楼；有些旅游地走向衰退后，经过外界努力，它们却走向了复苏，如丹霞山、鼎湖山。通过对这些案例的分析与比较研究，运用形象本底分析等方法，得出市场潜在需求是旅游地衰退与复苏的根本驱动力的结论，并在此基础上提出了指导旅游开发的几点建议。 相似文献
7.
古深断裂活化与燕山期陆内造山运动——以川南—滇东和中扬子褶皱-冲断系为例 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
吴根耀 《大地构造与成矿学》2001,25(3):246-253
基于花岗岩侵入、构造变形和磨拉石建造(或长期隆起)提出川南—滇东和中扬子地区侏罗-白垩纪时发生造山事件。分析了造山带的内部结构、范围和动力机制,发现川南—滇东褶皱-冲断系为北东向及近南北向断裂控制发育,其西以滇中古陆块与燕山期消减型造山带相隔;中扬子褶皱-冲断系为北西向断裂控制发育,向南西扩展时止于黄陵古陆核。两者均属印支运动后出现的中国—东南亚次大陆外侧的新特提斯洋消减,及嗣后的碰撞激活拼合大陆内的古深断裂活化而发生的燕山期陆内造山运动,构成中国大地构造演化的一个显著特色。 相似文献
8.
中蒙边境及邻区位于西伯利亚板块、塔里木板块和华北克拉通的结合部位,是全球范围内重要的铀多金属成矿带之一。受多期次构造岩浆活动影响,该区前侏罗纪变质岩块体和中新生代火山-沉积岩分布广泛,深大断裂纵横交错,各类铀矿床(矿化区)星罗棋布。根据围岩类型,结构构造及成矿过程可将该区铀矿床划分为6种类型:(1)火山岩型;(2)砂岩型;(3)岩脉型;(4)褐煤型;(5)交代岩型;(6)磷灰盐型。其中火山岩型和砂岩型铀矿床具有重要经济意义。区域矿产地质研究表明,中蒙边境产出的大部分铀矿床(矿化区)与前侏罗纪变质岩块体具有密切时空分布关系。前侏罗纪变质块体可划分为2部分:(1)前寒武纪高级变质岩;(2)古生代中、低级变质岩。铀的亲石元素特性致使其在壳-幔物质发生分异时富集于地壳的硅铝层。鉴于在地壳长期演化历史中,古老变质岩已具备有较高的铀含量,那么它们在显生宙构造-岩浆活动中就为铀的富集成矿提供有利的物质条件。显生宙构造运动的形式除了断裂活化外,也包括陆相沉积盆地的上隆和下陷。铀在地壳硅铝层中的富集是通过2种方式实现的:(1)陆壳的深熔和岩浆的分异作用;(2)富铀岩体(层)的风化剥蚀和再沉积活动。研究结果表明,铀的富集过程十分缓慢,其中火山岩型铀矿床的形成作用就是长英质岩浆活动的组成部分。火山型铀矿床主要出现在中蒙边境最东端蒙古国境内,它们是中蒙古—额尔古纳地块伸展构造环境(裂陷槽为大量高钾长英质火山岩所充填)中构造-岩浆作用及相关流体活动的产物。长英质火山杂岩体内产出的若干处大型铀矿床(区)和铅-锌-银-铀矿床即是很好的佐证。一般来讲,具有强烈分异特点的富碱性火山岩及相关铀矿床大都在侏罗纪—白垩纪构造-岩浆作用对前侏罗纪岩体(层)发生强烈叠加改造部位产出,其形成作用可能与晚侏罗世—早白垩世构造-岩浆活动有关。同位素年代学(铀矿床铀-铅同位素测年)研究结果表明,铀矿体的形成时间为153~136 Ma,该时间段与其所在的多尔诺德组安山-玄武岩和流纹岩的形成时间基本一致,同时,与俄罗斯远东地区斯特尔特苏维卡(Streltsovsk)超大型铀矿床的形成时代(136~134 Ma)相吻合。矿区范围内富钾流纹岩铀含量较高(300×10~(-6)左右),暗示了这套火山岩可能为铀矿床的矿源层。另外,流纹岩中熔融包裹体铀含量(14~25)×10~(-6)进一步印证了上述推论的可靠性。与富钾长英质岩浆作用有关的热液活动对早期含铀岩体(层)的叠加改造可导致铀的进一步富集,进而形成大规模和高品位铀矿体。大量黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和白铁矿等硫化物的存在暗示了成矿作用是在还原条件下形成的。大多数砂岩型铀矿床分布在中新生代断陷盆地内,这些盆地一般为各类沉积岩(物)所充填,其中河流相、三角洲相和浅海沉积相(物)为铀矿床的容矿围岩。在所有上述沉积岩(物)中,辫状河流相沉积岩(物)是最重要的含矿层位。砂岩型铀矿床大都是断陷和凹陷带构造运动最后阶段构造-沉积联合作用的产物。盆地周缘前侏罗纪富铀岩体(层)的风化剥蚀,为砂岩型铀矿床的形成提供了丰富的物质来源。早期构造运动(176~156 Ma)为古潜水面氧化提供了有利条件并且形成了低品位铀矿化区。在晚白垩世(96 Ma)到渐新世(35Ma)时期,古陆块体抬升与沉降活动期间为氧化作用的发生创造了有利条件,并且为主要砂岩型铀矿床的形成奠定了基础。中蒙边境火山型和砂岩型铀矿床独特的地质、地球化学特征受到国内外地质学家的广泛关注。对于这些矿床的地质环境,地质和地球化学特征以及其容矿围岩的系统研究将极大地提高人们对于铀矿床成矿作用的理解。与此同时,对这些铀矿床的成因类型和勘查标志的研究也将在中蒙边境及其邻区开展隐伏铀矿床的综合评价中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
9.
Makoto Kagabu Jun Shimada Robert Delinom Toshio Nakamura Makoto Taniguchi 《水文研究》2013,27(18):2591-2604
Rapid urbanization in the Jakarta area has become a severe subsurface environmental issue as it entails groundwater level decline and land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater pumping. In this study, apparent groundwater age rejuvenation in the deep aquifer under DKI Jakarta was found by comparing 14C activities between 1985 and 2008. We discussed the use of a numerical groundwater flow model to evaluate the rejuvenation process in this urbanized area. When considering the deep aquifer in the DKI Jakarta area, we can assume six direction fluxes toward the aquifer: two vertical fluxes (downward and upward flux) and four horizontal fluxes (northern, southern, western, and eastern flux). Results of model calculations show that the greatest groundwater flux among six flux directions became ‘vertical downward flux’, which means that shallower groundwater intrudes into the deep one because of excessive groundwater pumping from the mid‐1980s. This flux grows about 50% during the 2000s. This result is consistent with the detection of CFC‐12 and SF6, which functions as an indicator of young groundwater even in the deep groundwater. The rejuvenation ratio ‘R’ was determined using 14C activity in the groundwater; R increases with the CFC‐12 concentration and both show good correlation. Furthermore, we estimated the ‘vertical downward flux’ at each well's screen depth using model estimation. Results show that this flux is greater in the urban groundwater depression area and especially at shallower parts of the deep aquifer, and that it affects the magnitude of the shallow groundwater intrusion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Naoto Hirano Hirochika Sumino Taisei Morishita Shiki Machida Takaomi Kawano Kazutaka Yasukawa Takafumi Hirata Yasuhiro Kato Teruaki Ishii 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12386
The West Pacific Seamount Province (WPSP) represents a series of short-lived Cretaceous hotspot tracks. However, no intraplate volcanoes in advance of petit-spot volcanism erupted near a trench have been identified after the formation of the WPSP on the western Pacific Plate. This study reports new ages for Paleogene volcanic edifices within the northern WPSP, specifically the Ogasawara Plateau and related ridges, and Minamitorishima Island. These Paleogene ages are the first reported for basaltic rocks on western Pacific seamounts, in an area that has previously only yielded Cretaceous ages. The newly found Paleogene volcanisms overprint the Early–middle Cretaceous volcanic edifices, because the seamount or paleo-island material-covered reefal limestone caps on these edifices are uniformly older than the Paleogene volcanism identified in this study. This study outlines several possible causative factors for the Paleogene volcanism overprinting onto existing Cretaceous seamounts, including volcanism related to lithospheric stress, or a younger hotspot track within the northern part of the WPSP that records magmatism from ~60 Ma. 相似文献