斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯南缘汤白矿区早侏罗世含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白云  郎兴海  王旭辉  崔志伟  谢富伟  邓煜霖  李志军  娄渝明  韩鹏  尹青  王子正  董树义  张忠  张金树  姜楷 《地质通报》2019,38(4):509-521

汤白矿区位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带西段南缘,南侧紧邻日喀则弧前盆地。矿区由地表探矿工程控制3条赋存于早侏罗世角闪石英闪长斑岩中的主矿体(1号、2号和3号),在野外地质调查的基础上,对角闪石英闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学测试。研究结果表明:(1)含矿斑岩的成岩年龄为183.3±1.2Ma,形成于早侏罗世;(2)含矿斑岩地球化学特征与大洋岛弧背景下的安山质岩石的地球化学性质一致,表明汤白矿区含矿斑岩形成于大洋岛弧环境;(3)西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带具有寻找俯冲期斑岩型矿床的巨大潜力,今后应加强该带俯冲期斑岩型矿床的勘查评价工作,特别是早—中侏罗世斑岩的成矿潜力评价。  相似文献   

西藏弄如日金矿床花岗斑岩年代学与岩石成因   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟婉婷  多吉  李明礼  黄勇  黄瀚霄  李光明  张林奎  董随亮 《岩石学报》2019,35(3):913-933

弄如日矿区发育中新世浅成花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩两类岩体,本文对这两类花岗斑岩体进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年和系统的岩体地质、岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩近于同期侵入,前者为未分异或弱分异花岗岩,后者为高分异花岗岩。花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩的侵位年龄测试结果表明,前者形成时代为20. 3±0. 8Ma,后者形成于20. 20±0. 41Ma～20. 51±0. 52Ma。花岗闪长斑岩具有低硅、低钾、低碱、高铝的特点,SiO_2介于63. 37%～66. 78%之间,Al2O3变化于15. 14%～16. 04%,Na_2O+K_2O=4. 46%～5. 33%,A/CNK=1. 13～1. 26,稀土总量高,重稀土和Y含量低,具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学特点,主体为Ⅰ型花岗岩。二长花岗斑岩具有高硅、高钾、高碱、低铝、稀土总量低的特点,SiO_2=70. 46%～77. 17%,Al_2O_3=12. 22%～15. 06%,Na_2O+K_2O=7. 14%～7. 98%,A/CNK=1. 03～1. 21,稀土总量低,为Ⅰ型花岗岩。两种岩石稀土元素分配典线呈右倾型,均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr);此外,花岗闪长斑岩轻重稀土分馏明显,而二长花岗斑岩中稀土和重稀土分馏不明显。花岗闪长斑岩形成于弄如日矿区加厚下地壳中变基性岩的部分熔融,变基性岩很可能是榴辉岩(可能含有角闪石),部分熔融后的残留物以石榴石为主,含金红石。二长花岗斑岩可能是由花岗闪长斑岩浆通过分离结晶衍生而来,分离结晶的矿物包括斜长石、黑云母、钾长石、钛铁矿、榍石、磷灰石等。综合研究表明,弄如日金矿成矿时代略晚于花岗闪长斑岩侵位,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩及其分异的二长花岗斑岩关系密切。花岗闪长斑岩及二长花岗斑岩的侵位时代及成因研究,对揭示弄如日金矿矿床成因有重要意义,也为区域寻找该类矿床指明了方向。  相似文献   

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境，并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素，获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma，表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征，富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb），亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素，稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型，具有明显的负Eu异常；显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩，形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境，其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前，属于挤压造山环境，表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

The Late Early Cretaceous Mo Mineralization in the South China Mo Province: Constraints from U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Lufeng Porphyry Mo Deposit     

WANG Yongbin  ZENG Qingdong  LIU Jianming  ZHOU Lingli 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1773-1782

Compared to other Mo provinces, few studies focused on the South China Mo Province(SCMP), especially for Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization. The Lufeng porphyry Mo deposit in the SCMP is characterized by disseminated and veinlet-type mineralization in granite porphyry, gneiss, and rhyolite. In this study, six molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron age of 108.0±1.8 Ma, which is consistent with the zircon U–Pb age of the granite porphyry(108.4±0.8 Ma). The coincidence of magmatic and hydrothermal activities indicates that Mo mineralization was associated with the intrusion of granite porphyry during the late Early Cretaceous. A compilation of U–Pb and Re–Os chronological data suggests that an extensive and intensive Mo mineralization event occurred in the SCMP during the late Early Cretaceous. The marked difference in molybdenite Re contents between Cu-bearing(85–536 ppm) and Cu-barren(1.3–59 ppm) Mo deposits of the late Early Cretaceous indicates that the ore-forming materials were derived from strong crust–mantle interactions. Together with regional petrological and geochemical data, this study suggests that late Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization in the SCMP occurred in an extensional setting associated with the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific slab.  相似文献   

Cu–Mo Differential Mineralization Mechanism of the Dabate Polymetallic Deposit in Western Tianshan,NW China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Oxygen Isotope Systematics     

Rui Cao  Shengchao Yan  Bin Chen  Keke Sun  Qinglin Zhang  Haodong Gu 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):50-69

Classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits are mostly characterized by close temporal and spatial relationships between Cu and Mo mineralization. The northern Dabate Cu–Mo deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Cu–Mo polymetallic deposit in western Tianshan, northwest China. The Cu mineralization postdates the Mo mineralization and is located in shallower levels in the deposit, which is different from most classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. Detailed field investigations, together with microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and O‐isotope studies of fluid inclusions, were conducted to investigate the origin and evolution of ore‐forming fluids from the main Mo to main Cu stage of mineralization in the deposit. The results show that the ore‐forming fluids of the main Mo stage belonged to an NaCl + H₂O system of medium to high temperatures (280–310°C) and low salinities (2–4 wt% NaCl equivalent (eq.)), whereas that of the main Cu stage belonged to an F‐rich NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O system of medium to high temperatures (230–260°C) and medium to low salinities (4–10 wt% NaCl eq.). The δ¹⁸O values of the ore‐forming fluids decrease from 3.7–7.8‰ in the main Mo stage to ?7.5 to ?2.9‰ in the main Cu stage. These data indicate that the separation of Cu and Mo was closely related to a large‐scale vapor–brine separation of the early ore‐forming fluids, which produced the Mo‐bearing and Cu‐bearing fluids. Subsequently, the relatively reducing (CH₄‐rich) Mo‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids, dominantly of magmatic origin, caused mineralization in the rhyolite porphyry due to fluid boiling, whereas the relatively oxidizing (CO₂‐rich) Cu‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids mixed with meteoric water and precipitated chalcopyrite within the crushed zone at the contact between rhyolite porphyry and wall rock. We suggest that the separation of Cu and Mo in the deposit may be attributed to differences in the chemical properties of Cu and Mo, large‐scale vapor–brine separation of early ore‐forming fluids, and changes in oxygen fugacity.  相似文献   

甘肃柳园地区早二叠世正长花岗斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征——对北山造山带晚古生代构造背景的指示     

孙海瑞  吕志成  于晓飞  李永胜  杜泽忠  吕鑫  公凡影 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1433-1449

甘肃北山地区位于中亚造山带中段，是诠释中亚造山带构造演化的关键区域之一，长期以来受到地质学界的广泛关注。柳园地区位于甘肃北山南带，区内脉岩发育，这些岩脉的研究可以为阐释北山造山带晚古生代构造背景提供更多证据。基于此，本文选取位于甘肃柳园地区的正长花岗斑岩脉开展了系统的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析显示，岩脉侵位于早二叠世（（288.5±1.4）Ma）。全岩地球化学分析显示，正长花岗斑岩脉的SiO₂和全碱质量分数较高，Fe、Mg、Ca、Al和P质量分数较低，Rb、Th、U和Pb相对富集，Ba、Nb、La、Ce、Sr和Ti等元素相对亏损，Eu负异常显著，具有较高的Rb/Sr值和较低的K/Rb值及锆石饱和温度（730~844℃，集中于740℃左右），显示该岩脉为高钾钙碱性高分异I型花岗岩，并具有俯冲带岩浆活动的地球化学特征。正长花岗斑岩脉具有较低的Zr/Hf值（18.42~28.01，平均值为22.37）和Th/U值（3.82~7.99，平均值为5.34），与平均地壳组分接近，锆石ε_Hf（t）值为2.94~9.66，平均值为5.72，T_DM2值为955~611 Ma，指示源区主体为新元古代地壳的部分熔融，并存在幔源物质加入。根据构造判别图解并结合前人关于二叠纪区域构造变形、盆地沉积物源、岩浆演化等方面的研究结果，笔者认为该正长花岗斑岩脉形成于俯冲作用过程中的局部伸展环境，并认为北山地区增生造山事件至少持续到早二叠世。  相似文献   

Discriminating characters of ore-forming intrusions in the super-large Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit,NE China     

Peixin Duan  Cui Liu  Xuanxue Mo  Jinfu Deng  Jinhua Qin  Yu Zhang  Shipan Tian 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1417-1431

The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, located in the Great Hinggan Range, is the largest Mo deposit in northeast China, although the age and genesis of the associated magmatic intrusions remain debated.Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry and Sre Nd isotope data with a view to understand the relationship between the magmatism and molybdenum mineralization.Zircon U-Pb analysis yield an age of 475 Ma for rhyolite in the older strata, 168 Ma for the premineralization monzogranite, and 154 Ma for the syn-mineralization granite porphyry. The granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are considered as the ore-forming intrusions. These rocks are peraluminous, alkali-calcic, and belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with a strong depletion of Eu. They also display characteristics of I-type granites. The rocks exhibit wide variations of(87 Sr/86 Sr)iin the range of 0.705426 -0.707363, and ε_(Nd)(t) of -3.7 to 0.93. Zircon REE distribution patterns show characteristics between crust and the mantle, implying magma genesis through crust-mantle interaction. The Fe_2O_3/FeO values(average 1) for the whole rock and EuN/Eu*Nvalues(average 0.45), Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+) values(average 301)for zircon grains from the granite porphyry are higher than those from other lithologies. These features suggest that the ore-forming intrusions(syn-mineralization porphyry) had higher oxygen fugacity conditions than those of the pre-mineralization and post-mineralization rocks. The Chalukou Mo deposit formed in relation to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Our study suggests that the subduction-related setting, crust-mantle interaction, and the large-scale magmatic intrusion were favorable factors to generate the super-large Mo deposits in this area.  相似文献   

黑龙江铁力鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床埃达克岩的发现及其地质意义     

郗爱华  葛玉辉  刘珏  徐博文  李碧乐  朱玉娣 《岩石学报》2018,34(3):719-732

鹿鸣钼矿是伊春-延寿成矿带内近年发现的大型斑岩钼矿,矿区主要出露含矿的二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩,不含矿的花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩四种岩性。二长花岗岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的低Sr高Y等地球化学特征,形成于194.8±0.7Ma~184Ma前后的早侏罗世,是斑岩型矿床的赋矿围岩。花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩含有暗色岩包体,主要为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,但以高Sr、低Y及富Na为特征,部分地球化学指标与中国东部埃达克岩极为相似,形成于176.2±2.1Ma并与辉钼矿Re-Os法获得的成矿年龄一致,被认定为斑岩型矿床的成矿母岩。高Sr和低Sr两类花岗岩形成于不同的构造背景,与中生代时期中国东部及其邻区几次重大地质事件密切相关。鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床与中侏罗世太平洋板块俯冲在高氧逸度条件下熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆高侵位有关。鹿鸣矿区埃达克岩的发现表明中侏罗世太平洋板块已经发生了萎缩与消减,与之相关的岩浆作用及成矿应该具有广泛的区域性,扎实的岩石学工作可为区域更多斑岩型矿床的发现提供线索。  相似文献   

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床中磷灰石的地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

邢凯  舒启海  赵鹤森  徐浩楠 《岩石学报》2018,34(5):1427-1440

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床位于三江特提斯构造带义敦岛弧南端,是晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋壳俯冲背景下的成矿作用产物。本文选取普朗矿床含矿石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩中蚀变和未蚀变磷灰石进行研究,以探讨其对成岩、成矿作用的指示意义。结果显示,相比于未蚀变磷灰石,蚀变磷灰石的Na、S、Mn、Ca、Y及REE等元素含量均有不同程度的降低。总体而言,普朗矿床中磷灰石均具有高Sr、δEu,低Y的特征,指示了其母岩浆具似埃达克质特点。本次研究表明磷灰石的卤素、Sr和REE可以用来追踪成矿母岩浆成分、氧化状态和结晶演化过程。与三叠纪不成矿的休瓦促岩体相比,普朗矿床成矿岩体的磷灰石具高δEu、低Mn和δCe的特点,且δEu和δCe总体呈负相关趋势,表明普朗矿床成矿岩体氧逸度相对较高。此外,磷灰石中(La/Sm)_N、(La/Yb)_N和(Sm/Yb)_N比值降低可能是岩浆中独居石结晶或含Cl热液出溶的结果。与邻区的春都矿床、白垩纪休瓦促成矿岩体对比研究表明,普朗斑岩成矿岩浆具有高Cl/F特征,可能形成于典型的大洋俯冲环境。  相似文献