“一带一路”沿线国家石油资源流动类型演变     

孙琪  赵媛  张新林  夏四友 《世界地理研究》2020,29(2):337-345

综合运用石油自给率、流动比率等方法，以“一带一路”沿线国家为研究对象，对1995—2014年各国石油资源流动类型时空演变进行研究。结果表明：1）1995—2014年石油净补给型国家数量较为稳定，无产型或低产型国家的石油贸易倾向变化相对较小；基本自给型国家数量占比最大，1995年占比1/2，其余四个年份占比稳定在1/3；净支出型国家数量显著增加，至2014年其中有5个国家保持不变，表明这些国家的石油产量具有较大的优势。2）1995年和2014年汇地国家均为39个国家，其中有34个国家一直保持汇地职能，空间分布上呈东多西少，南多北少，东西分化以西亚、中亚、东欧为界；有14个国家一直保持源地职能，其空间分布格局与汇地相应，西多东少，南多北少，主要分布于西亚、东欧及中亚；交流地数量较少，呈分散分布，且分布地不稳定。3）从数量变化来看，研究期内汇地略有增加，源地略有减少，交流地略有增加；“一带一路”源地总出口量与汇地总进口量的比呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

青海共和盆地地热资源热源机制与聚热模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐显春  王贵玲  马岩  张代磊  刘忠  赵旭  程天君 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2052-2065

青海共和盆地东侧贵德扎仓热田是探讨共和盆地地热资源成因的关键地区。本文综合区域地质、岩石热物性、同位素年代学、水文地球化学和地球物理测量等方法,重点分析了共和盆地的构造背景和热源机制,深入研究了共和盆地地热能系统的关键环节。研究发现:①识别出盆地地壳15 km以下深度发育高导体,并可与新生代青藏高原东部中-下地壳发育的层状低速高导层对比;②近NW-NS向的瓦里贡左旋走滑逆冲断裂是扎仓热田重要的控热和导热断裂;③晚中生代花岗岩与上覆围岩具有显著的热导率;④温泉氢氧同位素指示水源以地表水补给为主;⑤存在浅层新生界碎屑岩中-低温热储和深层花岗岩中-高温热储,发育四层两类地热资源。综合分析提出了共和盆地干热岩三元聚热模式:即新生代中-下地壳发育的高温低速高导层是主要热源,中晚三叠世花岗岩是良好的导热和储热体,既是干热岩母岩,也是热储,新生代低热导率沉积岩是良好的盖层。研究对于青藏高原地热成因、资源预测、开发规划等具有参考意义。  相似文献   

Beaver dam analogues drive heterogeneous groundwater–surface water interactions     

Jeffrey Wade  Laura Lautz  Christa Kelleher  Philippe Vidon  Julianne Davis  Julio Beltran  Casey Pearce 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5340-5353

Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) are a cost-effective stream restoration approach that leverages the recognized environmental benefits of natural beaver dams on channel stability and local hydrology. Although natural beaver dams are known to exert considerable influence on the hydrologic conditions of a stream system by mediating geomorphic processes, nutrient cycling, and groundwater–surface water interactions, the impacts of beaver-derived restoration methods on groundwater–surface water exchange are poorly characterized. To address this deficit, we monitored hyporheic exchange fluxes and streambed porewater biogeochemistry across a sequence of BDAs installed along a central Wyoming stream during the summer of 2019. Streambed fluxes were quantified by heat tracing methods and vertical hydraulic gradients. Biogeochemical activity was evaluated using major ion porewater chemistry and principal component analysis. Vertical fluxes of approximately 1.0 m/day were observed around the BDAs, as was the development of spatially heterogeneous zones of nitrate production, groundwater upwelling, and anaerobic reduction. Strong contrasts in hyporheic zone processes were observed across BDAs of differing sizes. This suggests that structures may function with size-dependent behaviour, only altering groundwater–surface water interactions after a threshold hydraulic step height is exceeded. Patterns of hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical cycling around the studied BDAs resemble those around natural beaver dams, suggesting that BDAs may provide comparable benefits to channel complexity and near-stream function over a 1-year period.  相似文献   

Talus slope geomorphology investigated at multiple time scales from high-resolution topographic surveys and historical aerial photographs (Sanetsch Pass,Switzerland)     

Hanne Hendrickx  Lars De Sloover  Cornelis Stal  Reynald Delaloye  Jan Nyssen  Amaury Frankl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3653-3669

Talus slopes are common places for debris storage in high-mountain environments and form an important step in the alpine sediment cascade. To understand slope instabilities and sediment transfers, detailed investigations of talus slope geomorphology are needed. Therefore, this study presents a detailed analysis of a talus slope on Col du Sanetsch (Swiss Alps), which is investigated at multiple time scales using high-resolution topographic (HRT) surveys and historical aerial photographs. HRT surveys were collected during three consecutive summers (2017–2019), using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. To date, very few studies exist that use HRT methods on talus slopes, especially to the extent of our study area (2 km²). Data acquisition from ground control and in situ field observations is challenging on a talus slope due to the steep terrain (30–37°) and high surface roughness. This results in a poor spatial distribution of ground control points (GCPs), causing unwanted deformation of up to 2 m in the gathered UAV-derived HRT data. The co-alignment of UAV imagery from different survey dates improved this deformation significantly, as validated by the TLS data. Sediment transfer is dominated by small-scale but widespread snow push processes. Pre-existing debris flow channels are prone to erosion and redeposition of material within the channel. A debris flow event of high magnitude occurred in the summer of 2019, as a result of several convective thunderstorms. While low-magnitude (<5,000 m³) debris flow events are frequent throughout the historical record with a return period of 10–20 years, this 2019 event exceeded all historical debris flow events since 1946 in both extent and volume. Future climate predictions show an increase of such intense precipitation events in the region, potentially altering the frequency of debris flows in the study area and changing the dominant geomorphic process which are active on such talus slopes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

路网约束条件下热力规则设计与试验     

杜晓  周玉秀  周琦  郑义  张俊辉  林尚纬  陈利军 《测绘通报》2020,(7):18-21

热力图是一种能直观准确展示空间观测值的有效工具，在多个领域具有广泛应用。本文在分析设定不同道路层权重、道路技术等级分类的基础上，以反距离权重、直方图均衡化、密度补偿、参数多次迭代等方法，研究构建了以热力方式展示道路网分布及发达程度的相关规则体系。热力规则通过道路赋权、路线曲面化、密度协调、图面综合等多套规则的有机结合，实现了道路网总体发达水平信息的提取与展示，并以全球地理信息资源建设项目路网成果中的亚洲和非洲部分国家数据为例，进行了信息提取与热力分布试验。  相似文献   

一种由粗到精的地面激光点云多层级配准方法     

王英  张云生 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):156-159

提出了一种综合利用快速点特征直方图(FPFH)描述符和同名点引导ICP优化的地面激光扫描(TLS)点云配准方法。该方法包括3个步骤:1)点云金字塔构建;2)基于FPFH的粗配准;3)同名点引导的ICP精配准。首先使用体素网格滤波器构造点云的金字塔结构,在粗配准时,FPFH描述符用于金字塔顶层上点云的鲁棒匹配,在此基础上,再进行两层级同名点引导的ICP精配准优化,使用3组典型TLS点云对进行实验,结果表明本文方法可以高效地完成TLS点云的配准。  相似文献   

Swelter in the city: Urban greenery and its effects on temperature in Guwahati,India     

Monjit Borthakur  Anup Saikia  Kiran Sharma 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(3):341-366

Changing urban landscape with multistoried high rises, roads and pavements is continuously reducing urban green space. These structures result in high surface temperature variation within cities. To explore the relationship between surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), this study estimates two models—geographically weighted regression (GWR) and a fixed effect panel data model in relation to the Guwahati Metropolitan Area (GMA), a secondary city in north east India. The results indicate the superiority of GWR regression in presence of spatial dependence. Panel data analysis shows that the densely populated urban areas in the GMA with less than 10 per cent greenery are 1°C warmer than the sub-urban areas with 50 per cent greenery.  相似文献   

Mixed sand–mud bedforms produced by transient turbulent flows in the fringe of submarine fans: Indicators of flow transformation     

Megan L. Baker  Jaco H. Baas 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2645-2671

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燕山中部大地热流及岩石圈热结构特征——以承德市七家- 茅荆坝地热田为例     

刘峰  王贵玲  张薇  岳晨  陆川  黄起伟  欧小科 《地质学报》2020,94(7):1950-1959

燕山中部地区地热资源丰富,地热地质条件较好,但该地区大地热流测量工作较少,岩石圈热结构研究尚未开展,制约了该地区的地热地质研究与资源勘探开发。本文以该地区的七家-茅荆坝地热田为典型区,结合地温测井、取样测试、数据收集与分析,初步查明燕山中部大地热流特征及浅部-深部岩层热物性特征,填补了大地热流值测量空白区,在此基础上建立了研究区热结构概念模型,估算其深部地温分布。研究得出燕山中部大地热流值变化较大,平均约57 mW/m~2,与周边温泉水温存在较好的相关关系。其中七家-茅荆坝地热田大地热流值较高,为74.9 mW/m~2。通过深部地温分布计算得出七家—茅荆坝地区居里面埋深为21.5～22.8 km,莫霍面温度约815℃,分析结果与前人研究成果较为一致,验证了本文所建立岩石圈热结构模型的准确性。  相似文献   

基于高导热材料填充漏失构造的深井换热器性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卜宪标  蒋坤卿  李华山  王令宝 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2139-2146

地热供暖可有效缓解北方雾霾天气。干热岩虽然储量丰富，但增强型地热技术由于开发费用较高，裂隙控制以及避免诱发地震的技术尚不成熟，现阶段还不能商业化应用。水热型地热开发技术虽较成熟，但受资源条件的限制，开发规模较小。对于大多地区，受地质构造和资源禀赋的控制，单井产水量较低或者回灌难，开发经济效益较差。深井换热器（DBHE）技术是开采地热水低产区或回灌难地区热能的有效方式，但受制于岩石导热系数低，单井输出功率小，投资回收期长。为提高DBHE的输出功率，本文提出了增强型深井换热器（EDBHE），通过主动将高导热性能的复合填充剂流进漏失构造的方式提高岩石的导热性能，通过调节回压、密度和黏度来控制漏失量。研究结果表明，单井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率为1002. 34 kW，是DBHE(424. 45 kW)的2. 36倍。而双井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率更是达到了27501. 61 kW，且热输出稳定，每年的衰减率0. 95%。EDBHE技术有效利用了出水量低或回灌难的水热型热储，大幅提高了其出力，扩大了地热供暖的应用范围。  相似文献