Paleogene stratigraphy of Kutch,India: an update about progress in foraminiferal biostratigraphy     

Pratul Kumar Saraswati  Sonal Khanolkar  Santanu Banerjee 《Geodinamica Acta》2018,30(1):100-118

The Paleogene sections of Kutch are the reference for the regional chronostratigraphic units of India. The ages of these dominantly shallow marine carbonates are mainly based on larger benthic foraminifera (LBF). The taxonomic revisions of the LBF and the progressively refined shallow benthic zonations (SBZ) have necessitated the present study on updating the stratigraphy of the area. The sedimentation in Kutch commenced with the deposition of volcaniclastics in terrestrial environments in the Paleocene. The marine transgression in SBZ 5/6 deposited finer clastics and carbonates, designated as Naredi Formation, in early Eocene. There is no evidence of marine Paleocene in Kutch. A major hiatus spanning SBZ 12 to SBZ 16 was followed by the development of a carbonate platform and deposition of Harudi Formation – Fulra Limestone during the Bartonian, SBZ 17. The hiatus corresponds to a widespread stratigraphic break in Pakistan and India to Australia, referred as the ‘Lutetian Gap.’ The Maniyara Fort Formation is assigned to SBZ 22 B and SBZ 23, and its age is revised to Chattian. Climate played a major role in building up of the Paleogene stratigraphic succession of Kutch, the carbonates formed during the warming intervals and the stratigraphic gaps were in the intervening cooling periods.  相似文献   

A detailed luminescence chronology of the Lower Volga loess-palaeosol sequence at Leninsk     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

We present a detailed luminescence chronology of the loess-palaeosol sequences in the Lower Volga region of Russia at the Leninsk site – an important palaeogeographic archive describing the climate and environmental conditions of regressive stages of the Caspian Sea. The chronology of these sediments has received very little attention compared to the under- and overlying marine deposits. The degree of bleaching was addressed by making use of the differential resetting rates of quartz and feldspar. Our results show that the quartz OSL and feldspar pIRIR_50,290 signals were sufficiently bleached before deposition and uncertainties in bleaching have a negligible impact on the reliability of the luminescence ages. The combined quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR_50,290 chronology constrains the main stages of the Northern Caspian Lowland evolution during the Late Quaternary. During early MIS 5 (130–120 ka), the northern part of the Lower Volga was covered by a shallow brackish water estuary of the warm Late Khazarian Caspian Sea transgression. After ∼122 ka, the Volga incised the Northern Caspian Lowland surface following sea-level decrease and the start of subaerial conditions at Leninsk. Loess accumulation rate increased towards the end of MIS 5 and two palaeosols of presumably MIS 5с and MIS 5a age formed, exhibiting features evidencing a dry, cold climate, influenced by long seasonal flooding by the Volga River. Cryogenesis affecting the MIS 5a soil is a regional phenomenon and is dated to between ∼70 and 90 ka. The overlying thick Atelian loess unit formed during the cold periods of MIS 4 and MIS 3. Clear erosional features at the top of the Atelian loess are constrained by luminescence to ∼35 to ∼24 ka, allowing reconstruction of erosion of 150–200 cm of loess.  相似文献   

火山活动与海侵影响下的典型湖相页岩有机质保存差异分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李鹏  刘全有  毕赫  孟庆强 《地质学报》2021,95(3):632-642

黑色富有机质页岩是页岩油气生成和赋存的主要母体,是强还原环境水体的沉积产物,在其形成过程中,细菌硫酸盐还原作用(BSR)对水体环境影响明显,但BSR强度如何影响有机质的保存尚未得到关注。我国陆相湖盆富有机质泥页岩广泛发育,形成过程中常常伴随有火山活动或者海侵等事件,大量硫酸盐进入湖盆,改变水体的沉积环境,不同环境下BSR对黑色页岩有机质保存的影响明显不同。本次研究选取鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段页岩、松辽盆地青山口组和嫩江组页岩作为对象,同时与现代沉积物进行对比。研究表明,TOC与TS之间关系复杂,但细菌硫酸盐还原强度指数(SRI)与TOC呈现幂指数变化,且表现出两阶段变化的特征。当SRI大于1.375时,TOC整体偏低,指示了强硫酸盐还原作用消耗大量有机质;当SRI小于1.375时,TOC明显较高,指示了弱硫酸盐还原作用对有机质消耗相对较少,更有利于有机质保存。火山活动和海侵作用均向水体提供了大量硫酸盐,但对陆相湖盆页岩中有机质的保存影响不同。火山活动影响的长7段页岩SRI普遍小于1.375,BSR对有机质消耗相对弱,页岩TOC高。而受海侵影响的青山口组一段底部和嫩江组一段底部页岩SRI大于1.375,BSR过度消耗了大量有机质,使得页岩TOC偏低。嫩江组一段下部SRI指数更高,海侵强度更大,BSR反应更强,更不利于有机质保存。  相似文献   

Sedimentological and ichnological implications of rapid Holocene flooding of a gently sloping mud‐dominated incised valley – an example from the Red River (Gulf of Tonkin)          下载免费PDF全文

Andreas Wetzel  Agata Szczygielski  Daniel Unverricht  Karl Stattegger 《Sedimentology》2017,64(5):1173-1202

The Gulf of Tonkin coastline migrated at an average rate of ca 60 m year^?1 landward during Holocene sea‐level rise (20 to 8 ka). Due to a combination of rapid coastline migration and undersupply of sand, neither coastal barriers nor tidal sand bars developed at the mouth of the Red River incised valley. Only a 30 to 80 cm thick sandy interval formed at the base of full‐marine deposits. Thus, the river mouth represented a mud‐dominated open funnel‐shaped estuary during transgression. At the base of the valley fill, a thin fluvial lag deposit marks a period of lowered sea‐level when the river did not reach geomorphic equilibrium and was thus prone to erosion. The onset of base‐level rise is documented by non‐bioturbated to sparsely bioturbated mud that occasionally contains pyrite indicating short‐term seawater incursions. Siderite in overlying deposits points to low‐salinity estuarine conditions. The open funnel‐shaped river mouth favoured upstream incursion of seawater that varied inversely to the seasonal strongly fluctuating discharge: several centimetres to a few tens of centimetres thick intervals showing marine or freshwater dominance alternate, as indicated by bioturbational and physical sedimentary structures, and by the presence of Fe sulphides or siderite, respectively. Recurrent short‐term seawater incursions stressed the burrowing fauna. The degree of bioturbation increases upward corresponding to increasing marine influence. The uppermost estuarine sediments are completely bioturbated. The estuarine deposits aggraded on average rapidly, up to several metres kyr^?1. Siphonichnidal burrows produced by bivalves, however, document recurrent episodes of enhanced deposition (>0·5 m) and pronounced erosion (<1 m) that are otherwise not recorded. The slope of the incised valley affected the sedimentary facies. In steep valley segments, the marine transgressive surface (equivalent to the onset of full‐marine conditions) is accentuated by the Glossifungites ichnofacies, whereas in gently sloped valley segments the marine transgressive surface is gradational and bioturbated. Marine deposits are completely bioturbated.  相似文献   

Holocene transgression of the Rhine river mouth area,The Netherlands/Southern North Sea: palaeogeography and sequence stratigraphy     

KIM M. COHEN 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1453-1485

This study presents a detailed reconstruction of the palaeogeography of the Rhine valley (western Netherlands) during the Holocene transgression with systems tracts placed in a precise sea‐level context. This approach permits comparison of actual versus conceptual boundaries of the lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The inland position of the highstand Rhine river mouth on a wide, low‐gradient continental shelf meant that base‐level changes were the dominant control on sedimentation for a relatively short period of the last glacial cycle. Systems in such inland positions predominantly record changes in the balance between river discharge and sediment load, and preserve excellent records of climatic changes or other catchment‐induced forcing. It is shown here that the transgressive systems tract‐part of the coastal prism formed in three stages: (i) the millennium before 8·45 ka bp , when the area was dominated by fluvial environments with extensive wetlands; (ii) the millennium after 8·45 ka, characterized by strong erosion, increasing tidal amplitudes and bay‐head delta development; and (iii) the period between 7·5 and 6·3 ka bp when the Rhine avulsed multiple times and the maximum flooding surface formed. The diachroneity of the transgressive surface is strongly suppressed because of a pulse of accelerated sea‐level rise at 8·45 ka bp . That event not only had a strong effect on preservation, but has circum‐oceanic stratigraphical relevance as it divides the early and middle Holocene parts of coastal successions worldwide. The palaeogeographical reconstruction offers a unique full spatial–temporal view on the coastal and fluvial dynamics of a major river mouth under brief rapid forced transgression. This reconstruction is of relevance for Holocene and ancient transgressive systems worldwide, and for next‐century natural coasts that are predicted to experience a 1 m sea‐level rise.  相似文献   

江苏江都市大桥镇晚更新世晚期—全新世有孔虫动物群的发现及其地质意义     

韦一  韩芳  魏乃颐  于庆文  张智勇  张克信 《地质科技情报》2011,30(3):41-47

在江苏省江都市ZKA4钻孔孔深4.0～42.6 m岩心段中发现有孔虫化石,鉴定识别出有孔虫38属56种,其中9个未定种,根据有孔虫动物群在钻孔剖面上的分布规律,建立了 3个有孔虫化石组合,自上而下为:Ammonia beccarii Linne)vars.-Orbulina universa组合,Ammonia bec...  相似文献   

珠江三角洲中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来的沉积特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘子宁 《华南地质与矿产》2015,(2)

中山横栏地区在珠江三角洲第四纪地层研究中具有代表性。本文通过对该地区第四纪Ⅳ01钻孔岩性、粒度及地球化学特征的综合研究,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积特征。结果表明,珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物自下而上包含三次沉积旋回:一次晚更新世海侵旋回和两次全新世的海侵旋回,其形成的下粗上细正向序列在进积型三角洲中具有一定的特殊性;在沉积学分析的基础上,结合粒度和微量元素B、Ba、Sr的指相特征,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的海侵-海退旋回,揭示在中全新世中晚期(约5~2.5 ka BP)发生了海退过程,进一步印证中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来存在三次海侵事件的认识。  相似文献   

福建东南沿海第四纪盆地构造沉降   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张路  曲国胜  陈建强 《第四纪研究》2009,29(3):633-643

利用福建东南沿海地区城市活断层探测的研究资料，重新确认了福州、泉州和漳州盆地的断层组合与第四纪沉积。研究区内晚更新世“福州海侵”产生的炭质淤泥沉积现代高程的分析对比表明，晚更新世以来该区地壳发生不均匀隆升，而这些盆地相对于研究区内其他地区发生沉降。断层的静态位错理论研究认为，正断层深部活动引发地表的沉降，该区断裂的深部正断层活动是盆地沉降的重要因素。盆地的发展演化可划分为晚更新世以前的断陷阶段，和其间或其后的拗陷沉积阶段。  相似文献   

末次冰期晚期以来地层序列与地质环境特征——渤海南部地区沉积序列研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李广雪  庄振业  韩德亮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(1)

就渤海南部末次冰期晚期以来的地层序列与地质环境演化特征，将研究区划分出４个沉积环境区，分别选择４个典型钻孔（ＺＫ１０１，ＺＫ２２８，Ｃ３０５，Ｙ８６）进行了对比研究。选用２７个钻孔联成２８２ｋｍ长的地层剖面，剖面明显反应出郯庐断裂带挽近的运动及现代黄河三角洲体的均衡作用。同时，分析了本区全新世气候及海侵边界层  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地古近纪海侵问题研究进展及展望   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

袁文芳  陈世悦  曾昌民 《沉积学报》2005,23(4):604-612

有关渤海湾盆地古近纪是否发生过海侵的问题争论了二十多年,至今尚无定论。尽管“海侵”论者提供了矿物学、岩石学、古生态学以及地球化学等多种标志,但是因为这些标志与标准海相标志比较,都有一定差别,而且至今没有发现确实可靠的海侵通道和明显的海相性递增现象,所以又出现了“海泛”论、“海啸”论和“陆相”论。几种观点长期并存,笔者认为要解决这一问题,可以从四方面入手①深入研究渤海湾盆地的构造背景,推断海侵通道存在的可能性;②进一步厘定已有的海相标志的准确性;③寻求新的、唯一的能区分海陆相成因的证据;④搜集国外在相关层位有类似沉积的地区,进行对比研究,并探索其成因。  相似文献