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Summary The newly developed light sectioning method has been used to investigate some of the causes and costs of overbreak and underbreak. Investigations at the Aquamilpa Hydroelectric Project in Mexico have shown decreased overbreak and increased underbreak as a result of increased rock quality and decreased explosive energy. A new measure of explosive energy, the perimeter powder factor (PPF), has been defined and shown to be useful in the context of tunnel-wall rock damage. Tentative results indicate that explosive energy (PPF) may be a more important factor in producing underbreak, whereas rock quality may be a greater factor in producing overbreak. A site-specific equation is given for predicting overbreak or underbreak as a function of rock quality and explosive energy, with an evaluation of the cost of underbreak and overbreak. 相似文献
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Summary ¶Rock zones containing a high fracture density and/or soft, low cohesion materials can be highly problematic when encountered during tunnel excavation. For example in the eastern Aar massif of central Switzerland, experiences during the construction of the Gotthard highway tunnel showed that heavily fractured areas within shear zones were responsible for overbreaks in the form of chimneys several metres in height. To understand and estimate the impact of the shear zones on rock mass behaviour, knowledge concerning the rock mass strength and deformation characteristics is fundamental. A series of laboratory triaxial tests, performed on samples from granite- and gneiss-hosted shear zones revealed that with increasing degree of tectonic overprint, sample strength decreases and rock behaviour shows a transition from brittle to ductile deformation. These trends may be explained by increasing fracture densities, increasing foliation intensity, increasing thickness of fine-grained, low cohesion fracture infill, and increasing mica content associated with the increasing degree of tectonic overprint. As fracture density increases and the influence of discrete, persistent discontinuities on rock mass strength decreases, behaviour of the test samples becomes more and more representative of rock mass behaviour, i.e. that of a densely fractured continuum. For the purpose of numerical modeling calculations, the shear zones may be subdivided with respect to an increasing fracture density, foliation intensity and mica content into a strongly foliated zone, a fractured zone and a cohesionless zone, which in turn exhibit brittle, brittle-ductile and ductile rock mass constitutive behaviour, respectively.Received December 17, 2001; accepted January 9, 2003
Published online April 29, 2003 相似文献
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A. H. Wilson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1983,1(2):91-187
Summary The characteristics of soft rocks typical of the British Coal Measures are defined and a series of working hypotheses are developed to provide improved design methods for underground roadway and face supports and pillars in coal mines. Proposed design equations are tested against case history data. 相似文献
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Summary The Delivery Tunnel South forms part of a system of tunnels for conveying water from Lesotho to South Africa. The tunnel was excavated primarily by tunnel boring machine in the sandstones of the Clarens Formation. These sandstones are uniformly graded and fine grained with quartz being the most abundant mineral. They are mostly of aeolian origin. Their unconfined compressive strength varies appreciably, from moderately strong to extremely strong. The boreability of the sandstones was investigated by the Norwegian Institute of Technology tests and the total hardness. These tests showed that these sandstones would be relatively easy to bore, although moderately abrasive. The prediction proved correct. In fact, excavation of the tunnel was completed 20 months ahead of schedule, the rock conditions being better than expected. The long-term durability of these sandstones was investigated to establish criteria for concrete lining of the tunnel. A series of tests were undertaken to evaluate the durability. These included a number of soaking tests using different fluid media, wet and dry testing, erosion tests and brushing tests. This testing programme suggested that concrete lining of the intact sandstone was probably only required where the strength of the sandstone was less than 20 MPa and that therefore only a small percentage of the tunnel need be lined. 相似文献
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泥水盾构工法被广泛应用于高压富水复杂地质环境中修筑隧道,其中开挖面稳定控制是工程成败的关键,在盾构掘进时,由于刀盘不断旋转切削地层,开挖面上的泥膜处于“形成―破坏―再形成”的动态循环过程,泥膜透水性增强,这种动态泥膜作用下开挖面的稳定如何评价有待于进一步探索。对此,对泥水盾构掘进过程中的动态泥膜进行了分类,提出了考虑盾构运动和泥浆渗滤特征的动态泥膜理论。在此基础上,采用空间离散法将泥水压力引入旋转体模型,建立了考虑动态泥膜效应的开挖面稳定力学模型,提出了泥水盾构动态掘进过程中开挖面临界泥浆压力及泥浆支护效率评估方法,研究指出：当盾构在强渗透性地层中掘进时,在尽量提高泥浆成膜率的同时,应注重泥浆黏度调节,充分发挥渗透力支护作用,同时可适当提高盾构掘进速度并降低刀盘转速,有利于开挖面稳定控制。以泥浆成膜率、等效渗透系数为依据给出了泥浆支护效率设计图,研究工作对盾构掘进支护压力控制和泥浆配置有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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In this paper the problem of the superficial settlements related to tunnel mechanised excavation is analysed considering a low overburden application example. The excavation of tunnels in urban areas has actually important diffusion. This kind of work always implies to guarantee the safety and the stability of the existing superficial structures. The use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) represents a good method in these conditions and the estimation of the induced settlement represents a difficult engineering problem. The study shows the differences between three different numerical approaches; the results, function of the same loss of volume, evidence from a quantitative point of view, the ground settlement. 相似文献
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To stabilise the tunnel faces and slopes in soft clay for the Airport Link construction in Australia, fracture grouting and glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) soil nails are proposed for the soil improvement as well as ease of handling. The compensation caused by the fracture grouting and the gain in strength due to consolidation as well as the geonail have stabilised the soft clay during construction. Only a small amount of ground settlement during soft clay box-jacking operation is generated so that the railway traffic above the embankment can be maintained without interference. The design method of the fracture grouting ground improvement study for this difficult project is discussed in this paper. Extensive laboratory and field tests were employed to verify the design assumptions and to fine-tune the ground improvement studies. The success of this project in poor ground conditions results from combined efforts of extensive field tests, an improved ground improvement design method and a realistic numerical analysis to assess the unstable/highly stressed zones for the placement of soil reinforcement. 相似文献
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盾构隧道掘进全过程三维模拟方法及重叠段近接分区研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
合理地模拟盾构隧道掘进的全过程及盾构隧道重叠段近接分区是一个难点。依托深圳地铁3号线红岭中路－老街－晒布段区间重叠隧道工程进行研究,建立了能全面反映盾构隧道掘进全过程的三维模拟方法,并采用摩尔-库仑屈服准则对盾构隧道重叠段进行了横向近接分区,同时采用位移变化速率准则对盾构隧道重叠段进行了纵向近接分区。研究结果表明,盾构隧道重叠段横向近接分区为：F≤F? 时为无影响区,F?＜F＜0时为弱影响区,当F≥0时为强影响区;纵向近接分区为：小于0.3 mm/d为无影响区,0.3～1.5 mm/d为弱影响区,大于1.5 mm/d为强影响区。研究成果应用于红岭中路－老街－晒布段区间重叠隧道取得了良好的效果,并为盾构隧道掘进全过程的数值模拟以及盾构隧道重叠段区间隧道的设计与施工提供了理论支撑,同时亦可为相似工程提供参考。 相似文献
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复杂层状岩层隧道塌方原因分析与加固后信息化施工技术 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
关口垭隧道右洞Yk73+955～Yk73+925段在施工过程中出现塌方,从层状岩层分布、偏压和雨水侵蚀作用以及前期地质勘测欠准确等方面分析塌方原因,结合工程具体情况,比较分析超前小导管和长大管棚处理方案的优缺点,选择超前小导管预注浆辅以工字钢处理塌方区,在处理段增设监测断面,通过监测隧道的收敛位移和拱顶下沉量以及钢拱架的内力反映隧道围岩的稳定状况,量测结果表明,在一定时间内围岩达到稳定,表明采用超前小导管预注浆方法处理隧道塌方区效果良好。 相似文献