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罗氏沼虾育苗用水中Mg2+与Ca2+含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对出苗率的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
１９９１年３－６月和１９９２年３－６月在南汇县东海水产养殖公司对罗氏沼虾育苗用水调配原则与不同基础水的调配方法进行试验研究。结果表明，育苗用水中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋必须达到一定的范围，这是调配的基本原则。以鱼塘水作基础水时，需添加６种化学药品，其中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量可适范围分别为３００．０－４４０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ与１７０．０－２４４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾ 相似文献
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为探讨Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内代谢酶的相对独立作用和相互影响,进而为提高凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力提供理论依据,本实验采取L49(78)安排7水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,L8(27)安排2水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,开展60 d凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖试验,通过比较对虾体内消化酶、ATP酶及免疫类酶的活性以分析Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力的影响。结果表明:水体中Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对消化酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中与对虾消化吸收联系最紧密的蛋白酶中,盐度对胃蛋白酶影响显著,盐度为10时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对类胰蛋白酶影响显著,Ca2+为200 mg/L,盐度为20时,酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ATP酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中对Na+-K+-ATP酶都有显著影响,Ca2+为300 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Ca2+、Mg2+对Mg2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+对Ca2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200、300 mg/L时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内免疫酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ACP都有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,Mg2+为150 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Mg2+对AKP具有显著影响,在150 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对SOD酶活具有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,盐度为35时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度间的交互作用对体内代谢酶也有一定影响。 相似文献
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This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>NH3-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order gill > shell + appendage>viscera > muscle.. 相似文献
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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｇｉａｎｔｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ) ,Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｈｒｉｍｐ (Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)ａｎｄｇｉａｎｔｔｉｇｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｐ .ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ)ａｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｈｒｉｍｐｓｆｏｒｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ａｓｗｅｋｎｏｗ ,ｆｅｅｄｓｔｕｆｆｃｏｓｔｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｉｔｅｍｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ.Ｏｖｅｒｆｅｅｄｉｎｇｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｗａｓｔｅｆｅｅ… 相似文献
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Regulation of water quality and growth characteristics of indoor raceway culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis> 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two modes of regulating the water quality of experimental ponds in indoor raceway culture of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated using simple water treatment facilities. A self-made water purifying net, aeration stone, composite microbe
preparation, and Ceratophyllum demersum were placed in the experimental ponds and the culture water was circulated along the raceway inside the pond using a paddle
wheel aerator. In addition, the water quality in the experimental pond was improved by draining effluent from the pipeline
at the bottom of ponds 7 and 8 (mode I) and exchanging the circulating water in pond 10 (mode II) with the reservoir water
in pond 9 using a pump and pipeline. The water quality in the experimental ponds was similar in response to regulation using
mode I or mode II. Water quality parameters in the experimental ponds were controlled within a suitable range by simple facilities
during culture period without using any chemical treatments. The rich content of dissolved oxygen was maintained by the circular
flow and continuous aeration of the pond water. The respective average values of the main water parameters in experimental
ponds 7 and 10 in response to regulation of the water quality using modes I and II were as follows: pH 8.17 and 7.99; DO 5.16
mg/L and 5.97 mg/L; CODMn 18.45 and 12.61 mg/L; TAN (NH3-N) 0.854 mg/L (0.087 mg/L) and 0.427 mg/L (0.012 mg/L); NO2-N 0.489 mg/L and 0.337 mg/L. Moreover, the average body length and body weight of harvested shrimp of pond 7 and pond 10
were 7.56 cm and 8.99 cm, 5.10 g and 8.33 g, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate, average biomass yield and average
condition factor of the shrimp harvested were 70% and 60%, 2.54 kg/m2 and 2.14 kg/m2, and 0.675 g/cm and 0.927 g/cm, respectively. Linear equations describing the relationship between body length and culture
time and cubic or power functions describing the relationship between body weight and body length were obtained based on evaluation
of the growth data of shrimps throughout the culture period. 相似文献
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This study deals with the hydrochemical state and management measures for the intermediate culturepond for Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis) juveniles. The test result showed that the intermediate cultureof Chinese prawn juvenile can be advanced to around March 20 in the Shanghai area if they are culturedin ponds in simple greenhouses of plastic knitting cloth.The density of juveniles introduced was about35 million per hectare, survival was up to 55%. 相似文献
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Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is highly toxic and effective at controlling pests in agriculture, horticulture, and public health programs. In this study, static bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan to freshwater prawns( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of various lengths(1.5±0.03,4±0.08, and 7±0.06 cm). Additionally, the activities of peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and Na + /K +-ATPase were analyzed to refl ect the effects of endosulfan exposure. The 96 h LC 50 of endosulfan for prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long were 1.86, 4.53,and 6.09μg/L, respectively, improved tolerance to endosulfan with growth. The POD activities of test organisms exposed to low concentrations of endosulfan were inhibited, indicating the presence of oxygen damaged tissue. Moreover, a notable decrease in AChE activity was observed due to overstimulation of neurotransmission, which might result in abnormal behavior. The effect caused by endosulfan on phosphatase production in the hepatopancreas of prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long was different because the ability of nonspecifi c immune regulation increased with growth. The 96 h LC 50 values obtained in this study could be used in the formulation of water-quality criteria in China. Moreover, the changes in enzymes activities of M. rosenbergii under stress of endosulfan could be applied in the establishment of early warning indicators for bio-safety. 相似文献
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为研究不同类型Toll样受体基因在凡纳滨对虾免疫调控机制中的作用,实验首先通过荧光定量PCR方法检测了凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在不同组织中的表达情况。结果表明凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因m RNA在各组织中均有表达。其中,Toll1基因在肌肉,血淋巴,心脏和鳃均有较高表达,心脏表达量最高;Toll2基因在血淋巴,心脏和鳃均有较高表达,其中在鳃表达量最高;Toll3基因在鳃和心脏有较高表达,其中在鳃表达量最高。实验还对人工感染溶藻弧菌及白斑综合症病毒后凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在不同免疫组织的表达变化差异进行研究。感染白斑综合症病毒后凡纳滨对虾血淋巴及鳃中3种Toll样受体基因表达量均显著提高,并在各自达到表达峰值后逐渐下降直至恢复到感染前水平。感染溶藻弧菌后凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中3种Toll样受体基因表达量均显著提高;鳃中Toll1及Toll3表达量分别于感染后3h和12h有显著提高,而Toll2表达量无显著提高。由此推测3种Toll样受体基因均可能参与白斑综合症病毒感染所引起的免疫调控;而在溶藻弧菌感染所引起的免疫调控中,除了Toll1,Toll3参与鳃的免疫调控外,Toll2基因还参与血淋巴中的先天性免疫调控。长期感染白斑综合症病毒或溶藻弧菌后,凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在血淋巴与鳃中的表达量均显著升高,这可能与虾体在长期感染过程中,需要不断保持较高免疫水平有关。 相似文献
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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｅｎａｅｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓｉｓａｎｅｕｒｏｘｙｂｉｏｔｉｃｐｅｎａｅｉｄｐｒａｗｎ ,ｗｈｏｓｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｒａｎｇｅｆｏｒｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｓ2 0 -30ａｎｄｏｐｔｉｍａｌｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｒａｎｇｅｉｓ 2 5-30 (ＷａｎｇａｎｄＬｉｕ ,1 991 ;ＷａｎｇａｎｄＹｕ ,1 999) .Ｉｔｈａｓｇｒｅａｔｏｓｍｏｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｒｙｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ (ＭａｎｔｅｌａｎｄＦａｍｅｒ,1 983) .Ｂｕｔｉｔｓｂｅｓｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌ… 相似文献