排序方式： 共有12条查询结果，搜索用时 133 毫秒
1.
平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是南海台西南冷泉区的典型优势物种,鳃丝上皮细胞内共生大量甲烷氧化菌,通过甲烷有氧氧化合成有机物为共生体系提供物质能量,是平端深海偏顶蛤赖以生存的重要能量来源器官,溶酶体在共生体系的营养互作和稳态维持中可能发挥重要作用,本研究使用电镜技术观测了常压培养过程中(0d,30d,90d)平端深海偏顶蛤共生体系中共生菌和溶酶体的动态变化,通过鳃上皮含菌细胞超显微结构的变化研究常压培养对深海共生体系的影响,并探讨溶酶体在宿主—共生菌营养传递和共生菌群稳态维持中的关键作用。研究发现,在原位状态样品中(0d)共生菌和溶酶体呈极化分布,细胞结构完整清晰;蓄养30d后,含菌细胞出现明显破碎,共生菌数量大幅降低,溶酶体数量、范围和消化程度大幅增加,对细胞顶端的甲烷氧化菌进行分解;而90d后,共生菌在溶酶体的作用下消失殆尽,鳃部有明显细胞脱落后留下的坑洞,细胞呈现空泡状,无法明确区分各种细胞组分。上述结果展示了长期常压蓄养过程中鳃上皮含菌细胞中溶酶体与甲烷氧化菌的动态变化,推测当共生菌丢失后溶酶体也同步降低活跃度,平端深海偏顶蛤在共生互作中通过溶酶体主导消化和调控共生菌。 相似文献
2.
Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Differences among species in prosome length and in species’ response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods’ population dynamics in this human-affected bay. 相似文献
3.
基因组大小(或称C值)作为生物单倍体细胞中全套染色体的DNA总量,在一定程度上是恒定的,因而C值可以作为生物物种的一个特定参数。深海热液和冷泉为更好地理解C值与不同环境之间的关系提供了一个特征性的模型。本文采用流式细胞术,测定了来自热液和冷泉环境中的10种深海无脊椎动物的C值,其分布范围从0.87 pg到12.28 pg,其中,相比于软体动物和多毛类,甲壳生物基因组大小及变异均较大。对比热液和冷泉两个群落中共有种(深海偏顶蛤Bathymodiolus platifrons、柯氏潜铠虾Shinkaia crosnieri以及长角阿尔文虾Alvinocaris longirostris)的基因组大小,发现C值差异并不显著。同时,综合已有的数据,对深海化能极端环境与其他环境条件下的物种C值进行对比分析,结果显示深海化能极端环境下生物的基因组大小并没有发现明确的变化趋势。 相似文献
4.
为揭示南极磷虾（Eupahusia superba）（甲壳动物：软甲纲：磷虾目）线粒体基因组特征，及通过比较不同海域南极磷虾的线粒体基因组探讨潜在的分子标记，采用Long PCR扩增技术获得采自普里兹湾（PrydzBay）南极磷虾线粒体基因组DNA，综合Primers-walking和Shotgun方法进行测序：通过生物信息学软件（DOGMA、tRNAscan-SE 1．21和DnaSP4．10．7等）进行基因预测及序列分析。南极磷虾线粒体基因组全长15498bp以上（部分非编码区未测定），包含13个蛋白编码基因、2个核糖体RNA基因和23个转运RNA基因。与后生动物线粒体基因组标准的基因组成相比，存在1个trnN基因的重复。南极磷虾线粒体基因组的基因排列与泛甲壳动物线粒体基因组的原始排列相比，出现4个转运RNA基因的易位：trnL1、trnL2、trnW和trnl以及1个trnN的重复。比较采自普里兹湾（Prydz Bay）和威德尔海（Weddell Sea）南极磷虾的线粒体基因组，作者发现在南极磷虾线粒体基因组的主编码基因中，变异最大的是nad2基因，差异位点高达61个，其次是nad5基因，差异位点有12个：而coxl基因的变异位点仅有3个。Nad2基因和nad5基因可作为coxl基因辅助的分子标记，用于分析南极磷虾不同地理种群之间的遗传多样性，为合理利用南极磷虾生物资源提供保障。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
极地海区浮游动物对全球气候变化的响应极其敏感,其群落结构已成为研究全球变化对海洋生态系统影响的重要指标,而DNA条形码则是浮游动物种类鉴定的有效工具。采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第一亚基编码基因(mtCOI)特异扩增测序的方法,分析了南大洋32种常见浮游动物的94条DNA条形码序列,其长度分布在830碱基到1050碱基之间。发现南极常见浮游动物种内遗传差异均值为0.67%,分布在0—2.6%之间;同属近源种间遗传差异均值为14.3%,分布在0.1%—29.3%之间。哲水蚤属的近缘哲水蚤(Calanus propinquus)和C.simillimus遗传相似度非常高。考虑到上述两者在形态和遗传上的相似性,本研究认为两种可能为同种异名,有待开展深入研究确认C.simillimus种的地位。除了哲水蚤属的两种外,所有样品种内、种间遗传差异显著,且同种的不同样品都聚到一起形成单系群。结果表明mtCOI序列可以作为DNA条形码实现南极浮游动物常见种的准确鉴定(水母和海樽等胶质浮游动物的有效性未验证)。以上结果也得到了示踪向量分析的证实。本研究新增的DNA条形码数据以及新提供的兼并引物必将推动南极浮游动物环境样品的宏基因组学研究。 相似文献
8.
中国北方习见水母类的DNA 条形码分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究获得了中国北方近海习见水母类24个种共62条线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(mtCOI)序列,结合GenBank中具DNA条形码关键词的mtCOI序列,共比较了水母类mtCOI片段207条,水母mtCOI种内遗传差异在0%-7.4%之间,均值为0.9%(SD=0.014),其中约93%的个体种内差异小于4%;近源种间遗传差异在5.4%(Sarsia)到44.9%(Lensia)之间,均值为25.1%(SD=0.118),97%以上的个体种间遗传差异大于10%。绝大多数(98.8%)水母种类种内遗传差异小于种间遗传差异,条形码间隙明显。本研究涉及的中国北方习见水母种内遗传差异均显著小于种间遗传差异,结果表明以mtCOI作为DNA条形码可以实现对中国北方习见水母种类鉴定。利用DNA条形码序列分析,梳理了中国近海一些常见水母的分类地位。此外,对4种保存液保存方法的比较研究表明,90%乙醇、DMSO、RNA Safer和DNA Conserver4种保存液无法同时保存形态学特征和DNA序列,但DNA Conserver的效果相对较好。 相似文献
9.
DNA barcoding provides accurate identification of zooplankton species through all life stages. Single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis based on DNA barcode databases can facilitate longterm monitoring of zooplankton communities. With the help of the available zooplankton databases, the zooplankton community of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary was studied using a single-gene-targeted metagenomic method to estimate the species richness of this community. A total of 856 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequences were determined. The environmental barcodes were clustered into 70 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Forty-two MOTUs matched barcoded marine organisms with more than 90% similarity and were assigned to either the species (similarity>96%) or genus level (similarity<96%). Sibling species could also be distinguished. Many species that were overlooked by morphological methods were identified by molecular methods, especially gelatinous zooplankton and merozooplankton that were likely sampled at different life history phases. Zooplankton community structures differed significantly among all of the samples. The MOTU spatial distributions were influenced by the ecological habits of the corresponding species. In conclusion, single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis is a useful tool for zooplankton studies, with which specimens from all life history stages can be identified quickly and effectively with a comprehensive database. 相似文献
10.
2011年4月在黄、东海的大面调查中观测到一种多管水母大量发生, 在现场通过表层目测计数了其分布特征, 采集现场样品测量了伞径、湿重和干重, 并结合水文数据分析了其分布与水团的关系。经鉴定, 该种为水螅水母纲、软水母亚纲、锥螅水母目、多管水母科、多管水母属、墨绿多管水母(Aequorea coerulescens)。在69个站位中, 有11个站位出现, 出现率16%, 主要在东海南部近岸海域。个体伞径在17.40—142.00mm之间, 湿、干重分别在3.07—75.47g和0.12—3.06g之间, 湿、干重与伞径呈现显著的指数关系。碳含量占干重的3.15%0.56%, 氮含量占干重的14.44%2.65%, 碳氮比为4.580.30。伞径和温度、盐度显著相关。作者认为, 墨绿多管水母来源于舟山群岛附近海域, 受海流的作用, 输送到观测海域; 离源地越远的站位, 由于生长时间长, 水母伞径增大。 相似文献