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1.
海带苗绿烂病暴发严重威胁海带养殖生产,给海带养殖业造成巨大经济损失。研究发现,海带中的多酚化合物可以抵御海带病害初期病原体侵入。为研究多酚对绿烂海带表面附生菌的抑菌效果,在病烂部位分离出一株细菌,通过16s rRNA基因测序的方法,证实该细菌为小孔芽孢杆菌(Bacillus foraminis)。进一步以健康海带为原料提取多酚,利用平板生长抑制法,以哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)作为对照,分析多酚对小孔芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果。结果显示褐藻多酚在接种了哈维氏弧菌和溶藻弧菌的培养基上产生了不同大小的抑菌圈,而在接种有小孔芽孢杆菌的培养基上未产生抑菌圈,表明多酚对小孔芽胞杆菌无抑菌效应。此项研究为海带多酚抑菌作用提供了参考,同时对了解海带病害暴发及开展海带病害防治工作具有重要意义。  相似文献   
2.
In our trials, from 2007 to 2008, of mass production of seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis using synchronization techniques, problems of a dark thalli phenomenon and epiphytes contamination severely threatened the health of juvenile seedlings. In this investigation, we optimized conditions for improving the growth of juvenile seedlings. Seven string collectors were seeded with zygotes and a series of experiments were conducted including direct exposure to solar irradiance, co-culture with Ulva spp. and treatme...  相似文献   
3.
The annual life cycle of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifi da(Harvey)Suringer comprises a macroscopic diploid sporophyte stage and a microscopic haploid gametophyte stage.In 2011,an unusual zoospore-derived monoecious gametophyte isolate(designated as line 10-5-3)of U.pinnatifi da was observed.To understand this phenomenon,a comprehensive screening of eighty-two previously identifi ed male gametophyte cultures,isolated from three randomly selected cultivars(lines 10,7,and 5)was performed.Thirty-six of the isolates developed both antheridia and oogonia on the same fi lamentous fragment in a standard gametogenesis test(SGT: 18°C,60 μmol photons/(m 2·s)).Selfi ng of the monoecious gametophyte or crossing it with a normal male gametophyte both gave rise to morphologically normal sporophytic offspring.However,crossing resulted in a much higher fertilization rate(89.7%).The hybrid and selfed sporophytic offspring were grown to maturity in fl ow tanks at an ambient temperature of 10–18°C over a period of 69 days.Active zoospores were released from both types of mature sporophylls.The majority of these developed into male gametophytes,while 15%–20% developed into the observed monoecious structures on the same fi lament.Using PCR amplifi cation it was found that all the monoecious gametophyte isolates and the sporophytic offspring resulting from the selfi ng and crossing lacked the femalelinked microsatellite sequence(a part of the locus Up-AC-2A8,GenBank accession No.AY738602.1),indicating their male nature.U.pinnatifi da is an invasive species in some regions and the implications of the above fi ndings for this species in nature are briefl y discussed.  相似文献   
4.
During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization success. Using unialgal male and female gametophyte material under designated standard gametogenesis testing (SGT) conditions, the potential life-span of the sperm of two seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, was assessed by their ability to fertilize eggs. Results show that within 20-30 min after being discharged, sperm of both species could complete fertilization without an apparent decline in fertilization rate. Although fertilization rate 60–120 min after sperm discharge dropped significantly in both species, some sperm were viable enough to fertilize the eggs. In S. japonica, at 12°C, some sperm were able to fertilize eggs up to 12 h after discharge. In both species, egg discharge rates (EDR) in the male and female mixed positive controls were significantly higher than those of all the sperm-testing groups. Doubling the seeded male gametophytes of S. japonica in the SGT tests significantly increased the EDR, further confirming the effect of the presence of the male on the female in terms of facilitating egg discharge from oogonia.  相似文献   
5.
徐娜  逄少军 《海洋科学》2012,36(10):13-25
采用分子生物学手段结合形态特征对海洋中生活着的浮游单细胞海藻进行准确无误的分类鉴定,正在成为一种普遍接受的方式。这样做的前提是首先需要从海水中分离得到纯藻株, 掌握它们的生活条件, 获得生物量, 并进而完成鉴定。作者对一株裸甲藻类似种和两株新分离的赤潮单细胞海藻进行了分离、培养和鉴定。核糖体18S RNA 基因(18S rDNA)和转录单元内间隔区(ITS)序列分析结果显示这三株藻分别为共生甲藻(Symbiodinium sp.)、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)。作者以广泛使用的光密度值A680作为衡量藻体生物量变化的指标, 研究了这三种藻在不同培养条件下的生长。结果表明, 在批次培养中, 共生甲藻、锥状斯氏藻和赤潮异弯藻的生物量都在22℃达到最大, 分别为9.28×105个/mL、7.9×104个/mL 和4.75×105个/mL; 强光和长时间光照促进生长, 但锥状斯氏藻在强光下更早进入衰退期; 三种藻都表现出较强耐受盐度变化的能力,在盐度为15~36 的培养液中生长良好; 营养实验表明, 使用882 μmol/L 的NO3- 和36.2 μmol/L 的PO43-能够维持三种海藻的快速生长。  相似文献   
6.
We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on ...  相似文献   
7.
紫菜是世界上最重要的人工栽培海藻,全世界紫菜初级产品的年产值占人工栽培海藻总产值的2/3。目前我国的紫菜栽培面积已跃居世界第一。紫菜育苗是必不可少的生产步骤和关键,决定全年生产的成败,常规的紫菜育苗期通常仅限于每年晚秋的10~20d内,受到海况气象条件和育苗管理水平的制约,不能适时采苗和优质苗网的育成率低,出现苗期大面积病烂的情况是经常发生的,一旦出现这类情况,其后果往往是灾难性的,这正是目前普遍采用传统的紫菜贝壳丝状体室内水槽育苗技术普遍存在的问题,因此,迫切需要加快研究改进。  相似文献   
8.
羊栖菜(Hizikiafusiformis)是一种重要的经济海藻,隶属于褐藻门,墨角藻目,马尾藻科,羊栖菜属 ,自然分布在太平洋的西海岸。在我国北至大连南到海南岛都广有分布 ,尤其以浙江和福建等地区分布最广[1]。羊栖菜藻体黄褐色 ,生长在潮间带 ,株高一般在30~60cm ,藻体自下而上包括假根 ,茎 ,叶片、气囊和生殖托 (繁殖季节 )等部分组成。羊栖菜雌雄异株 ,属暖水性多年生海藻 ,靠残留的假根度过冬季 ,次年春天由假根再生植株。每年的繁殖季节 (5~10月份 ) ,雌雄生殖托自叶茎处生成。雌雄生殖托分别排放卵子和精…  相似文献   
9.
羊栖菜(Hizikia fusiformis)隶属褐藻门,圆子纲,墨角藻目,马尾藻科,羊栖菜属,是我国东海沿海地区重要的创汇经济海藻,2004年的产量约为6000t(干重),产品主要销往日本。除了作为海藻食品以外,羊栖菜的抽提物被发现含有抗肿瘤活性物质,具有激发免疫系统的作用,因而是一种潜在的重要海洋药物原材料。由于羊栖菜是一种多年生海藻,传统的养殖方式是从潮间带收割自然种群作为种苗,进行海上的筏式养殖,以假根形式完成渡夏,次年从假根再生的植株构成被养殖的主体。这种养殖方式决定了需要每年从自然种群或养殖种群中采集或者保留成吨的生物量作为种…  相似文献   
10.
黄海浒苔绿潮及其溯源研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
2007-2012年,黄海连续6a暴发了大规模绿潮。分析了过去5a国内外对黄海绿潮以及绿潮形成种浒苔的研究进展,并总结了对黄海绿潮浒苔溯源的主要观点。结合国内外对绿潮浒苔生物学研究结果,深入分析了大规模黄海绿潮暴发的关键要素(绿潮形成种、近海海水富营养化和其它海洋环境因子)以及生物生态学机制,根据已知的结果推演黄海绿潮全年发生发展过程。据此,认为黄海绿潮大暴发与江苏省近岸海域海水富营养化密切相关,辐射沙洲的浒苔微观繁殖体(孢子、配子及其不同发育程度的显微个体)在绿潮暴发过程中扮演重要角色。  相似文献   
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