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A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE. 相似文献
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以冲绳海槽伊平屋北热液区附近两个站位(HOBAB2-T3和HOBAB2-T6)的浮岩为研究对象,分别对充填沉积物的浮岩(T3-D、T6-D)和去除沉积物的浮岩(T3-C、T6-C)进行扫描电镜观察、矿物组成和微量元素组成的对比分析。结果表明,浮岩气孔充填的沉积物主要来源于冲绳海槽内碎屑沉积物的混入,其中气孔较小的T3浮岩中充填的沉积物组成主要为伊利石和石英,而气孔较大的T6浮岩中充填的沉积物组成主要为石英和长石,代表了海槽内沉积物的一般矿物组成。邻近热液区的T3浮岩气孔中的沉积物含有异常高含量的Pb(101μg/g)、Zn(196μg/g)、Cu(47μg/g)等金属元素,代表强烈的热液活动信号;距热液区稍远的T6浮岩气孔中沉积物也表现出Pb、Cu等元素含量的异常特征,可能代表较弱的热液活动信号。这说明海底热液区附近的浮岩气孔中充填的沉积物可以记录热液活动的信息,这对寻找浮岩分布区新的热液活动具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
3.
通过近年来测绘职业技能大赛的举办,测绘职业技能竞赛对课程改革的导向功能逐渐显现。本文以工程测量技术专业课程改革为例,重点探讨了测绘职业技能竞赛在课程改革方面发挥的导向作用,展示了我院工程测量专业在课程改革中初步取得的成效。 相似文献
4.
位移模型是评估地震滑坡危险性的一种重要方法。作为位移模型主要输入的岩体参数,一般仅考虑岩体的岩性差异,而对岩体所在坡体赋存环境不同而产生的岩体强度空间差异性缺乏必要考虑,影响地震滑坡危险性评估的可靠性。本文基于汶川同震滑坡分析与影响因子定权研究,提出了一种基于位移模型且顾及坡体赋存环境的概率地震滑坡危险性评估方法,研发了基于ArcGIS的概率地震滑坡危险性制图模块,并以康定为例进行了应用试验。根据第五代中国地震动参数区划图提供的地震动峰值加速度,进行了常遇、罕遇地震场景下康定地震滑坡危险性制图。结果显示,相比于未顾及坡体赋存环境影响,本文方法能够识别出更多潜在地震滑坡危险区;在常遇地震场景下,康定部分区域为地震滑坡高危险区域,其分布主要受构造环境与降雨影响;而在罕遇地震场景下,康定受地震影响的范围显著增加,且呈现明显的集聚现象,尤其是康定城区附近及G318国道康定-泸定路段两侧存在大量地震滑坡高危险区。此外,对因岩体强度差异导致的地震滑坡危险性制图的不确定性进行了量化分析,结果显示,岩体强度参数是导致评估结果存在不确定性的重要因素;实践中,应针对具体应用场景选择合适的岩体强度开展概率地震滑坡危险性评估与制图。本文方法扩展了GIS的地灾风险制图应用,具有普适性,可持续改进;试验成果可为康定未来土地利用规划、地震地质灾害防治及川藏铁路安全提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration. 相似文献
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基于VB6.0语言环境设计了水准网综合数据处理的程序,实现了基于平差基准的最小二乘估计和抗差估计,自动搜索闭合条件、计算闭合差,弥补了现有矿区水准网平差程序或软件中存在的不足,针对程序实现中的关键性问题进行了比较详细的分析并给出了部分程序实现的代码,并通过实测数据进行了验证。 相似文献
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从机载激光雷达系统误差的产生机制出发,分别对姿态角误差、DGPS误差、瞬时扫描角误差、激光测距误差对激光脚点定位精度的影响进行定量的分析,从理论上分析了机载激光雷达系统的定位精度。本文的结果对实际应用具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
8.
喀拉萨依岩体位于东准噶尔卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩带西端,由钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为307.7±3.2Ma~309.6±2.0Ma,岩石高硅(Si O2平均含量为77.25%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.50%~9.23%)、低铝(A/CNK=0.922~1.084),贫钙、镁;富集Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素和稀土元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu。10000Ga/Al值变化于7.00~10.35之间,总体上具碱性A型花岗岩的特征,是该岩带东侧老鸦泉—黄羊山A型花岗岩岩基经高程度分异演化的产物,并非前人认为的S型花岗岩。岩体具正εNd(t)值(3.5~6.0)和年轻的Nd模式年龄(TDM2=520~630Ma),Pb同位素投点位于造山带演化线附近,同位素数据显示岩浆来源于新生造山带下部的年轻地壳。从本次1∶5万区调成果看,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚泥盆世之前已经闭合,从晚泥盆世开始转入碰撞后的拉张环境,在晚石炭世早期进入板内裂谷发展阶段,因此喀拉萨依岩体应是该区板内裂谷阶段而非前人所说的后碰撞阶段的产物。 相似文献
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阜平县口子头银钼多金属矿位于县城北部与山西省交界地段,与隐爆角砾岩的产出关系密切。本文通过对该矿区区域地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体的分布位置分析研究,并结合物化探特征及矿化蚀变情况,对隐爆角砾岩的形成和成矿过程进行了推断,认为该矿床成因类型为与斑岩侵入体及隐爆角砾岩体有关的角砾岩筒型银钼多金属矿床。明确了构造、蚀变和物化探找矿标志,认为沿第6勘探线剖面所见银矿体的走向、倾向的延伸部位是扩大矿床规模的直接找矿方向。 相似文献
10.
利用X射线衍射（XRD）技术对冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站700年以来的黏土矿物组成以及结晶学特征进行了研究和分析,并对该区的沉积特征、物质来源以及黏土矿物所记录的东亚季风的演化历史进行了探讨。研究发现冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站黏土矿物组合总体是以伊利石（59–77 %,平均含量69 %）和绿泥石（11–17 %,平均含量14 %）为主,而蒙脱石（5–23 %,平均含量12 %）和高岭石含量（2–6 %,平均含量4 %）则相对较低。通过黏土矿物研究对物源进行分析,发现冲绳海槽南部研究站位的黏土矿物中,蒙脱石主要是来自于长江或者东海大陆架的再沉积。伊利石,绿泥石以及高岭石主要来自于台湾河流,尤其是兰阳溪。蒙脱石/（伊利石+绿泥石）比值的大小可以用来指示东亚夏季风的强弱变化。1320 AD以来的黏土矿物组合的变化较好地记录了部分中世纪暖期后期、小冰期以及现代暖期3个时期在百年时间尺度上的气候波动。该指标显示,相对于中世纪暖期后期,东亚季风强度在小冰期（1405–1850 AD）和在现代暖期（1955 AD）均存在明显的减弱,指示该时期台湾东北部-冲绳海槽南部地区处于相对湿润强降雨的气候环境。 相似文献