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采用转录组454 GS FLX测序和PCR技术,以海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)和沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)的基因组DNA为模板,分别克隆了包含EST-SSR和EST-SNP标记的β-连环蛋白基因目的片段。生物信息学分析显示,海蜇和沙海蜇的β-连环蛋白基因目的片段长度分别为166/169 bp和157/160 bp,均没有内含子。海蜇个体之间β-连环蛋白基因目的片段除了微卫星重复差异外,只有一个碱基的差异;沙海蜇个体之间除了微卫星重复差异外,其余完全一致。在海蜇和沙海蜇β-连环蛋白基因目的片段的相同位置均包含微卫星重复,但其重复单元截然不同:海蜇为:(TGC)4-6(TGT)1-2(TGC)4-5,而海蜇为(TGT)5-6。同时两物种间还存在14个单核苷酸多态位点:(T/C)1,(T/C)2,(C/T)3,(C/T)4,(C/T)5,(T/G)6,(G/C)7,(T/G)8,(A/G)9,(C/T)10,(G/A)11,(A/G)12,(C/T)13,(A/T)14。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱也直接客观地反映了两个群体之间目的片段的长度和微卫星多态性差异。上述结果显示,EST-SSR和EST-SNP标记的β-连环蛋白基因目的片段,可以作为一种简单、有效的分子标记,快速、准确地识别不同发育阶段的海蜇和沙海蜇。  相似文献   
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Resting cysts are an important part of the life cycle for many harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates, and play vital roles in the recurrence and geographical spread of harmful algal blooms. Numerous factors have been suggested to regulate the formation of resting cysts, although only a few have been proven to be significant. Cyst formation can be induced by adverse environmental conditions such as drastic changes in temperature, light, salinity, and nutrient levels, and by biological interactions. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an artificial factor(fine sand particles) to enhance the formation of resting cysts. Fine sand particles were added to cultures of dinoflagellates that are known to produce cysts. The addition of fine sand particles significantly increased both the production rate and final yield of cysts in cultures of S crippsiella trochoidea, Biecheleria brevisulcata, and Levanderina fissa(= Gymnodinium fissum, Gyrodinium instriatum, Gyr odinium uncatenum). The largest increase in the final yield(107-fold) of cysts as a result of sand addition was in S. trochoidea. However, addition of fine sand particles did not induce cyst formation, or barely af fected cyst formation, in A kashiwo san guinea, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, which are also known to be cyst-producing species. We speculated that addition of sand significantly increased the chances of cell collision, which triggered cyst formation. However, further research is required to test this idea. Importantly, our findings indicate that the addition of fine sand particles is a useful method to obtain a large quantity of cysts in a short time for laboratory studies or tests; for example, if a cyst viability test is being used to assess the eff ectiveness of ships' ballast water treatment.  相似文献   
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