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1.
改性粘土法絮凝消除浮游微藻是我国迄今唯一得到大规模应用的有害赤潮应急处置方法,研发安全高效的改性粘土材料是该方法发展的重要方向之一。本文研究了双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐(DPQAC)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合改性粘土获得新材料DPQAC-PAC-MC在去离子水、海水及东海原甲藻藻液(Prorocentrum donghaiense)等不同介质中的絮凝行为,分析了水体中硫酸根离子和藻源胞外有机质(extracellular organic matters,EOMs)对其影响,探讨了该复合改性粘土高絮凝性能的成因与机制,为该类型改性粘土进一步增效优化及应用推广提供参考。研究结果表明,与双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐改性粘土(DPQAC-MC)、聚合氯化铝改性粘土(PAC-MC)等单组分改性粘土相比,DPQAC-PAC-MC表现出更强的絮凝能力,但在不同介质中其絮凝行为差异明显。其中,在藻液中形成的絮凝体颗粒更大、强度更高、再生能力更强、生长速度更快。介质中的硫酸根离子或胞外有机质都可促进DPQAC-PAC-MC的絮凝,并且具有最佳促凝浓度,硫酸根离子浓度为10-3mol/L,EOMs浓度为50%含量,在此浓度之前随浓度增加,絮凝体生长时间缩短、强度增加、絮凝效果提升;超过最佳浓度后,促凝效果随浓度的进一步增加而降低。对影响DPQAC-PAC-MC在藻液中絮凝行为的分析发现:(1)复合改性有效提高了颗粒的表面正电性,长链大分子增强了颗粒间的桥联聚结作用,从而增强了粘土颗粒的自身絮凝能力;(2)赤潮暴发水体中大量存在的硫酸根离子、EOMs可以进一步增效复合改性粘土颗粒的絮凝聚结能力。 相似文献
2.
以蒸馏法为基础, 研究了适合海水中铵盐稳定氮同位素分析的预处理方法。对蒸馏法预处理过程中的最佳蒸馏时间、沸石的选取、铵盐最适浓度范围等分别进行改进和优化, 获得稳定、高效的海水中铵盐氮稳定同位素分析预处理方法。结果表明: 最佳蒸馏时间为50 min, 铵盐的回收率为(97±5.8)%。测定了不同沸石对不同浓度氨氮的吸附率, 筛选出酸性条件下铵氮吸附效率较高且稳定的康华科技沸石; 确定铵盐的最佳适用浓度范围为2～10 μmol/L, 在该浓度范围内氮回收率94%～99%,氮分馏系数为0.1‰～0.8‰。将此方法应用于长江口海域水样分析, 结果表明, 这一方法可以应用于河口中铵盐的氮同位素分析, 能够为河口中溶解态氮的来源及循环机理等研究提供有效信息。 相似文献
3.
Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15°C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of 3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophageff erens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen(especially ammonium), which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen(TN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN). Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/nanophytoplankton during bloom events. 相似文献
4.
长江口邻近海域的氮循环过程一直是近海富营养化研究领域的热点问题, 然而目前较少有针对短周期的调查研究。本文调查了该区域氮、磷、硅等主要营养盐及多种形态的氮稳定同位素的在潮周期周日变化特征。结果显示, NO_3~-、NH_4~+、PO_4~(3-)和SiO_3~(2-)的浓度范围分别为 14.09—55.85、0.21—2.26、0.82—1.08 和 16.80—33.85μmol/L, 而δ~(15)N-NO_3~-、δ~(18)O-NO_3~-、δ~(15)N_P和δ~(13)C_P 等的分布范围分别为 4.7‰—11.1‰、-2.0‰—7.8‰、-1.2‰—7.9‰和-22.9‰— -14.7‰。NO_3~-、PO_4~(3-)和SiO_2~(3-)均与盐度呈现明显的负相关特征, 说明三者的主要来源为长江冲淡水; 4NH(10)则随盐度升高而浓度增加, 且在底层高浓度出现时刻与高盐水团输入时刻一致, 说明外海输入是该区域铵盐的主要来源。另一方面, 氮稳定同位素(δ~(15)N-NO_2~-和δ~(15)N_P)未表现出随盐度的变化规律, 而δ~(18)3O-NO_3~-和δ~(13)C_P 则随盐度升高而增加, 说明淡水输入的同位素值低于海洋水平。通过对比中、高浓度叶绿素水体中NO_3~-、δ~(15)N-NO_3~-、δ~(18)O-NO_3~-的变化特征可以看出, 随NO_3~-浓度降低, δ~(15)N-NO_3~-值升高, 且呈现 6.2‰的分馏系数, 且氧同位素也随之增大, 指示水体中浮游植物对硝酸盐的同化吸收作用。而另一方面, 两种同位素的增加差值表现出△δ~(18)O︰△δ~(15)N1 , 说明硝酸盐在被消耗的同时还发生着补充作用。在较高盐度的水体中, 发现4NH(10)呈现出向硝酸盐的转化趋势并引起δ~(15)N-NO_3~-降低, 指示了底部明显的硝化过程, 与此前的研究结果一致。本文结果以期丰富对河口区氮循环和迁移转化的认知。 相似文献
5.
Both nitrate (NO3−) and soluble reactive phosphate (PO43−) concentration in the freshwater end-member at the mouth of the Changjiang River have increased dramatically since the 1960s.
Within the same period in the sea area, with surface salinity>30, NO3− concentration has shown an obvious increase, PO43− has not changed greatly and dissolved reactive silica (SiO32−) has deceased dramatically. An examination of the elemental ratio of NO3− to PO43− at the mouth of the Changjiang River did not show a systematic trend from the 1960s to 2000s largely because both nutrients
increased simultaneously. In comparison, the elemental ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to PO43− in surface seawater, with salinity>22, has shown a clearly increasing trend. Furthermore, an overall historical change of
the SiO32−:PO43− ratio has undergone a reverse trend in this area. Based on the changes of SiO32−:PO43− and DIN:PO43− ratios, we can conclude that an overall historical change of SiO32−:DIN ratio has decreased in this area from the 1950–1960s to 2000s. The argument that phytoplankton productivity in the Changjiang
estuary has been enhanced by increasing nutrient input from the riverine transport was supported by these results. A comparative
study analyzing the shift of phytoplankton composition from the mid-1980s to 2000s was also made. The results indicated that
the average yearly percentage of diatom species in the Changjiang estuary has decreased from 84.6% during 1985–1986 to 69.8%
during 2004–2005. Furthermore, the average yearly percentage of diatom abundance in the Changjiang estuary decreased from
99.5% during to 75.5% over the same time period, while the abundance of dinoflagellates has increased dramatically, from 0.7%
to 25.4%. 相似文献
6.
通过设定不同的氮(N)、磷(P)浓度一次性培养东海原甲藻,研究了该藻的生长状况及不同生长阶段单位细胞DNA,RNA及蛋白质含量的变化,结果表明,不同氮磷浓度对东海原甲藻的生长产生显著影响,最终生物量与初始的氮磷浓度呈正相关,不同培养组的最大生长率存在显著差异(P<0.05);DNA含量与培养液中氮浓度相关性极显著(P<0.01),但与磷浓度相关性不显著(P>0.05);RNA含量与氮磷浓度均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),而且在不同的生长阶段其含量也会发生变化,随着培养时间的延长,各培养组的RNA含量显著下降(P<0.05);RNA/DNA比值与氮磷浓度均显著相关(P<0.05),而且与生长率呈线性相关关系。培养液中氮浓度显著影响到东海原甲藻单位细胞总蛋白含量,磷缺乏也会使总蛋白含量显著降低。 相似文献
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8.
基于水动力ROMS与BOX耦合模型的长江口及邻近水域水通量及水体交换特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究将水动力模型ROMS(regional oceanic modeling system,区域海洋模式系统)与箱式(box)模型结合,详细阐述了长江口及邻近水域四个季节的水通量特征及水体交换特性。研究发现:总的水通量整体受季风控制,季风的作用在于使水体在南北方向上交替输送,而台湾暖流对春夏季底层水南向输运具有重要作用;直接进入123.5°E以东外海区域的水通量很小,而是先从南边界流出研究区域,然后通过海洋环流系统进入外海。在强烈季风下,水体更新依赖于季风方向的水平通量,主要是同层水体而不是表底层水体之间的交换。虽然水体更新时间较长的区域与缺氧区基本一致,但本研究认为该区域底层水体缺氧的本质原因是跃层阻隔了表底层水体之间的交换。 相似文献
9.
Effects of modified clay flocculation on major nutrients and diatom aggregation during Skeletonema costatum blooms in the laboratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harmful algal blooms(HABs) can elicit several negative effects on aquatic environment(such as depleting the oxygen, blocking the sunlight, destroying the habitats of organisms) and life health(including poisoning/killing marine mammals, birds and human). Among the various control strategies for HABs(physical manipulation needs lots of manpower and expensive equipment, chemicals treatment has some toxic byproduct and high residual, microbial agents only has limited in laboratory research), the coagulation-flocculation of HAB species by modified clay(MC) has been proven to be an effective, lowcost and environmentally friendly method that has been widely applied in the field, particularly in eastern Asia. In order to examine the long-term effects of MC treatment, this study investigated the alternations in seawater of Skeletonema costatum, a high biomass dominant HAB species along the Chinese coast, by comparing the degradation of S. costatum detritus(A1) with the application of MC treatment(A2) and MC treatment in sediment condition(A3). The low dosage of 0.25 g/L MC could efficiently remove 4×108 cells/L of S. costatum cells within 3.5 h(approximately 97% removal). In addition, the results showed that both inorganic and organic nutrients were effectively reduced from seawater by MC particles. Compared to the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in A1 seawater, 44% of TN and 93% of TP in A2 seawater, as well as 72% of TN and 93% of TP in A3 seawater were removed during the onemonth incubation period. Simultaneously, 64% of DISi in A2 and 44% of DISi in A3 significantly decreased( P 0.001). This study demonstrated that MC treatment was able to significantly increase the downward flux of nutrients and delay the release velocity of inorganic nutrient from MC-algae matrix into the overlying seawater, particularly within sediment environment. 相似文献
10.
2012年长江口及其邻近海域营养盐分布的季节变化及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2012年3、5、8和12月4个航次长江口及邻近海域的调查数据,研究了氮、磷、硅营养盐及总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的浓度特点,及其与盐度的相关性和叶绿素a的变化特征。结果表明,总溶解无机氮(DIN)、硅酸盐(Si O3)和TN的浓度分布均表现出自长江口至外海迅速降低的特征,且与盐度呈现显著负相关性。磷酸盐(PO4)的浓度降低程度随远离河口而减弱,且与盐度的相关性相对较弱,可能存在外海水补充;而TP则在长江口浑浊带海域呈现出较高浓度,且与盐度的相关性不明显,可能是受浑浊带泥沙吸附所致。在调查海区内,DIN与TN的平均值在夏季较低,结合叶绿素a数据分析,认为浮游植物吸收作用降低了DIN和TN的浓度。通过分析各营养盐之间的比值特征,进一步考察了营养盐来源及其对浮游植物生长的可能限制情况,其中N/P比值的变化同样揭示了N主要来自于长江水而P有部分来自于外海水的特征。该比值呈现远离河口而降低的特征,且在浑浊带无明显季节变化。春季和夏季有超过90%的调查站位显示潜在P限制,且均位于外海区。与历史资料对比发现,春季和夏季潜在P限制站位的比例明显升高,而潜在Si限制站位比例在春季和夏季降低。本文研究认为,营养盐含量及组成结构反映了该海域浮游植物群落组成和优势种的演替。 相似文献