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1.
A 3×3 complete diallel cross comprising three families of the clam Meretrix meretrix(P1, P2 and P3) was used to determine the combining ability of parental families and heterosis of F1 under indoor and openair environments for growth traits. Analysis of variance for shell length and whole body weight indicated highly significant cross effects, environment effects and the interaction of cross by environment. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combing ability exhibited great variation among crosses and between two environments. Pooled over environments, P2 was the top combiner among the three parental families for both traits studied. The cross of P1 and P3 had the highest SCA. Additionally, significant reciprocal effects were observed. For individual environment, about half of the crossbred combinations showed favorable Mid-parent heterosis(MPH)(1%) for the shell length and whole body weight. Our data has shown that non-additive genetic and reciprocal effects constituted the major sources of genetic variation for both shell length and whole body weight, which indicates that crossbreeding among selective families could further explore the heterotic effects. 相似文献
2.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(1)
以黑、白、红、黄4种壳色马氏珠母贝选育系F6代为亲本,选取4种壳色最纯的雌雄个体各1个,采用解剖授精法和双列杂交的方法繁育子代,建立了6个杂交组合,包括4个自交组及12个正反交组。结果表明,马氏珠母贝壳色由背景色基因和前景色基因共同表达而成,位于不同的基因位点上;经过连续7代选育的4种壳色纯化度较高,壳色可以稳定遗传给下一代,其遗传规律比较复杂。黄色和白色为马氏珠母贝的背景色,白壳色贝存在母系遗传,若为隐性纯合含致死基因,黄色相对白色为显性;黑色和红色为马氏珠母贝前景色,相对无前景色为显性,黑色与红色共显。 相似文献
3.
为开展合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)遗传改良和培育优质新品种,作者利用合浦珠母贝北海养殖群体(B)、徐闻养殖群体(X)和三亚养殖群体(S)进行双列杂交,获得3个种群内自繁群体及6个种群间杂交群体。对8月龄F1代的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量4个生长性状进行了测定,计算了各组合的一般配合力、特殊配合力及杂种优势。结果表明,杂交组合的各性状值普遍高于自繁群体,其中S(♀)×B(♂)和S(♀)×X(♂)杂交组合的各性状值极显著高于其他组合。三亚群体各性状的一般配合力最大,S(♀)×X(♂)组合各性状特殊配合力最大,其次是S(♀)×B(♂)组合。杂交子一代4个生长指标均表现出一定程度的杂种优势(0.24%~52.62%)。不同杂交组合间和不同性状间的杂种优势存在差异,其中,S(♀)×B(♂)杂交组合杂种优势明显,其反交组合B(♀)×S(♂)杂交优势程度不高,且在壳宽上表现出较低的杂种优势率(0.24%);S(♀)×X(♂)杂交组合杂种优势率比反交组合X(♀)×S(♂)高。体质量的平均杂种优势率均高于其他3个性状。该研究的结果表明杂交群体性状的改进为进一步选育奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
红壳文蛤双列杂交及杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以广西(G)、江苏(S)和日本(J)3个文蛤群体中原种红壳文蛤进行双列杂交,获得了试验家系(Gg、Ss、Gs、Gj、Sg、Sj),比较其生长性能,并评估杂种优势。从生长来看,浮游期杂交组的日生长率大于自繁组;以江苏文蛤为母本的组合的壳长均显著大于以广西文蛤为母本的组合(P0.05),壳长受卵源影响极显著(P0.01)。稚贝和幼贝期,杂交组的日生长率均大于自繁组,杂交组合Gs的日生长率从13日龄至149日龄均最大;交配方式对壳长极显著影响(P0.01)。从存活率来看,杂交组的存活优势更明显,Gs的存活率几乎均最高。从杂种优势来看,杂交组从13日龄以后具明显的杂种优势,尤其是Gs在1—149日龄均呈正值。广西群体和江苏群体间建立了完全2×2双列杂交,中亲杂种优势一直大于0,且始终介于单亲杂种优势HGs和HSg之间。杂种优势潜力指数(hp)表明,1—5日龄的数值介于–1和1之间,未产生杂种衰退;13日龄后的数值均大于1,表明真正获得了杂种优势。杂种获得(hg)及13日龄后的超亲优势率均为正值,进一步说明壳长性状得到了明显改良。从壳色来看,子代的红壳个体占比为72.80%—76.49%,均得到明显提高。总之,杂交组合Gs的杂种优势最明显,为开展3个群体的杂交育种提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
Unbalanced parental contribution and small effective population size(N e)are common issues during the artifi cial breeding of marine bivalves.The impact of hatchery-spawning practices on parental contribution,effective population size,the N e/N ratio,and genetic diversity are largely unknown.To address this,we conducted a parentage analysis on a complete 3×3 diallel cross of clam M eretrix meretrix using eight microsatellite markers.The genetic diversity of the parents was higher than that of their respective offspring in most crosses(8/9).Sires or dams from the same family contributed unequally to the pool of offspring from a particular cross,and the same parent clam exhibited large variation in parental contribution among different crosses.The variance in male contribution was higher than that of the female contribution in most crosses,suggesting that male contribution was more skewed than for females.The N e/N ratio for nine crosses ranged from 0.58 to 0.86.There was no linear relationship between the sex ratio and the N e/N ratio(P0.05).Moreover,a sex ratio closer to one-to-one does not necessarily mean a larger effective population size.A solution to small effective population size in commercial breeding programs is increasing broodstock numbers and attempting to maintain a balanced sex ratio. 相似文献
6.
Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study. 相似文献
7.
凡纳滨对虾生长性状的双列杂交分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以来源于两个不同遗传背景群体的凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei为亲本,设置PP(P♀×P♂)、PH(P♀×H♂)、HP(H♀×P♂)、HH(H♀×H♂) 4个实验组(P代表进口群体,H代表选育群体),进行进口个体(P♂和P♀)与选育个体(H♂和H♀)间的双列杂交实验,分析比较其子一代的生长与存活情况.结果发现,对虾存活由高到低顺序为HH>HP>PH>PP,PH实验组表现出明显的存活杂种优势,其育苗期间的杂种优势平均值为(27.72±11.88)%,下塘90d后成活率的杂种优势为30.50%.在生长前期(30日龄以前)对虾平均体长和体重的顺序是HP>PH>HH>PP,而在生长后期则为PP>HP>PH>HH.HP实验组在整个养成期(10、30、60和90d)均表现出体长和体重上的杂种优势,杂种优势值分别为24.00%、13.71%、2.55%、2.79%和112.46%、54.06%、8.16%、12.48%.结果表明,选育群体为母本、进口群体为父本的对虾杂交后代的生长和存活性状明显提高. 相似文献
8.
为探讨不同地理群体香港牡蛎的杂种优势,于2014年5月开展了广东珠海(Z,生长快)和广西茅尾海(M,抗逆性强)群体间的2×2双列杂交,比较了各实验组早期生长、存活优势,并计算了各阶段的杂种优势,实验由2个杂交组MZ(M♀×Z♂)、ZM(Z♀×M♂)和2个自交组MM(M♀×M♂)、ZZ(Z♀×Z♂)组成。结果表明:浮游期间,正交组(MZ)幼虫在9日龄前未表现出生长优势,但表现出一定的存活优势,幼虫大小存在显著的母本效应;12日龄时正交杂种优势5.34。反交组(ZM)幼虫生长和存活都表现出了正杂种优势,但生长优势值逐渐减小,到了12日龄时壳高与自繁组(ZZ)幼虫间差异不显著(P0.05)。室内苗种培育阶段,杂交稚贝表现出明显的生长、存活优势,正交组(MZ)和反交组(ZM)子代的生长优势分别为7.86±3.12、17.47±13.14;存活优势分别为8.33±1.41、2.86±1.08。以上结果说明两个群体香港牡蛎杂交可以产生杂种优势,可为牡蛎杂种优势开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
9.
利用湛江海洋大学杂交水稻研究室选育的一批同核异质的不育系及其保持系作母本，与优良的恢复系按不完全双列杂交模式配制不育系杂种和保持系杂种，研究不育质源对杂种种子活力的影响。初步结果表明：不同胞质对杂种种子活力的影响是不同的，是影响杂种种子活力的重要因素。 相似文献
10.
长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)三个选育群体完全双列杂交后代生长性状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用中国(C)、日本(J)和韩国(K)3个长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)第四(F4)代选育群体,采用完全双列杂交方式构建建立了3个自交群体、3个正交群体和3个反交群体。结果表明,各交配组合在180日龄、360日龄和450日龄生长优势差异显著(P0.05);在不同生长阶段各组合的生长性能、一般配合力值、特殊配合力值和杂种优势效能值各不相同。杂交组合C♂K♀、J♂C♀和K♂J♀分别在180日龄、360日龄和450日龄表现出较大的生长优势,而自交组合K♂K♀在各个生长阶段均表现出生长劣势。中国F4代选育群体父母本一般配合力效应值均表现为非负值,而韩国F4代选育群体父母本一般配合力效应值均表现为非正值。杂交组合的特殊配合力效应值在不同生长阶段表现不一致,但与生长优势效能值基本相符。实验结果表明,多数杂交子代在生长性状上存在一定程度的杂种优势,可进行规模化商业推广应用;中国F4代选育群体作为杂交候选父母本时,具有高的可稳定遗传给子代的加性效应值。利用群体选育建立配套系,对不同选育群体进行杂交育种是培育长牡蛎优良新品系的有效方法。 相似文献