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1.
Fatty acids (FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses (PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER). The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.  相似文献   
2.
Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei(Pg) from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda(Hv) from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu(St) from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu(Ib) from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans(SC-Fucs). The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer(NMR) and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.  相似文献   
3.
The effect of a potential probiotic on the growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) was investigated. Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 isolated from sea cucumber culturing ponds was added to sea cucumber basal feed as a probiotic in different doses(0, the control; 1×10^4(YD134), 1×10^6(YD136) and 1×10^8(YD138) CFU g-1 of diet), and administered orally to A. japonicus(initial mean wet weight 5.44 g ± 0.17 g). The sea cucumbers were fed in 20 aquaria, 5 each treatment, for 60 d. At the end of growth trial, 20 sea cucumbers from each treatment were challenged with Vibrio splendidus. A. japonicus in YD134 and YD136 exhibited significantly better growth performance than control(P 〈0.05). Five non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in coelomic fluid were measured to evaluate the immune response of A. japonicus to the probiotics. Results showed that all parameters were significantly improved when YD11 was supplemented in the dose of 1×10^6 CFU g^-1(P 〈0.05). The cumulative incidence and mortality after the Vibrio splendidus challenge decreased significantly in sea cucumbers of YD136. Accordingly, 1×10^6 CFU g^-1 of YD13 in diet was recommended for the growth promotion and immune enhancement of A. japonicus.  相似文献   
4.
The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) budget and the ecological efficiency of a polyculture system of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus), jellyfish(Rhopilema esculenta) and shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were studied in a cofferdam, 120.2 ha in size. The nutrients were supplied by spring tide inflow. In total, 139600 kg N yr-1 and 9730 kg P yr-1 input to the system; while 118900 kg N yr-1 and 2840 kg P yr-1 outflowed from the system concurrently, thus the outflow was 85.7%(N) and 29.2%(P) of inflow. The production of N and P was 889.5 kg yr-1 and 49.28 kg yr-1(sea cucumber) and 204 kg yr-1 and 18.03 kg yr-1(jellyfish and shrimp), respectively. The utilization rate of N and P by polycultured animals was 7.8‰ and 6.9‰, respectively, 21.9% and 38% higher than that of monocultured sea cucumber. Our results indicated that the polyculture system was an efficient culture system of animals and a remediation system of coastal environment as well; it scavenged 14.3% and 70.8% of N and P, respectively. Such an ecological efficiency may be improved further by increasing either the stocking density or the size of sea cucumber or both.  相似文献   
5.
参对光照变化非常敏感,研究刺参对光照的分子响应非常重要。本研究应用RNA测序获取了刺参暴露于强光(“强光”)、正常光照(“对照”)和完全黑暗(“黑暗”)环境下体壁的基因表达谱情况,通过“对照”与“黑暗”,“对照”与“强光”和“黑暗”与“强光”的比较,在|log2 ratio|≥1和FDR≤0.001的标准下分别发现了1161、113和1705个差异表达基因(DEGs)。基因本体分析表明,“cellular process”和“binding”在“生物过程”和“分子功能”类别中的DEGs富集最多,而“cell”和“cell part”在“细胞组分”类别中的DEGs富集最多。将DEGs与Kyoto Encyclopedia基因和基因组数据库上的于214、41和229条通路进行比对,发现了51、2和57条通路分别显著富集。本研究发现的光特异性DEGs可作为深入研究刺参对光照变化的生化适应机制的重要目标基因。  相似文献   
6.
本研究目的是通过斑点杂交方法对不同种类的海参进行快速准确的鉴定。采用CTAB沉淀法提取海参的DNA,PCR扩增线粒体COⅠ基因并测序,利用Primer premier 5.0软件设计并筛选了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)、北大西洋瓜参(Cucumaria frondosa)、加州红参(Parastichopus californicus)及梅花参(Thelenota ananas)4种海参的特异性探针,设计并进行斑点杂交实验。实验结果显示:4条探针均具有高度的特异性,灵敏度可达100pg,能够实现对仿刺参、北大西洋瓜参、加州红参和梅花参的准确鉴定。本文建立的斑点杂交方法,为海参品种的快速、准确的鉴定提供了可靠的技术方法。  相似文献   
7.
云南中三叠世罗平生物群中海参骨片化石的发现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在云南罗平中三叠统关岭组第二段(安尼阶Pelsonian亚阶)中发现了少量海参骨片化石,对其中的1属1种进行了描述。该发现丰富了罗平生物群的内容,为探讨中国三叠纪海参骨片化石的分类及演化增加了新材料。同时对海参骨片化石的产出层位进行了沉积环境分析,得出该类海参生活在正常浅海陆棚环境。  相似文献   
8.
青岛仿刺参中3种海参皂苷的分离纯化及结构鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对青岛产仿刺参体内皂苷类成分进行分离及结构鉴定,确定其皂苷的主要组成及比例。应用大孔树脂,正相硅胶柱层析和半制备型HPLC对青岛产仿刺参体内的皂苷成分进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。共分离并鉴定3种三萜皂苷类化合物,分别为Cladoloside B(1),Holotoxin A1(2)和Holotoxin B1(3)。青岛海域仿刺参体内的皂苷组成主要为Cladoloside B(1),Holotoxin A1(2)和Holotoxin B1(3),比例约为1∶4.5∶1.7。  相似文献   
9.
为研究超深渊海参肠道微生物多样性,了解其所在沉积环境的物质循环特征,利用MiSeq高通量测序技术,对雅浦海沟海参肠道微生物16S rDNA的V3-V4和V4-V5可变区基因序列进行了扩增,并与近岸养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道微生物的多样性和组成进行比较。实验结果显示,与养殖刺参比雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌的多样性(辛普森指数和Chao1指数)和丰富度(ACE指数和香农指数)均较低;雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌主要包括γ-变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria,34.1%)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria,16.0%)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes,24.0%),古菌主要由奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota,98.8%)组成;雅浦海沟海参肠道中,化能自养的氨氧化古菌亚硝化侏儒菌属(Nitrosopumilus)相对丰度达95.6%,甲基营养的硝酸盐还原菌(Methylotenera)相对丰度为10.6%;而养殖海参肠道中硫酸盐还原菌(28.1%)和硫氧化菌硫卵形菌属(Sulfurovum,13.7%)的相对丰度较高。16S rDNA基因序列的系统进化分析结果表明,亚硝化侏儒菌与超深渊沉积环境中奇古菌门亲缘关系最近,且遵循氨氧化古菌从陆地到深海进化的理论;雅浦海沟海参和养殖海参的肠道微生物组成差异可能反映了超深渊和近海沉积环境中氮循环、硫循环特征。本研究可以为揭示超深渊物质循环和能量流动及生命演化提供参考。  相似文献   
10.
十五种海参骨片的形态学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对采自国内外的15种海参干品骨片进行形态学观察,比较了各海参骨片类型及各类骨片的相对比例,结果发现15种海参的骨片类型包括桌形体、扣形体、杆状体、穿孔板、C形体和花纹样体6种,不同海参骨片种类及相对比例和同型骨片特征均存在明显差异,据此可将15种海参完全分开.本研究获得的结果有助于准确而快速地识别这些具有重要经济价值的海参.  相似文献   
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