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David Serrano Giné Joan Jurado Rota María Yolanda Pérez Albert Carla Bonfill Cerveró 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(3):412-422
The aim of this article is to introduce the Beach Crowding Index (BCI), a procedure to assess the social carrying capacity of vulnerable beaches. The study uses the people at one time (PAOT) approach and data gathered weekly throughout the bathing season regarding the number of beachgoers in 100 m2 cells of the beach to assess how many beachgoers it can comfortably hold. The procedure is based on fieldwork, interviews with beachgoers, and geographic information system (GIS) analysis and has been tested on four beaches in protected areas on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. On a scale from 0 to 4, minimum scores throughout the bathing season are 0.7 and maximum 3.7, although results showed wide variation between the beaches, the section of the beach, and the time of day. This study suggests that determining the location of beachgoers and collecting a long-term series of data is fundamental to assessing social carrying capacity and that the BCI procedure can be used for a large number of applications. 相似文献
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Impervious surfaces have a significant impact on urban runoff, groundwater, base flow, water quality, and climate. Increase in Anthropogenic Impervious Surfaces (AIS) for a region is a true representation of urban expansion. Monitoring of AIS in an urban region is helpful for better urban planning and resource management. Cost effective and efficient maps of AIS can be obtained for larger areas using remote sensing techniques. In the present study, extraction of AIS has been carried out using Double window Flexible Pace Search (DFPS) from a new index named as Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (NDAISI). NDAISI is developed by enhancing Biophysical Composition Index (BCI) in two stages using a new Modified Normalized Difference Soil Index (MNDSI). MNDSI has been developed from Band 7 and Band 8 (PAN) of Landsat 8 data. In comparison to existing impervious surface extraction methods, the new NDAISI approach is able to improve Spectral Discrimination Index (SDI) for bare soil and AIS significantly. Overall accuracy of mapping of AIS, using NDAISI approach has been found to be increased by nearly 23% when compared with existing impervious surface extraction methods. 相似文献
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波阻抗约束反演的几种方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍三种理论与实际效果比较好的波阻抗反演方法,即宽带约束反演(BCI)、快速模拟退火算法(FSA)和正则化方法。BCI是一种线性迭代方法,FSA是一种具有全局寻优特点的随机搜索方法,正则化方法是通过对目标函数施加先验约束,来解决反演的病态问题———多解性和不稳定性。最后,使用正则化方法并结合快速模拟退火算法,进行了理论模型试算和实际资料处理,实用效果比较好。 相似文献
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Understanding land use land cover change (LULCC) is a prerequisite for urban planning and environment management. For LULCC studies in urban/suburban environments, the abundance and spatial distributions of bare soil are essential due to its biophysically different properties when compared to anthropologic materials. Soil, however, is very difficult to be identified using remote sensing technologies majorly due to its complex physical and chemical compositions, as well as the lack of a direct relationship between soil abundance and its spectral signatures. This paper presents an empirical approach to enhance soil information through developing the ratio normalized difference soil index (RNDSI). The first step involves the generation of random samples of three major land cover types, namely soil, impervious surface areas (ISAs), and vegetation. With spectral signatures of these samples, a normalized difference soil index (NDSI) was proposed using the combination of bands 7 and 2 of Landsat Thematic Mapper Image. Finally, a ratio index was developed to further highlight soil covers through dividing the NDSI by the first component of tasseled cap transformation (TC1). Qualitative (e.g., frequency histogram and box charts) and quantitative analyses (e.g., spectral discrimination index and classification accuracy) were adopted to examine the performance of the developed RNDSI. Analyses of results and comparative analyses with two other relevant indices, biophysical composition index (BCI) and enhanced built-up and bareness Index (EBBI), indicate that RNDSI is promising in separating soil from ISAs and vegetation, and can serve as an input to LULCC models. 相似文献
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基于GEE平台的广州市主城区不透水面时间序列提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不透水面作为城市化水平以及城市环境的重要评价指标,其提取已经是当下的研究热点。与单时相影像相比,时间序列制图能够获取其准确的变化趋势,对于监测城市的快速发展具有重要意义。本文以广州市主城区为研究区,以Google Earth Engine平台为基础,利用2000-2017年的Landsat TOA影像计算BCI和NDVI,并通过自适应迭代法确定它们的阈值,从而提取初始的不透水面,然后进行时间一致性检验,使不透水面时间序列更加合理。研究结果表明:①BCI与NDVI的结合以及时间一致性检验能够提高不透水面的提取质量;②本文中不透水面提取的平均总体精度为90.4%,平均Kappa系数为0.812;③在2000-2017年广州市主城区不透水面面积增加近一倍,但增速有所放缓。④新增的不透水面主要集中在原本相对落后的主城区外围;⑤高程、道路密度和购物场所密度等是影响广州市主城区不透水面扩张的主要因素。 相似文献
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Mapping of urban area has always been a challenging task due to its similar spectral characteristics with bare soil. The spectral characteristics of urban and bare soil being similar, causes confusion and misclassification among themselves. A new modified normalized difference soil index (MNDSI) has been proposed using PAN and Band 7 of Landsat 8. PAN band of Landsat 8 provides increased contrast between vegetation and land areas without vegetation. Subsequently, MNDSI was used to develop a new normalized ratio urban index (NRUI) by enhancing the capability of biophysical composition index (BCI) in two stages. First, a ratio urban index (RUI) was developed which discriminates urban and soil better than BCI. Second, RUI was further enhanced, subsequently known as NRUI, which is able to discriminate urban area from soil even better than RUI. MNDSI and NRUI show a good discrimination between soil and urban and may be useful for such purposes. 相似文献
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