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1.
Oyster reefs and their spatial patterns are deemed to change the local hydrodynamic condition and exert profound impacts on the grain size, concentration and transportation of suspended sediments. Meanwhile, high suspended sediment concentration often results in excess mortality among oysters. Oyster reefs are rare and vital ecosystem in Liyashan national marine park, Jiangsu Coast, China. However, urgent conservation efforts should be made on account of the drastic reduction in reef areas. To investigate the sediment dynamics and the geomorphology, two tripod observation systems were deployed and UAV aerial surveys with elevation measurement using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) were also carried out. High mud content (60%) was found in the bed sediment at the reef ridge, causing much lower drag coefficient than other recorded values of living oyster reefs, indicating the death of oysters and the degradation of reefs in Liyashan. Ridgelines of the string reefs at 45° to the current direction and high suspended sediment concentration in the water body (50–370 mg/L) that exceeds the threshold (200 mg/L), which would affect nutrient uptake efficiency and further result in gill saturation, decrease of clearance rate and associated deposition, were probably crucial causes of the death of oysters. The findings are useful for restoring natural oyster reefs and designing artificial reefs for nature-based coastal defense.  相似文献   
2.
利用1961-2017年辽宁省61个气象站逐月降水数据,以5-8月为研究时段建立旱涝急转指数(drought-flood abrupt alternation index,DFAI)序列,采用线性倾向法、趋势分析、阶段性分析、T检验、ArcGIS空间插值等方法对辽宁省降水集中期的旱涝急转现象进行时空特征分析。结果表明:1961-2017年辽宁省降水集中期DFAI总体以-0.7/(10 a)的速率下降,有13 a出现旱转涝,有19 a出现涝转旱;DFAI强度以0.1/(10 a)的速率略呈上升趋势。近57 a,辽宁省旱转涝多发生在20世纪60年代,涝转旱多发生在20世纪70年代和20世纪初之后,1989年出现了涝转旱的突变,发生频率呈增多趋势,1994年又出现旱转涝的突变,发生频率呈减少趋势。典型旱转涝年(2013年),DFAI的高值区分布在中、西部地区;典型涝转旱年(2014年),DFAI绝对值的高值区分布在东北部和中西部地区。DFAI变化率在空间分布上具有明显的中、北部增多,东、西部减少的趋势差异。  相似文献   
3.
通过对济南2013年12月—2018年2月PM2.5质量浓度数据分析得出,PM2.5质量浓度平均和最大值均为冬季最高,春秋季次之,夏季最低;PM2.5质量浓度值1月和12月最高,8月最低;其质量浓度呈明显的逐年递减趋势。在不同风向上PM2.5质量浓度存在显著差异性,在N风向和ESE(盛行)风向上均出现了质量浓度较大值,一方面与污染物的异地输送有关,另一方面与济南的特殊地形有关。研究表明,无论污染源在山脉的背风侧还是迎风侧,都很容易导致高浓度污染;尤其在冬季,山脉地形还会加重逆温影响,使污染程度加重。通过相关性研究发现,冬季、春季和秋季,PM2.5质量浓度与相对湿度和平均总云量均呈正相关,与日照时数及其距平呈负相关;冬季,PM2.5质量浓度与平均气温及其距平以及最高、最低气温均呈正相关,与平均、最高、最低气压均呈负相关;春季和秋季,PM2.5质量浓度与气温距平值呈正相关;夏季和秋季,PM2.5质量浓度与日降水量呈负相关,而且随着雨强的增大,对PM2.5的洗消作用越显著。上述变量间相关性均通过了P≤0.01显著性检验。  相似文献   
4.
Competition and predation are the two major biotic interactions in zooplankton community. Various rotifer species exhibit polymorphism in lorica and spine morphology in the presence of predators and competitors, which effectively increases their defence competition capacity. This study compared life-history parameters between long-spined morph (LSM) and short-spined morph (SSM) of Keratella tropica at three temperatures. The results showed that both morphs showed significantly higher intrinsic rate of population increase at 25 °C than those at 20 °C and 30 °C. The intrinsic rate of population increase was significantly lower in LSM than SSM at 25 °C and 30 °C, and the net reproductive rate was significantly lower in LSM than SSM at 30 °C. These results suggested that K. tropica had cost on development of long spines, which, however, was dependent on temperature. Moreover, the competition outcome of LSM and SSM with Moina macrocopa were investigated at three densities of Scenedesmus obliquus (0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106 and 2.0 × 106 cells/mL) and three initial densities of M. macrocopa (0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 ind./mL), revealing that both LSM and SSM populations decreased significantly at all tested algal densities and Moina levels. LSM showed higher population growth rate than SSM at lower algal density (0.5 × 106 cells/mL) and higher Moina densities (0.3 and 0.9 ind./mL), which suggested that LSM could be more effective to defend M. macrocopa. Three-way analysis of variance showed no significant effects of algal density on population growth rate of K. tropica, but interaction between algal density and M. macrocopa density significantly affected its population growth rate.  相似文献   
5.
The late Quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes, and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes. This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late Quaternary shallowwater carbonates. Petrographic, mineralogical, stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone. The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC) and low-Mg calcite(LMC) divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals, which are Unit I(31.20–55.92 m, LMC), Unit II(18.39–31.20 m, aragonite and LMC) and Unit III(upper 18.39 m of core, aragonite, LMC and HMC). Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units. The lowermost Unit I has suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis, whereas the overlying Units II and III have undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis. The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis. Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized. The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na) and sulphur(S) caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences. This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis, which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry.  相似文献   
6.
中国泥炭矿成矿规律与开发利用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
泥炭是具有重要意义的新兴产业矿产,是传统矿产向新兴产业矿产“华丽转身”的典型。全球泥炭资源的总量约为5000亿吨,我国的泥炭资源总量仅为124. 96亿吨,资源量较为丰富,质量中等,但需要量在上升。我国泥炭的分布具有普遍性和不均匀性,成矿时代为第四纪(全新世),更早的泥炭多已经历成煤的早期阶段而转变为褐煤。我国的泥炭矿床类型主要以富营养草本泥炭为主,木本为辅,藓类泥炭次之。本文在对1988年全国泥炭报告中罗列的5719处泥炭矿产地进行梳理的基础上,总结其成矿规律,根据资源规模厘定出5个大型矿集区,7个中小型矿集区,3个大型预测区,为泥炭勘查工作提供依据。离最近一次全国泥炭资源调查已30年,多处泥炭地由于全球气候变化、城市化发展等原因而消失,非常有必要重新评估。需要强调的是,泥炭的用途已经不再是“燃料”矿产,不再主要用于取暖,而在节能环保、生物等战略性新兴产业中发挥特殊作用,故应该从生态文明建设、碳汇、环境保护、生物技术等角度创新定位其功能和用途。鉴于泥炭的新用途及其利用趋势,《中国矿产地质志》编委会建议将其定位为非金属矿产而非“能源”矿产,据此提出开发利用建议。  相似文献   
7.
中蒙边界地区成矿地质条件优越,是世界上重要的金属成矿省和全球3大斑岩型铜(金、钼)成矿带之一,资源潜力巨大。中蒙合作1∶100万地球化学填图采集了海量的地球化学数据,为研究该地区元素分散富集、成矿趋势、资源评价和环境变化提供基础数据,为“一带一路”资源布局提供决策依据。以X±3S为临界值一次性剔除离群值后的数据集的中位值作为背景值的估计值,计算了中蒙边界地区12个Ⅱ级构造单元和5个Ⅱ级成矿省的汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值,探讨了中蒙边界地区汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值的区域分布规律和特征。研究表明不同的地质背景导致元素的地球化学分布模式不同,不同构造单元具有显著差异的元素地球化学特征,元素的海量聚集为大型矿床的形成提供了充足的元素供给,形成特定的地球化学省。这些背景值为进一步深入开发利用中蒙边界地球化学填图数据提供了可供对比的基础数据。  相似文献   
8.
利用2015年1月至2017年6月桂林国家基本气象站能见度、相对湿度、气温、气压、降水等气象要素和PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0颗粒物质量浓度资料,分析桂林城区大气能见度与颗粒物浓度和气象因子之间关系。结果表明:桂林城区大气能见度和PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0呈对数关系,相关系数分别为-0.341、-0.461、-0.509,颗粒物对大气能见度影响在相对湿度为60%—70%时最为显著。在各气象因子中,大气能见度与风速的相关性最好,其次为相对湿度,与风速呈二次函数关系,与相对湿度呈幂指数关系,与温度相关性较小,与气压在秋冬季节呈正相关,相关系数冬季可达0.301,但在春、夏季节相关性不显著;利用颗粒物浓度和气象要素建立8种大气能见度非线性统计回归模型,比较后发现利用PM1.0、风速、相对湿度、气温等因子建立的不同季节大气能见度拟合公式在实际检验中效果最优,能较好地模拟桂林地区大气能见度的变化。  相似文献   
9.
Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.  相似文献   
10.
Record Low Sea-Ice Concentration in the Central Arctic during Summer 2010   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The Arctic sea-ice extent has shown a declining trend over the past 30 years. Ice coverage reached historic minima in 2007 and again in 2012. This trend has recently been assessed to be unique over at least the last 1450 years. In the summer of 2010, a very low sea-ice concentration(SIC) appeared at high Arctic latitudes—even lower than that of surrounding pack ice at lower latitudes. This striking low ice concentration—referred to here as a record low ice concentration in the central Arctic(CARLIC)—is unique in our analysis period of 2003–15, and has not been previously reported in the literature. The CARLIC was not the result of ice melt, because sea ice was still quite thick based on in-situ ice thickness measurements.Instead, divergent ice drift appears to have been responsible for the CARLIC. A high correlation between SIC and wind stress curl suggests that the sea ice drift during the summer of 2010 responded strongly to the regional wind forcing. The drift trajectories of ice buoys exhibited a transpolar drift in the Atlantic sector and an eastward drift in the Pacific sector,which appeared to benefit the CARLIC in 2010. Under these conditions, more solar energy can penetrate into the open water,increasing melt through increased heat flux to the ocean. We speculate that this divergence of sea ice could occur more often in the coming decades, and impact on hemispheric SIC and feed back to the climate.  相似文献   
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