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1.
The Hg concentration in seawater and copepod samples collected from the area around hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island and the adjacent marine environment in northeastern Taiwan were analyzed to study Hg bioaccumulation in copepods living in polluted and clean marine environments. The seawater collected from the hydrothermal vent area had an extremely high concentration of dissolved Hg, 50.6–256 ng l−1. There was slightly higher Hg content in the copepods, 0.08–0.88 μg g−1. The dissolved Hg concentration in the hydrothermal vent seawater was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that in the adjacent environment. The bioconcentration factor of the studied copepods ranged within 103–106, and showed higher dissolved concentration as the bioconcentration factor was lower. A substantial abundance, but with less copepod diversity was recorded in the seawater around the hydrothermal vent area. Temora turbinata was the species of opportunity under the hydrothermal vent influence.  相似文献   
2.
This paper brings together unpublished historical data sets and published literature to review the role of climatic, oceanographic and ecological processes in the marine ecosystem of the eastern Canadian Archipelago. Physical data include characteristics of the water masses, circulation patterns, sea ice conditions, and climatic records from 1950s onward. Biological data include unpublished data sets on nutrients, primary and secondary production, and sedimentation, which were collected during the 1980–1990s in the eastern Canadian Archipelago. These results show high year-to-year variability in nutrient inventories and ratios, the magnitude of the ice algae and phytoplankton bloom, the timing of ice algae sedimentation in the spring, and the composition of the zooplankton community. The significance of this high interannual variability and its effect on pelagic–benthic coupling processes is discussed in the context of climatic and oceanographic forcing, with emphasis on recent (past decade) Arctic changes. An estimate of total primary production in the Archipelago is also presented, along with published production estimates for other Arctic shelves, showing that the Archipelago may support up to 32% of the total primary production of Arctic shelves. The high year-to-year variability in production and carbon transfer pathways (e.g. pelagic versus benthic) in the Archipelago suggest that the system might be resilient to the increased variability in climatic conditions occurring in the past decade. However, this increased variability combined with directional change in climatic and oceanographic conditions might also modify the existing balance of ecological processes. For example, shifts in the timing of events appear to have already occurred in the past decade, with potential cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.  相似文献   
3.
Sediment chemistry and meiofaunal samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to examine the relationship between sediment variables and meiofauna diversity across near- and far-field gradients surrounding several finfish aquaculture operations. The sediment variables examined consisted of free sulfide concentrations, redox potential (E(NHE)), organic content, and sediment grain size. A strong trend between sediment texture and organic content was observed across all sampling locations, which reflected a wide range of sediment types (sand-silt) that exist within the Broughton Archipelago. The abundance of certain meiofaunal groups (kinorhynchs, crustaceans, polychaetes) declined in an asymptotic fashion with increasing free sulfide concentrations, an indicator of benthic organic enrichment. Within these relationships, low meiofaunal abundances occurred in fine sediments associated with higher organic contents. Although other groups (nematodes, foraminifera) showed a slight decline in abundance with increasing organic enrichment, a high amount of variability in abundance was observed at high free sulfide concentrations, rendering these groups not suitable as indicators of organic enrichment. This study reports both horizontal and vertical trends in meiofaunal distributions relative to free sulfide concentrations. The abundance of nematode and crustacean taxa decreased with sediment depth as well as increasing sulfide concentration, while polycheate abundance increased with increasing free sulfide concentration. The ratio of nematodes to copepods was also shown to represent the degree of organic loading associated with aquaculture operations and its application as an indicator of benthic impact is discussed.  相似文献   
4.
海洋浮游动物粪便通量   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
海洋浮游动物粪便颗粒的沉降被认为是碳从海洋表层向海底输送的主要途径之一,对研究碳通量和水层-底栖耦合具有重要意义。综述了有关浮游动物粪便的形态、产生率、分解速度和沉降速度的研究,以及近年来沉积物捕捉器样品的研究。虽然通过粪便产生率和沉降速度估计出的粪便通量很大,但是沉积物中粪便颗粒造成的碳通量所占比例不大。因此,对其它沉积途径的研究不容忽视。  相似文献   
5.
分别以高氮(摩尔C/N=8.5)、低氮(C/N=12.7)和氮添加(C/N=9.6)亚心形四爿藻(Tetraselmis subcordiformis)喂食安氏伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)的幼体和成体,研究了此水蚤在不同氮条件下的生长、发育和摄食。随着藻细胞C/N比值的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤的生长速率从(0.067±0.001)/d减缓到(0.056±0.001)/d,同时,高氮条件下,幼体分别发育5d和18d后进入桡足幼体期和成体期,氮添加实验组与之相仿,低氮条件下则推迟到第8天进入桡足幼体期。随着藻细胞C/N比值的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤各个时期个体的氮含量显著降低,存活率也随之降低。处于高氮或氮添加条件下的无节幼体、桡足幼体和成体的氮摄食率[(0.53-0.95)×10?4mgN/(ind·h)]均比低氮条件[(0.32-0.6)×10?4mgN/(ind·h)]要高,但仅成体的碳摄食率在高氮条件下达(8.11±1.21)×10?4mgC/(ind·h),明显高于低碳条件下的(7.54±0.35)mgC/(ind·h)。结果表明:氮缺乏对安氏伪镖水蚤的生长发育和摄食等均有明显的抑制作用。氮添加条件下的饵料仅部分逆转这种抑制作用,暗示安氏伪镖水蚤的生长和摄食除受氮元素的直接限制外,还可能由于饵料在低氮时缺乏某些化合物而受限。  相似文献   
6.
In order to understand the mechanism by which zooplankters from different origins co-occur during the upwelling season within Golfo de Arauco, one of the most productive areas in central Chile, we assessed short term variations in the vertical distribution of the most abundant copepod species. Fine-scale, day and night vertical zooplankton sampling was done with a pump over 12 days in summer. The water column in the gulf consisted of three layers: Equatorial Subsurface Water of low dissolved oxygen content in the deeper part of the water column, strong temperature and oxygen gradients at mid-depth (15-25 m), and a layer of warmer, more oxygenated, less saline water at the surface. Copepods within the gulf originated from offshore, from the continental shelf, and from the coastal area. Most taxa showed distinctive vertical distributions. Three copepod groups were identified by their mean weighted depths of residence. One group included shallow residents found above the thermocline/oxycline (Acartia tonsa, Centropages brachiatus, Corycaeus sp., Paracalanus parvus, Oncaea sp.). A second group was comprised by species distributed at or below the thermocline/oxycline (Oithona sp., Oncaea conifera, Lucicutia sp., Metridia sp., Heterorhabdus papilliger). The third group was composed of vertical migrators that crossed the thermocline/oxycline (Calanus chilensis, Calanoides patagoniensis, Aetideus armatus, Pleuromamma piseki). In spite of their different vertical distribution ranges, the most abundant and frequent copepod species (P. parvus, C. chilensis, C. patagoniensis, C. brachiatus) share a common capacity to withstand wide ranges of oxygen concentration and temperature. This characteristic, along with the capacity to vary their life strategies under different environmental conditions, seems to facilitate the maintenance of large numbers of copepods in coastal waters along the Humboldt Current.  相似文献   
7.
A mesoscale iron-fertilization experiment was carried out in the western subarctic Pacific during summer 2001. The iron-patch was traced for 14 days after the fertilization, and the abundance and behavior of mesozooplankton were compared with those outside of the patch. The phytoplankton biomass in the patch rapidly increased to over 15 times the initial level by the later half of the observation period, and was composed of large-sized (>10 mm), centric diatoms. Dominant zooplankton species in the upper 200-m depth were large copepods: Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus, Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica. Mesozoplankton biomass as well as species composition did not change significantly in the patch over the observation period. Furthermore, no changes of vertical distribution or diel vertical migration were observed for any species or stages of mesozooplankton throughout the observation period. However, the abundance of the first copepodite stages of N. plumchrus and E. bungii increased several fold in the patch after the diatom bloom formation compared to the densities outside the patch. The increases of both species are considered to be due to lowered mortality during the egg and nauplius stages. Spawning of N. plumchrus takes place at depth using lipid storage, while spawning of E. bungii takes place in the surface layer supported by grazing. These facts suggest that the relative importance of nauplii in the diets of the large copepods was decreased in the patch by the diatom bloom. Gut-pigment contents of dominant copepods in the patch increased 4–18 times, and the maximum values were observed during the bloom peak. However, the grazing impact on phytoplankton was low throughout the experiment, especially during the bloom period (<6% of the primary production).  相似文献   
8.
胶州湾桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的丰度与生物量   总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8  
张武昌  王荣 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(3):280-287
1997年9月,12月,1998年2月,4月,8月,11月以及1999年2月和5大以胶州湾采集桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的样品,样品用Lugol‘s试剂固定(最后浓度1%),用显微镜计数桡足类幼虫和浮游生纤毛虫的丰度,并计算总生物量(表层生物量和水体生物量)。桡足类幼虫,无壳纤毛虫和砂壳纤毛虫的最大丰度分别为850ind/L(1998年8月),21300ind/L(1998年8月)和172ind/L(1999年5),表层的总丰度为10-22630ind/L,平均分布湾内比湾外多,表层纤毛虫和桡足类幼虫的总生物量为0.10-380.27ugC/L,水体的生物量为0.20-1426.02mgC/m^2.  相似文献   
9.
张光涛  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(2):196-202
1998年12月-1999年1月在南极普里兹湾采用现场培养的方法对大、中型桡足类优势种尖角似哲水蚤(Calanoides acutus)、戈氏长腹水蚤(Metridia gerlachei)和巨锚哲水蚤(Rhincalanus gigas)进行了实验研究,同时根据浮游动物垂直拖网的样品分析了它们的种群结构。结果表明,在实验中,C.acutus和M.gerlachei的平均产卵量分别为13.3(5-49)和5(4-12)个/雌/天;R.gigas没有产卵。随后对获得的卵进行连续观察,所有的卵均没有孵化。通过标本分析发现,C.acutus夏季的种群结构为双峰态,尤其是陆冰缘站,新生个体主要是CI期桡足幼体,而越冬个体包括CIV、CV和雌性成体。R.gigas的种群结构特征不明显,新生个体为12月末发现的大量集中分布的无节幼体。M.gerlachei表现出和C.acutus相似的丰度分布特性,但其种群结构主要是成体和晚期幼体。  相似文献   
10.
Predatory interaction strengths are highly context-dependent, and in temporary aquatic ecosystems, may be affected by water volume changes. We examine the influence of water volume on Lovenula raynerae (Copepoda) functional responses towards two temporary pond prey types. Daphnia prey risk was not affected by increasing water volume, whereas for Culex prey risk was reduced. Accordingly, water volume changes through the hydroperiod may have species-specific effects on prey, with implications for population persistence under environmental change.  相似文献   
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