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管道腐蚀速率的影响因素众多且各因素协同作用,构成异常复杂的腐蚀体系,很难对其进行准确预测。针对单一BP模型由于初始权值和阈值的选取不当容易陷入局部最优等问题,引入WOA算法优化BP神经网络对海底管道腐蚀速率进行预测,并与GA和PSO算法优化BP预测模型进行对比,验证WOA-BP模型的预测效果和可行性。结果表明：WOA-BP模型的平均绝对百分误差和均方根误差分别为3.689%和0.1537,远低于单一BP、PSO-BP、GA-BP模型,具有较高的预测精度和稳定性,可以为海底管道内腐蚀防护和油气管道流动保障提供决策支持。 相似文献
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This paper demonstrates that the direct wave of a radar ground-coupled antenna may be used for the nondestructive assessment of the physical condition of concrete, which directly influences the corrosion of the reinforcing bars in the structure. The validity of this method was evaluated by a comparison with the electrical resistivity method, which is frequently used for the evaluation of corrosion probability. Both methods were implemented in the laboratory on 72 concrete samples (25 × 25 × 8 cm3) with various degrees of saturation and chloride contamination levels. On-site investigations were also carried out on the concrete slab (1080 m2) of a car-park.The results of the laboratory tests show that the radar direct signal is strongly affected by variations in concrete moisture and chloride contamination level. The tests performed in real conditions confirm the good correlation between radar direct wave attenuation and electrical resistivity and, thus, the aptitude of the radar direct wave to detect concrete conditions leading to reinforcement corrosion. 相似文献
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随着服役时间的增长，侵蚀环境下钢筋混凝土框架节点因钢筋发生不同程度的锈蚀而造成承载性能下降，严重影响建筑结构的安全使用。本文在已有钢筋混凝土框架节点抗剪强度理论模型的基础上，考虑钢筋锈蚀对框架节点受力性能的影响，建立锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架中节点受剪承载力计算公式。通过11组锈蚀钢筋混凝土节点试验数据，对建议理论模型进行验证。研究结果表明，锈蚀钢筋混凝土节点受剪承载力试验值与理论计算值之比的平均值为0.951，方差为0.075，二者吻合较好，本文建议的计算方法可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架中节点承载力分析。 相似文献
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国产热浸锌锚链的耐蚀性研究(Ⅰ):热浸锌锚链的海港试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文记叙了国内外首次以大型商品化热浸锌锚链为研究对象的海港试验结果,跟踪记录了其4年的腐蚀与生物污损发展过程。分别于2013年7月、2014年7月、2015年7月和2016年7月将试验锚链提出海面,对出现在锚链上的全部附着生物进行刮取、分类、鉴定、称重,清洗锚链的表面,检查锈点,并对热浸锌锚链表面测厚,照相记录跟踪全过程。试验结果表明：裸钢腐蚀严重,锈层在2~3mm,腐蚀产物易成片脱落,形成大小不等的腐蚀坑,最大坑深3mm左右;热浸锌锚链未出现明显腐蚀点,大气区锌层腐蚀速率约10μm/a,水下区锌层腐蚀速率约20~70μm/a,但在两个链环连接处出现磨蚀锈斑;耐蚀性在不同区带中表现为水上链>水下链;热浸锌锚链表面的污损生物数量少于未浸锌锚链,随着时间延长,热浸锌锚链表面污损生物逐年增多,其中优势生物为海鞘（Ascidians）、苔藓虫（Bryozoans）,其次是贻贝（Mytilus sp.）、牡蛎（Ostreidae sp.）、石莼（Ulva sp.）,曾出现南方污损生物种,如翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）。2013~2014、2014~2015、2015~2016三年锚链单位面积上污损生物的重量分别为1257.6、1454.6和21304.0g/m2。污损生物重量的增加大大增加了锚链的磨蚀程度,为锚链腐蚀失效埋下了隐患。本研究为海洋工程锚链设计或应用提供了宝贵的科学依据。 相似文献
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研究了氧化还原电位(Oxidation Reduction Potential, ORP)对海水中碳钢腐蚀电化学特征的影响,应用动电位极化曲线法探讨了 ORP 与碳钢腐蚀行为之间的关系。结果表明,海水的 ORP 参数对碳钢腐蚀行为具有较大的影响,其中 O2/OH?电对的作用占主导,其他电对如 Fe3+/Fe2+也有一定的影响。随着海水 ORP 的增大,其氧化能力越强,碳钢腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速度加快。水质相对稳定的开放性大洋海水中,可以考虑海水氧化还原电位在碳钢腐蚀速度预测评估中的应用。 相似文献
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Samples taken from a shooting range near Blacksburg, VA, USA provide information about the reservoirs and pathways of lead
at shooting ranges in an upland setting and humid environment. The metallic lead shot corrodes rapidly and develops a coating
of hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2). Hydrocerussite dissolution releases soluble lead at concentrations ranging from 2 ppb to 2 ppm depending the soil pH values
at this site. This soluble lead is captured by the Fe and Mn oxides and carbonates soil fractions. The highest concentration
of extractable lead contained in the soil was directly correlated with the highest concentration of lead shot and bullets
measured on the shotgun range surface. Eh-pH and hydrolysis diagrams provide a useful geochemical framework for understanding
the corrosion process, recognizing the corrosion product(s), understanding their solubility, and identifying the geochemical
barriers to lead migration that provides a basis for selecting best management practices for this and other shooting range. 相似文献
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The northern Adriatic coast, which forms part of the Dinaric karst system, is bordered by high mountains. Here, the occurrence
of rock-slides and rock-falls in road sections with high cuttings excavated in recent times and more than one century ago
has been documented. Some of these old slopes were stable for a long time before rock-slides started to occur. We propose
that these mass movements are favoured by karstification processes acting along joints in the exposed rock mass. The stress
changes induced by overburden removal (excavation) cause dilation in the mass joint systems reducing the rock mass strength
and facilitating the circulation of aggressive water. Changes in water pressure and temperature, wetting and drying cycles,
and corrosion processes along discontinuity planes entail a reduction through time of the shear strength of potential failure
surfaces. 相似文献
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Polar anthropogenic organic micropollutants are frequently detected in freshwater and discharged on large scale into marine systems. In this work the results of 153 samples collected from the shorelines of the Baltic Sea (Germany), Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy), Aegean Sea and Dardanelles (Greece & Turkey), San Francisco Bay (USA), Pacific Ocean (USA), Mediterranean Sea (Israel), and Balearic Sea (Spain) are presented. The samples were analyzed for various classes of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and stimulants. Caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine, tolyltriazole, 1H-benzotriazole, and atrazine were detected in >50% of all samples. The detection frequencies of carbamazepine, iopamidol, diuron, sulfamethoxazole, paracetamol, theophylline, and atenolol were between 20% and 32%. As caffeine is linked to untreated wastewater, the widespread occurrence of raw sewage in marine environments and thus potentially elevated nutrient concentrations and risk for the presence of wastewater-related pathogens is remarkable. 相似文献
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以量子化学构效关系计算为指导,合成与筛选了两种环境友好型有机阻锈剂化合物,分别是烟酸和烯效唑,通过研究几何最优化构型、总电荷密度分布和分子前线轨道能量分布,发现两种化合物均具有类平面分子结构,能以0°二面角的取向吸附在金属表面;阻锈效率随分子供电子能力增强而提高,能够形成亲核吸附中心的价电子云分布主要集中在N、O、Cl杂原子和共轭双键的周围;并均具有较高的HOMO能量和较小的HOMO-LUMO能量差.使用恒电量法对两种化合物的阻锈效率进行了快速评价,通过采用量子化学复合参数来替代描述分子热力学性质的吸附平衡常数K,将所测阻锈效率与浓度进行函数关联,建立了不受理想吸附假定条件限制的多元非线性构效关系方程. 相似文献