基于树轮宽度的太白山地区春季干湿变化重建          下载免费PDF全文

齐贵增  白红英  孟清  赵婷  郭少壮 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):955-966

秦岭为我国气候分界线和南水北调中线重要水源地,太白山为其最高峰,了解太白山区域的过去干湿变化特征对气候变化机制研究和未来水资源持续利用具有重要意义。基于秦岭太白山地区太白红杉树木年轮资料及其附近的宝鸡、眉县气象站1959—2016年气象数据进行分析,重建了1852—2016年春季（3~5月）SPEI值,分析了近165 a太白山春季干湿变化特征及其与大尺度环流变化关系。结果表明：（1） 太白山地区太白红杉径向生长主要受春季气候限制;与春季SPEI值相关性最高,达到–0.72（P<0.01）,重建方程方差解释量为51.8%（调整自由度后为51.0%）。（2） 重建结果表明,近165 a来,有29 a春季为湿润年份,有23 a春季为干旱年份,分别占比为17.58%和13.94%。极端干旱年份为1892年、1929年、1945年和2006年,极端湿润年份为1881年、1921年和1990年,其中1892年（–1.73）和1881年（1.53）分别为最干旱和最湿润的年份。（3） 重建结果得到了周边地区干湿变化重建结果和历史文献灾害记载的验证;太白山地区干湿变化可以准确表征大区域干湿变化且存在2.5 a、3.1 a、3.8 a和8.4 a周期变化。太白山地区SPEI与赤道东太平洋海面温度成负相关以及与赤道西太平洋海面温度呈正相关,其干湿变化可能与ENSO活动有关。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon,Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China     

Linping Xie  Baodong Wang  Ming Xin  Min Wang  Xiuping He  Qinsheng Wei  Xiaoyong Shi  Xia Sun 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(9)

Variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.  相似文献   

不同条件下哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harvey)对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)致病性研究     

赵吉臣  王刚  邓中宁  陈兆明  孙成波 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1413-1419

为研究墨吉明对虾弧菌病的防控方法, 本文通过人工注射感染的方式, 研究不同数量哈维 氏弧菌及在不同温度、盐度、pH、不同硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮和氨氮浓度条件下哈维氏弧菌对墨吉明对 虾的致病性的影响。结果表明: 当人工感染哈维氏弧菌数量为3.16×10⁸ CFU 时, 24 h 内对虾累计死 亡率为96.67%; 哈维氏弧菌数量为3.16×10⁶ CFU 以上, 实验结束时, 对虾累计死亡率都超过了 50.00%.在20-32℃ 范围内, 随着温度升高哈维氏弧菌致病力增强, 并且低温组(20℃ 实验组与 26℃ 实验组)对虾累计死亡率显著低于高温组(32℃ 实验组)(P<0.05).在温度为(24±1)℃ 时, 盐度为 20 时对虾累计死亡率处于较低水平; 在温度为(24±1)℃, 盐度为(22±1)时, 96 h, pH 为8.0 时对虾 累计死亡率最低, 并且与另外两个实验组差异显著(P<0.05); 温度为(24±1)℃, 盐度为(22±1), 硝 酸氮对感染哈维氏弧菌的墨吉明对虾有胁迫作用; 在亚硝酸氮浓度(1.0-10.0 mg/L)、氨氮浓度 (0.5-1.5 mg/L)范围内, 哈维氏弧菌对墨吉明对虾的致病性, 随着浓度升高而增强。本实验为墨吉明 对虾弧菌病的防控提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

中国对虾选育群体“黄海1号”和野生群体不同组织基因组DNA甲基化的MSAP分析     

何玉英  杜盈  李健  刘萍  王清印  李朝霞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):175-180

DNA甲基化在调节动物生长发育和组织分化中发挥了重要作用。本研究主要从酶切、预扩和选扩等方面优化了中国对虾DNA甲基化分析的MSAP技术,给出了适合中国对虾MSAP分析的最近反应程序和体系,并采用该技术分别对中国对虾选育群体"黄海1号"和野生群体的肌肉、鳃和血细胞三种组织基因组DNA的CCGG甲基化水平进行分析。研究结果表明,中国对虾野生群体肌肉、鳃和血细胞的DNA甲基化比例分别为23.1%、22.3%和19.7%,选育群体"黄海1号"肌肉、鳃和血液的甲基化比例分别为21.4%、19.6%和18.9%。鳃组织的DNA甲基化水平在两群体中差异极显著(P <0.01),肌肉间的甲基化水平差异显著(P <0.05),而血细胞中甲基化水平差异不显著(P >0.05)。中国对虾野生群体和"黄海1号"同一组织间的甲基化水平不同(P ≤ 0.05),而不同组织间的甲基化水平也各不相同(P ≤ 0.05)。DNA甲基化多态性分析表明,野生群体和选育群体"黄海1号"的鳃和血细胞组织的甲基化多态性比例变化明显,而肌肉组织甲基化水平较稳定,这些变化趋势与CCGG位点的甲基化和去甲基化有关。  相似文献   

Abundance and degree of residency of humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea in Mossel Bay,South Africa     

BS James  MN Bester  GS Penry  E Gennari 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):383-394

Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea inhabit nearshore waters from South Africa to eastern India. Humpback dolphins are vulnerable to conservation threats due to their naturally small population sizes and use of nearshore habitats, where human activities are highest. We investigated the abundance and residency of this species inhabiting Mossel Bay, South Africa, using photographic mark-recapture. Data were collected during 81 surveys in Mossel Bay between 2011 and 2013. Open population modelling using the POPAN parameterisation produced a ‘super-population’ estimate of 125 individuals (95% CI: 61–260) and within-year estimates of between 33 and 86 individuals (2011: 71 [95% CI: 30–168]; 2012: 33 [15–73], 32 [15–70]; 2013: 46 [20–108]). Although less appropriate, closed capture models were also run for comparison with previous studies in the region and generated similar, but slightly smaller, population estimates within each year. We compared our catalogue with opportunistic data collected from East London, Plettenberg Bay, De Hoop and Gansbaai. The only catalogue matches attained were between Plettenberg Bay (n = 44 identified) and Mossel Bay (n = 67 identified), separated by 140?km. Population exchange was moderate, with nine individuals resighted in multiple years between these two areas. This study supports previous findings of long-range movements for this species and provides a baseline from which to assess future impacts on the population.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲湿地柽柳林生长动态密度结构的响应特征     

夏江宝  陆兆华  孔雪华  刘京涛  韩瑞东  朱金方 《湿地科学》2012,10(3):332-338

为了阐明滨海湿地不同密度柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)林的生长动态,探索滨海湿地柽柳林的密度合理性,在黄河三角洲莱州湾南岸的山东昌邑海洋生态特别保护区内,利用标准木树干解析法,对10a生的3种密度(2400株/hm2、3 600株/hm2和4400株/hm2)的柽柳林地上生物量、林木生长动态和基径分布特征进行研究.结果表明,3种密度林分的地上生物量、树高生长量和林木基径生长过程差别较大.随着林分密度增大,林木单株生物量和基径减小,但单位面积林分生物量增加;树高、基径的速生期都出现滞后现象.3种密度林分基径分布的偏度系数(SK)差别较大;密度为3 600株/hm2林分的SK值为0.085,接近正态分布,林分密度结构和基径分布较为合理;密度为2 400株/hm2和4 400株/hm2林分的SK值分别为-0.842和0.303,偏离正态分布,林分密度结构不合理.密度为2 400株/hm2林分的峰度系数(K)为0.017,林木生长相对整齐;密度为3 600株/hm2和4 400株/hm2林分的K值相差不大;密度因素对林木分化作用较小.若不考虑10a间的林木间伐利用,该区柽柳人工造林合理的初植密度建议为3 600株/hm2(株行距约2.0 m×2.0 m).  相似文献   

Peptidomic analysis of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) hemolymph by magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS     

王宝杰  刘梅  蒋克勇  张国范  王雷 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(2):407-415

Peptides in shrimp hemolymph play an important role in the innate immune response.Analysis of hemolymph will help to detect and identify potential novel biomarkers of microbial infection.We used magnetic bead-based purification(ClinProt system) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) to characterize shrimp hemolymph peptides.Shrimp serum and plasma were used as the source of samples for comparative analysis,and it was found that serum was more suitable for shrimp hemolymph peptidomic analysis.To screen potential specific biomarkers in serum of immune-challenged shrimps,we applied magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS to serum samples from 10 immune-challenged and 10 healthy shrimps.The spectra were analyzed using FlexAnalysis 3.0 and ClinProTools 2.1 software.Thirteen peptide peaks significantly different between the two groups were selected as candidate biomarkers of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-infection.The diagnostic model established by genetic algorithm using five of these peaks was able to discriminate LPS-challenged shrimps from healthy control shrimps with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%.Our approach in MALDITOF MS-based peptidomics is a powerful tool for screening bioactive peptides or biomarkers derived from hemolymph,and will help to enable a better understanding of the innate immune response of shrimps.  相似文献   

The Complete Sequence of Mitochondrial COⅡ Gene of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Its Applicability as a Marker for Phylogenetic Analysis     

YU Shanshan KONG Xiaoyu LI Yulong XU Hui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(2):187-192

The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ （COⅡ） gene of Penaeinae shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned and sequenced. The gene is 688 bp in length and codes for 229 amino acids. It shows 83.2%, 87.0% and 83.8% sequence similarity to Marsupenaeus Japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Farfantepenaeus notialis, respectively. The A＋T content of the whole gene and that at the third position of codons are 64.7% and 78.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between F. chinensis and three other species representing genera Farfanatepenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus was analyzed. Results showed that the genetic distances among the four taxa ranged from 0.144 0 to 0.200 5, exceeding those estimated with COⅠ and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences among Marsupenaeus, Litopenaeus and Melicertus, and being therefore larger than the value among subgenera. It has been suggested that the COⅡ gene has a faster evolutionary rate than that of the COⅠ gene and partial 16S rRNA gene and could be used for phylogenetic analysis at genus or species level. The results of the present study indicated that Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus are at a higher phylogenetic level than subgenus, which supports the opinion of the elevation of phylogenetic status of the four subgenera to genus level.  相似文献   

Construction of a Muscle cDNA Library of Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Sequence Analysis of the Troponin I Gene     

LI Jitao  CHEN Ping  LI Jian  LIU Ping  HE Yuying  WANG Qingyin 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(1):81-86

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铅对不同土壤中青菜生长的影响     

汤莉莉  牛生杰  徐建强  晏培  杨雪贞  谢学俭 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(1):104-108

采用盆栽试验，研究了南京和北京土壤中Pb污染对青菜生长的影响。结果表明：土壤质地对青菜生长有明显的影响；在土壤Pb含量低的处理水平下，对青菜的生长有一定影响；低含量范围内，青菜中Pb含量随土壤Pb处理含量的增加出现先升后降的变化趋势；在100mg／kg时，青菜的生长受到抑制，植株中Pb的含量高于对照组和200mg／kgPb处理。  相似文献