Consistency of precipitation products over the Arabian Peninsula and interactions with soil moisture and water storage     

Youssef Wehbe  Marouane Temimi  Dawit T. Ghebreyesus  Adam Milewski  Hamid Norouzi  Elsy Ibrahim 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(3):408-425

The regional-scale consistency between four precipitation products from the GPCC, TRMM, WM, and CMORPH datasets over the Arabian Peninsula was assessed. Their macroscale relationships were inter-compared with soil moisture and total water storage (TWS) estimates from AMSR-E and GRACE. The consistency analysis was studied with multivariate statistical hypothesis testing and Pearson correlation metrics for the period from January 2000 to December 2010. The products and GRACE estimates were assessed over a representative sub-domain (United Arab Emirates) with available in situ well observations. Next, geographically temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was employed to examine the interdependencies among the peninsula’s hydrological components. The results showed GPCC-TRMM recording the highest correlation (0.85) with insignificant mean differences over more than 90% of the peninsula. The highest GTWR predictive performance of TWS (R² = 0.84) was achieved with TRMM forcing, which indicates its potential to monitor changes in TWS over the arid peninsular region.  相似文献   

南极半岛邻近海域夏季POC分布特征及其影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

张一成  韩正兵  杨洋  潘建明  张海峰  李栋  赵军  朱秋红  范高晶  张海生 《极地研究》2020,32(1):47-59

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)与生物的生命过程、初级生产力关系密切,是海洋食物链中重要的物质基础和能量来源,因此POC的分布特征可以有效反映其生物地球化学环境。利用中国第33次南极考察期间(2016年12月至2017年1月)在南极半岛邻近海域采集的海水颗粒物样品,研究POC的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,斯科舍海0—200 m的POC浓度范围为7.44—193.52μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.84±35.09)μg·L~(-1);南斯科舍海岭0—200 m的POC浓度范围为9.13—62.17μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(29.76±14.12)μg·L~(-1);鲍威尔海盆0—200 m的POC浓度范围为5.87—270.72μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.57±38.92)μg·L~(-1)。表层POC高值出现在斯科舍海区和鲍威尔海盆区,而低值出现在海岭区,与叶绿素a(Chla)的变化趋势一致,与营养盐的变化趋势相反。垂向分布上,各个区域POC平均浓度随深度的增加而减少,鲍威尔海盆和斯科舍海POC最高值都出现在25 m层。分析结果表明光合浮游植物是研究海域POC的主要来源, POC的主要影响因素为温度、水团混合以及海冰环境。斯科舍海与鲍威尔海盆整体非生命POC占比高,可能是由于高磷虾生物量、海冰碎屑以及陆源输入的干扰;南斯科舍海岭整体非生命POC占比低。  相似文献   

Estimating groundwater recharge for a freshwater lens in an arid region: Formative and stability assessment     

Mosaed S. Alrashidi  Ryan T. Bailey 《水文研究》2020,34(4):1063-1080

The formation of subsurface freshwater lenses on top of brackish groundwater is a fascinating hydrologic phenomenon that creates groundwater supplies of great potential value in arid regions. Information on the recharge quantity and mechanism of these lenses is both scarce and uncertain. This study examines the formation and macroscale stability of the Rawdatain freshwater lens in Kuwait, for which significant pre-development data are available. The Rawdatain is a large (150 million m³) subsurface freshwater lens overlying brackish groundwater compared to the other freshwater lenses in the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) density-dependent groundwater flow model is tested against the following data targets to estimate long-term diffuse and focused groundwater recharge: (i) groundwater head, (ii) total dissolved solids (TDS) groundwater concentration, (iii) volume and vertical thickness of stored groundwater of three different water quality TDS ranges (0–700, 700–1000 and 1000–2000 mg/L) and (iv) geometrical shape features of the lens along cross-sections. To better represent the spatial variation in TDS, six different recharge zones were assigned to allocate diffuse and focused recharge conditions. Twelve recharge rate scenarios, encompassing a wide range of feasible long-term average annual recharge values (200,000–5,000,000 m³/year), were tested against the multiple targets and compared with the groundwater age of the Rawdatain lens. Based on comparison with data targets, the long-term average annual recharge is estimated to be 500,000 m³/year. Scenarios of reduced recharge, which may occur due to changes in land-use or climate, demonstrate the extremely slow response of the lens, which is in agreement with the slow development and formation of the lens (>2,000 years). Within a 100-year time frame, a 50% reduction in annual recharge reduces the lens volumes by 21, 17 and 9% for the three water quality categories, respectively. This study demonstrates the stability of freshwater lenses in arid regions and also provides methodology for similar focused rainfall recharge freshwater lenses.  相似文献   

High-latitude dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of James Ross Island,Antarctica     

Jan Kavan  Daniel Nývlt  Kamil Láska  Zbyněk Engel  Michaela Kňažková 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1569-1578

High-latitude dust (HLD) depositions on four glaciers of James Ross Island (the Ulu Peninsula) were analysed. The deposition rate on the selected glaciers varies from 11.8 to 64.0 g m⁻², which is one order of magnitude higher compared to the glaciers in Antarctica or elsewhere in the world. A strong negative relationship between the sediment amount and altitude of a sampling site was found. This is most likely caused by the higher availability of aeolian material in the atmospheric boundary layer. General southerly and south-westerly wind directions over the Ulu Peninsula – with exceptions based on local terrain configuration – help to explain the significantly lower level of sediment deposition on San Jose Glacier and the high level on Triangular Glacier. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometry was used to estimate the relative proportions of the main and trace (lithophile) elements in the sediment samples. Both the sediment amount and the XRF results are analysed in a depth profile at each locality and compared among the glaciers, suggesting long-range transport of fine mineral material from outside James Ross Island. The distribution of aeolian sediment among the glaciers corresponds well with the prevailing wind direction on the Ulu Peninsula. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene climate of the northern Iberian Peninsula: New insights from palaeoglaciers at Fuentes Carrionas (Cantabrian Mountains)     

Ramn Pellitero  Jos M. Fernndez‐Fernndez  Nstor Campos  Enrique Serrano  Alfonso Pisabarro 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):342-354

New ¹⁰Be dates for glacial landforms in the Fuentes Carrionas area (Cantabrian Mountains, nothern Spain) are presented. Mapped and dated landforms in Fuentes Carrionas made possible a palaeoglacier reconstruction for four glacial stages. Results were compared to other nearby palaeoenvironmental proxies, so a final approximation on the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation that caused the four glacial advance stages is proposed. Glaciers reached their maximum extension at 36 ka, in a cold and dry environment. A second advance stage took place between 18.5 and 19.5 ka, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when glaciers advanced in a wet environment, with positive rainfall anomalies. A third glacial advance was dated during the Oldest Dryas, in which climate shifted to extremely cold and dry conditions. Finally, a last stage has been identified and proposed to the Younger Dryas, in which precipitation anomalies are negligible. Our results confirm some of the previously made palaeoglacial and palaeoenvironmental inferences for the Iberian Peninsula, as well as provide valuable and accurate anomalies, which are useful for climate modelling.  相似文献   

胶东半岛洪水岚汤温泉水化学特征与成因分析     

袁星芳 《地质与勘探》2020,56(2):427-437

胶东半岛蕴藏着丰富的低温地热资源,以温泉为主要出露方式。洪水岚汤温泉位于胶东半岛东部威海市境内,出露在阳泉河北岸的一级阶地,出露标高为66. 83 m,水温约69℃,下伏基岩为侏罗纪二长花岗岩。为查明其水化学特征及成因,本文采用同位素水文地球化学方法进行研究。水化学成分表明:温泉水中主要阳离子为Na~+,主要阴离子为HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-),水化学类型为HCO_3·SO_4~-Na,pH值为7. 6,总溶解性固体为610. 6 mg/L,F~-含量为4. 2 mg/L,偏硅酸含量为98. 8 mg/L。氢、氧同位素分析结果显示:温泉热水补给来源为大气降水,估算温泉热水补给高程为427～599 m,地下热储温度约为106. 25℃,地下热水循环深度约为2091 m。综合分析洪水岚汤温泉成因模式为:在正棋山山区获得大气降水入渗补给后,沿F1断裂破碎带下渗经历深循环获得大地热流加热后上升,上升过程中混入浅层地下水,在第四系静水压力最小的部位出露成泉。  相似文献   

朝鲜半岛平南盆地地质演化综述     

彭澎  胡波  张志越  张艳斌  郭敬辉  翟明国 《岩石学报》2021,37(1):129-142

平南盆地位于朝鲜半岛中部,处于华北克拉通(中朝克拉通)东缘;其演化历史长达10亿年,其地质记录为揭示东亚现今构造格局的形成提供重要制约。盆地发育中元古界-中生界,从下至上包括黄海群(1.3~1.1Ga)、祥原超群(1.0~0.9Ga,自下而上包括直岘群、祠堂隅群、默川群和灭岳山群等)、燕滩群(狗岘系,0.72~0.54Ga)、黄州系/超群(0.52~0.46Ga,包括下部黄州群和上部法洞群)和平安超群(0.33~0.24Ga)等5个构造层序;各单元之间均为平行不整合;沉积跨度超过10亿年,沉积物厚度累计达到15000m。另外,平南盆地南部发育临津群(0.42~0.35Ga),该地层与中元古界上部-奥陶系很可能呈构造接触关系。平南盆地沉积中心自中元古代晚期从南部逐渐向北部转移,新元古代及早古生代均位于中部,二叠纪盆地沉积中心位于北部。平南盆地沉积碎屑锆石年龄则显示物源发生多期变化:中元古代以盆地北侧基底~1.8Ga峰期岩浆-变质作用岩石为主;中元古代晚期以同沉积就位的岩浆岩为主;新元古代以1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga峰期的岩浆岩为主;寒武纪以~2.5Ga和~1.8Ga峰值的变质基底岩石为主。以上变化反映了古地理格局的显著变化。推测新元古代早期及之前,华北克拉通曾与某个发育1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga岩浆作用的克拉通或者岩浆弧相邻(近邻或远邻);地层记录了迄今所知新元古代最早的碳同位素负漂移(默川负漂移,~0.92Ga),地层可能还记录了最晚的负漂移(燕滩负漂移,可能对应全球Gaskiers负漂移,~0.55Ga),它们可能是对新元古代全球长期多次岩浆-裂解-冰期事件的响应。  相似文献   

胶东地区控矿剪切带脆性变形时代的Ar-Ar年代学及其对成矿的制约     

程南南  石梦岩  侯泉林  潘结南  何苗  闫方超 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3656-3672

胶东地区是典型的剪切带型金矿集中区,精确厘定该地区控矿剪切带的活动时代,可为探讨剪切带与金矿成因关系提供关键的时限约束,并且对矿床成矿模式的建立具有至关重要的意义。大量矿床地质证据显示胶东地区控矿剪切带中脆性变形活动对金矿体的形成具有直接影响,但其脆性变形时代尚不十分清楚。据此,本文在详细研究金矿体赋存特征的基础上,系统选取胶东焦家、玲珑、邓格庄、乳山这四个金矿区控矿剪切带断层泥中白云母进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究。定年结果显示,胶东地区焦家剪切带、招平剪切带以及牟乳剪切带的脆性变形时代分别为110.3±1.5Ma、122.8±1.7Ma、119.6±1.2Ma~115.8±1.4Ma。其中焦家剪切带的脆性变形时代明显晚于招平和牟乳剪切带,可能代表了焦家蚀变岩型矿化形成后易遭受后期的构造叠加。综合胶东各金矿区控矿剪切带变形时代、岩体侵位时代、成矿时代及剪切带活动特征和矿体产出特征,本文认为在多期岩体侵位以及控矿剪切带递进变形过程中,剪切带韧性变形区中由高压流体作用产生的同期脆性破裂可形成脉型矿化,如乳山金矿;而在脆-韧性和脆性变形区中发生的大规模脆性变形可导致脉型和蚀变岩型矿化的形成,如玲珑、邓格庄和焦家金矿。但随着剪切带的递进变形和隆升剥蚀,后期多期次的脆性构造变形叠加,可导致多种矿化类型出现在同一构造部位,如焦家金矿中石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿化。  相似文献   

广东雷州半岛土壤氮、磷、钾元素地球化学特征及其土壤肥力评价          下载免费PDF全文

汪实  朱鑫  黎旭荣  罗思亮 《中国地质》2021,48(4):1177-1187

广东雷州半岛位于中国大陆最南端,是中国菠萝、香蕉、甘蔗等农产品重要产地。土壤氮、磷、钾等养分是作物生长需要最多的营养元素,对农业发展至关重要。文章通过对雷州半岛土壤取样,首次对该地区土壤氮磷钾的背景特征进行了分析,研究了不同成土母质、不同土地利用类型氮磷钾的含量水平,探讨了氮磷钾人为影响因素和时空演化规律,并进行了土壤肥力评价。研究发现,雷州半岛土壤中氮、磷、钾分布受地质背景制约,并受人为活动干扰强烈,氮、磷受人类活动影响显著,钾受人为扰动程度较轻。与20世纪90年代相比,表层土壤磷元素含量增幅较大,钾元素含量与前期相当。土壤肥力评价结果表明,雷州半岛土壤富磷,缺钾,局部缺氮。  相似文献   

胶东辽上金矿床C、O、S、Pb同位素组成及矿床成因     

薄军委  丁正江  宋明春  邱昆峰  孙丰月  纪攀  许虹  张然 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(2):321-336

辽上金矿床是胶莱盆地东北缘地区近年来新发现的一处特大型金矿床,以黄铁矿、白云石为载金矿物而区别于"焦家式"、"玲珑式"金矿床。为探讨新类型金矿床成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,对该矿床载金白云石C、O和黄铁矿S、Pb进行了同位素分析。结果显示,载金矿物白云石中δ~(13)C_V-_(PDB)值为-4.60‰_(～-)3.60‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值集中在9.6‰～10.6‰;黄铁矿δ~(34)S值为+7.2‰～+9.4‰,均值为+8.2‰;黄铁矿~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb与~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb值分别为17.027～17.576、15.435～15.503、37.706～38.205。结合胶莱盆地构造-岩浆演化背景,认为辽上金矿床C-H-O含矿流体主要源于地幔,上升过程中有大气降水参与及壳源成矿物质混入,具有壳幔混合特征,成因类型为含金黄铁矿碳酸盐脉充填型低温热液金矿床。  相似文献