济南市新旧动能转换区浅层地下水硝酸盐污染特征     

成世才 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(2)

为查清济南市新旧动能转换先行区浅层地下水NO₃^-污染问题,对研究区7种污染源类型64件浅层地下水样品水质结果进行统计分析后认为:受人类活动影响,地下水中NO₃^-含量的高低往往与几种特定的水化学类型存在对应关系。4类主要污染源类型浅层地下水NO₃^-含量一般顺序为:垃圾渗滤液>禽畜养殖>生活污水>农业种植。垃圾渗滤液下渗导致的NO₃^-污染对应的主要地下水化学类型为HCO₃·Cl^-Na·Mg型,粪便渗滤液及尿液下渗主要对应产生HCO₃·SO₄-Na·Mg型、生活污水入渗对应产生HCO₃·Cl^-Na·Ca型,农业种植区主要对应HCO₃-Na·Ca型。离子相关性分析表明,NO₃^-含量与Ca²⁺、Cl^-存在相关关系。研究区以农业种植为主,大量氮素化肥和石灰等土壤改良剂的使用是导致浅层地下水NO₃^-与Ca²⁺相关的主要因素。NO₃^-与Cl^-在地下水中同属较稳定离子,由长期的人类活动排放、入渗积累或蒸发浓缩富集,是一个地区人类活动密集程度和历史长度的综合反映,提出了NO₃^-与Cl^-质量浓度联合评价地下水污染的基本方法。  相似文献   

水稻覆膜节水种植对NO排放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜雁冰  姚志生  邹建文  张丽  郑循华 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(2):235-244

为保障粮食安全和节约水资源,水稻覆膜节水技术正越来越多地被农业生产部门运用到水稻生产中。但是,与传统种植模式(采用淹水与烤田相结合的间歇灌溉)相比,水稻覆膜节水种植模式通过改变土壤条件,引起稻田生物地球化学过程变化,进而使得大气环境污染性气体一氧化氮(NO)的排放发生变化。为了定量研究两种种植模式的NO排放差异及其关键控制因子,采用静态暗箱—化学发光法,对不同种植模式下两种施肥条件(常规施肥与无氮肥对照)的水稻—休耕系统NO排放通量及其环境因子进行了原位周年观测。结果表明,水稻生长季NO排放主要发生在中期烤田阶段,覆膜节水种植模式的NO通量多高于常规淹水种植模式,水稻生长季NO排放系数分别为0.12%和0.016%,主要原因是覆膜节水种植模式提高了土壤温度和氧化还原电位。在休耕季,两种种植模式的NO排放都与土壤湿度呈显著负相关。覆膜节水种植模式全年NO排放有大于传统种植模式的趋势,其排放系数分别为0.15%和0.032%,但需时间更长地点更多的试验研究加以证实。  相似文献   

Anthropogenic Sulfate and Nitrate Signals in Snow from Bogda Glacier, Eastern Tianshan     

张晓宇  Ross Edwards 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(4)

A 1.2 m snow pit was recovered on July 29th, 2009 from the Bogda Glacier, eastern Tianshan (天山). The sample site temperature of -9.6 ℃ indicates that the unique glaciochemical re-cord was well preserved and suitable for the reconstruction of air pollution levels in this previously un-explored region. Samples were analyzed for major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCOO-, and CH3COO-). NO3- and SO42- were characterized by significant high levels of pollution con-centration. Most air masses ...  相似文献   

活性半焦低温催化氧化NO的研究     

高健  李春虎  卞俊杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(3):61-68

制备了活性半焦催化剂用于在低温下将NO氧化为NO2。通过水热活化、高温活化、酸活化、碱活化以及组合活化等多种活化方法对原半焦进行活化改性,以提高半焦的催化氧化性能。利用酸碱滴定、Boehm滴定、SEM、BET、FT-IR等方法对活性半焦的物化性质进行了表征。采用固定床反应器测定活性半焦催化氧化NO的能力,其反应条件为:温度70℃、空速600 h-1、O2和NO浓度分别为5%和443 mg/m3。将活性半焦催化氧化NO的催化性能与其物化性质进行了关联,结果表明:半焦上的羰基官能团和碱性官能团共同作用于NO的吸附氧化过程,NO在羰基上被吸附并氧化,碱性官能团则协助氧化产物NO2迁移出羰基活性位并将NO2储存在碱性官能团上,使羰基活性恢复。根据以上理论所制备的经过碱活化和高温活化的催化剂硝容最大,可达1.01%。  相似文献   

Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Cycle and Stable Nitrogen Isotope Processes: Progresses and Perspectives   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tao Zhou  Zhuang Jiang  Lei Geng 《地球科学进展》2019,34(9):922-935

Oxidized reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere mainly consists of nitrogen oxides (NO _X =NO+NO₂, NO₃) and nitric acid. The atmospheric cycling of NO _X influences the formation of ozone and hydroxyl radicals that are important for atmospheric oxidation capacity. Nitric acid, the final product of NO _X oxidation, not only is an important component of particulate pollutants, but also has a direct impact on the ecosystem through dry and wet deposition. The stable nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N) shows the potential to study reactive nitrogen cycle, and to trace the emission, transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen from local to global scales. Here, we reviewed previous studies using δ¹⁵N to investigate NO _X emission and atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle, and discuss the uncertainties of δ¹⁵N signatures of different NO _X sources from two aspects: NO _X generation mechanism and NO _X collection methods. We also discussed the nitrogen isotope fractionation and the consequences during the conversions of NO _y molecules. We ended up with discussions on the possibility of using δ¹⁵N to trace NO _X emissions. Although there are still large uncertainties in quantifying and tracing NO _X emissions using nitrogen stable isotopes, such isotope tool is efficient enough to trace reactive nitrogen cycles in the atmosphere. On the basis of this, we proposed that we can combine atmospheric chemistry transmission models with isotope tracers to improve our understanding of regional and global atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle regarding the fluxes of different emission sources, their atmospheric transformation, etc.  相似文献   

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006     

SUN Yang  WANG Yuesi  ZHANG Changchun 《大气科学进展》2010,27(1):123-136

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti  相似文献   

高浓度NO对小新月菱形藻生长影响的初步研究     

张正斌  皇华伟  刘春颖  刘莲生 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(4):647-652

以小新月菱形藻为实验对象,从化学角度研究了加入高浓度一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)对其生长的影响。结果表明:(1)一次性加入不同浓度NO时,1.4μmol/L NO对微藻生长有促进作用;7,14,28和42μmol/L的NO对微藻生长起抑制作用,并且NO浓度越大,抑制作用越明显。(2)每天一次加入不同浓度NO时,1.4~42μmol/L的NO对微藻生长起不同程度的抑制作用,且微藻生长周期缩短。藻的生长曲线由S型变成峰型;加入42μmol/L NO,在100 h内完全抑制了微藻的生长。(3)通过进一步检测外加NO在藻液中的浓度变化,结果表明采用2种不同加入方式时,1.4μmol/L NO对藻生长分别起促进和抑制作用,这是由于NO的不断衰变造成的。  相似文献   

细基江蓠繁枝变型对水体硝态氮变化的生理响应     

黄鹤忠  孙菊燕  贺丽虹  申华 《海洋科学》2006,30(11):32-36

通过静态模拟实验,比较研究了6个硝态氮(NO3--N)摩尔浓度水平(0,10,20,40,60,80μmol/L)下培养的细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)的丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸含量以及硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物酶歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明,随着水体NO3--N摩尔浓度的逐渐增加,细基江蓠繁枝变型NR、SOD和POD的活性均呈现先增加后下降的显著变化(P<0.05),膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量随水体NO3--N摩尔浓度的变化则呈相反的趋势(P<0.05);游离脯氨酸含量则与水体NO3--N摩尔浓度呈正相关(r=0.9161)。综合分析结果认为,单独以硝态氮为氮源时,20μmol/L的供氮水平能使细基江蓠繁枝变型处于相对最佳的生理状态。  相似文献   

海水中一氧化氮的极谱法测定     

任春艳  张正斌  邢磊  刘春颖  刘莲生 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(5):801-808

本文首次采用 Nafion和 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰铂电极测定海水中的 NO,对实验条件进行了选择 ,确定了最佳实验条件 ,即反应池通氮除氧 30 min,富集时间为 4min。同时用线性扫描法对海水中的 NO进行测定 ,测得海水中 NO的浓度与氧化峰电流之间有一定线性关系。对 Nafion修饰电极而言 ,线性范围 1～ 76.9μmol/L,R2 =0 .991 6,检出限为 1 μmol/L。同时对 2种方法修饰的铂电极进行了比较 ,即当 NO浓度在 1 0 -6mol/L数量级时 2种电极基本上无差别 ,而在 1 0 -7mol/L数量级时 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰电极要明显优于 Nafion修饰电极  相似文献   

武山1号泉流量、O_2+Ar、N_2、He的异常变化分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨兴悦  王益  王燕  廖祯祥  李树全  朱振家 《地震工程学报》2008,30(1):75-78

对武山台1号泉气体资料显示,在1997-1999、2003年流量有几次明显的突变,同时气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量与流量呈完全同步变化.本文分析了造成流量突变的原因,认为流量大幅度变化不是自然动态的.同时用试验方法验证了影响气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量变化的主要因素是流量、冲流时间和空气混入了泉水,并分析了它们之间的相互关系及变化特点.  相似文献