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排序方式: 共有178条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Numerical prediction of performance of submerged breakwaters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The results of a numerical model study on the transmission characteristics of a submerged breakwater are presented. Study aimed to determine the effect of depth of submergence, crest width, initial wave conditions and material properties on the transmission characteristics of the submerged breakwater. The results highlight the optimum crest width of the breakwater and optimum clear spacing between two breakwaters. A submerged permeable breakwater with ds/d=0.5, p=0.3 and f=1.0, reduces the transmission coefficient by about 10% than the impermeable breakwater. The results indicates an optimum width ratio of B/d=0.75 for achieving minimum transmission. By restricting the effective width ratio of the series of breakwaters to 0.75, studies were conducted to determine the effect of clear spacing between breakwaters on transmission coefficient, suggesting an optimum clear spacing of w/b=2.00 to obtain Kt below 0.6. 相似文献
2.
依据波浪理论,分析了波浪经过网衣后的流体特性和边界条件,研究了网衣的波浪水动力、波浪透射系数与网衣尺度、特征参数、波浪参数等的关系。设计预加张力放射系泊法进行网衣构件水槽波浪试验。试验构件由10种PE网衣和HDPE框架装配而成,试验工况是规则波,周期为0·8—2·0s,波高为50—250mm。结果表明,作用在网衣上的水平波浪力变化规律与波浪基本一致,呈现周期性和不对称性变化;波浪力变化曲线呈现司托克斯二阶波形状,波峰较陡,波谷较平坦,和波面图相似;网衣水平波浪力周期峰值大约与波高的2·6次方、波长的0·8次方成比例,与网衣宽度l线性相关;随着特征参数d/a增大,网衣波浪力呈线性增加变化,透射系数减少,网衣消浪能力主要集中在网衣水表层。同时设计多层网衣组合的柔性浮式防波堤波浪试验,其消浪能力除了与网衣尺寸、特征参数等相关以外,还与网衣间隔距离有一定的关系。水槽试验时波浪最小透射系数下降到71%左右,从经济、实用角度表明,可用网衣来制作能防护渔业设施的柔性浮式防波堤。 相似文献
3.
基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。 相似文献
4.
A laboratory experiment to monitor the contact state of a fault by transmission waves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We performed a series of laboratory experiments in which elastic waves were transmitted across a simulated fault. Two types of experiments were carried out: (1) Normal Stress Holding Test (NSHT): normal stress was kept constant for about 3 h without shear stress and transmission waves were observed. (2) Shear Stress Increasing Test (SSIT): shear stress was gradually increased until a stick-slip event occurred. Transmission waves were continuously observed throughout the process of stress accumulation. We focused on the change in transmission waves during the application of shear stress and especially during precursory slips.It was found in NSHT that the amplitude of transmission waves linearly increased with the logarithm of stationary contact time. The increase amounted to a few percent after about 3 h. Creep at asperity contacts is responsible for this phenomenon. From a theoretical consideration, it was concluded that the real contact area increased with the logarithm of stationary contact time.We observed in SSIT a significant increase in wave amplitude with shear stress application. This phenomenon cannot be attributed to the time effect observed in NSHT. Instead, it can be explained by the mechanism of “junction growth” proposed by Tabor. Junction growth yields an increase in real contact area. It is required for junction growth to occur that the material in contact is already plastic under a purely normal loading condition. A computer simulation confirmed that this requirement was satisfied in our experiments. We also found that the rate at which the amplitude increased was slightly reduced prior to a stick-slip event. The onset time of the reduction well coincides with the onset of precursory slip. The cause of the reduction is attributed to the reset of stationary contact time due to displacement. This interpretation is supported by the result of NSHT. Taking the time of stationary contact in SSIT into account, we may expect the change in wave amplitude to be, at most, only a few percent. The observed slight reduction in increasing rate is, in this sense, reasonable. The static stiffness of the fault also decreases with precursory slip. It was also found that low frequency waves are a better indicator of precursory slip than high frequency waves. This might suggest that low frequency waves with longer wavelength are a better indicator of average behavior of faults. The problem, however, merits a further investigation. The shifts in phase were also found to be a good indicator of the change in contact state of the fault. The changes in both amplitude and phase of transmission waves are unifyingly understood through the theory of transmission coefficient presented by Pyrak-Nolte et al. Rough surfaces have a tendency to give larger stick-slips than smooth surfaces. The amount of precursory slip is larger for rough surfaces than for smooth surfaces. Although it was confirmed by a computer simulation that rough surfaces have larger contact diameters than smooth surfaces, the rigorous relationship between the surface roughness (contact diameter) and the amount of precursory slips was not established. 相似文献
5.
用远场辐射场反演云闪放电参数 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用地面电磁场遥感闪电放电参数无论是在实际应用还是理论研究中都具有重要意义。文中基于电流传输线模式 ,提出了一种用单站远场VLF/LF辐射场反演云内放电参数的简便方法。当传输线电流从底部传播到顶部的时间只有几微秒时 ,整个传输线的VLF/LF辐射可以近似成偶极子辐射 ,即远场辐射场与电流的时间变化率和传输线长度的乘积成正比。因此 ,对远场辐射场做时间积分就能获得完整的电流矩波形 (上升沿有所加宽 ) ,而且传输线模式中的重要参数 ,电流从底部传播到顶端经历的时间 ,也可以近似地用辐射场时间积分幅度与辐射场幅度之比来估计。这一方法具有估计云闪双极性大脉冲辐射过程的放电参数的潜力。 相似文献
6.
通过对深层水泥土搅拌桩的加固机理及复合地基承载力性状的简要分析,根据国家现行规范,结合具体地基处理工程实例,对深层水泥搅拌桩在软土地区地基加固处理中的方案选择、设计、施工及检测中的常见技术要点作初步探讨。 相似文献
7.
Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and paleosols: Mechanism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tianhu Chen Huifang Xu Qiaoqin Xie Jun Chen Junfeng Ji Huayu Lu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):790-802
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite. 相似文献
8.
9.
X射线荧光光谱法分析不同类型岩石中10种主量元素的测试能力验证 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
以28个不同类型岩石标样作外标,用玻璃熔片法制样,采用经验系数法进行基体校正,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定不同类型岩石中硅铝钙镁等10种主量元素的分析方法。该方法被用于参与GeoPT分析测试能力验证,15年来分析了23个不同类型的岩石验证样品。经验证该方法对SiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O和CaO具有非常好的分析效果(所有测定结果的|Z|2);对于MgO、MnO、TiO_2和Na_2O四个元素,尽管各有一个样品的分析结果的|Z|2,这主要是样品与标样的基体差异较大造成了低含量样品测定结果超差,但依然可获得好的分析效果;当TFe_2O_31.0%,P_2O_5含量在0.08%~0.80%区间时,分析结果的|Z|2,满足分析期望。总体上所建立的XRF分析方法稳定,可满足应用地球化学实验室测试不同类型岩石中10种主量元素的分析期望。 相似文献
10.
The hydrodynamic performance of a vertical wall with permeable lower part (horizontal slots) was experimentally and theoretically studied under normal regular waves. The effect of different wave and structural parameters was investigated e.g. the wave length, the upper part draft, and the lower part porosity. Also, the theoretical model based on an Eigen Function Expansion Method and a Least Square Technique was developed. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the theoretical results were compared with the present experimental results and with the results obtained from different previous studies. Comparison between experiments and predictions showed that the theoretical model provides a good estimate of the wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation coefficients when the friction factor f = 5.5. In general, the tested model gives transmission coefficients less than 0.5 and reflection coefficients larger than 0.5 when the relative wave length h/L is larger than 0.3, the relative upper part draft D/h larger than 0.36, and lower part porosity ε less than 0.5. Also, the tested model dissipates about 50% of the incident wave energy when the relative wave length h/L is in the range of 0.25 to 0.35. 相似文献