2018年9月8日墨江地震及周边地区构造应力场特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李泽潇  万永革  崔华伟  李振月  胡晓辉  黄骥超  靳志同 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1431-1443

2018年9月8日,云南省墨江县发生MS5.9地震并伴随一系列余震,探究该地震周围的应力场对于理解该地震的发生机制和后续地震的发展趋势具有着重要的参考意义.本研究收集了震源及其邻区中前人研究和Global CMT所给出的震源机制资料,对该地区进行了构造应力场反演,并同时利用反演得到的应力张量模拟墨江地区的震源机制解表现.结果表明:(1)在应力轴整体分布上,自西向东σ1轴(压轴)从NNE-SSW向逐渐转向NNW-SSE向,σ3轴(张轴)从WWN-EES向逐渐转向WWS-EEN向,张轴呈弧形分布,压轴呈放射状分布.(2)在应力轴倾伏角上,研究区域内的压应力轴和张应力轴倾伏角都比较小,即两轴均接近水平.(3)R值分布大体是在东南部相较于西北部大,结合当地地质背景分析得到,物质逃逸自西北向东南呈逐渐变缓的趋势.(4)利用反演得到的应力张量和应力状态计算墨江地震震源区的相对剪应力和相对正应力大小.由此推测,墨江地震恰好发生在相对剪切应力值和相对正应力正值最大的节面上.从而可以确定墨江地震的发震节面的基本参数:走向216.32°,倾角86.91°,滑动角0.27°,相对剪应力值0.9,相对正应力值0.3.本研究为此次墨江地震的发震背景和地震动力学研究提供了基础性资料.  相似文献   

Estimation of the 3D correlation structure of an alluvial aquifer from surface-based multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar reflection data     

Zhiwei Xu  James Irving  Kyle Lindsay  John Bradford  Peimin Zhu  Klaus Holliger 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(2):678-689

Knowledge about the stochastic nature of heterogeneity in subsurface hydraulic properties is critical for aquifer characterization and the corresponding prediction of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Whereas the vertical correlation structure of the heterogeneity is often well constrained by borehole information, the lateral correlation structure is generally unknown because the spacing between boreholes is too large to allow for its meaningful inference. There is, however, evidence to suggest that information on the lateral correlation structure may be extracted from the correlation statistics of the subsurface reflectivity structure imaged by surface-based ground-penetrating radar measurements. To date, case studies involving this approach have been limited to 2D profiles acquired at a single antenna centre frequency in areas with limited complementary information. As a result, the practical reliability of this methodology has been difficult to assess. Here, we extend previous work to 3D and consider reflection ground-penetrating radar data acquired using two antenna centre frequencies at the extensively explored and well-constrained Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. We find that the results obtained using the two ground-penetrating radar frequencies are consistent with each other, as well as with information from a number of other studies at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. In addition, contrary to previous 2D work, our results indicate that the surface-based reflection ground-penetrating radar data are not only sensitive to the aspect ratio of the underlying heterogeneity, but also, albeit to a lesser extent, to the so-called Hurst number, which is a key parameter characterizing the local variability of the fine-scale structure.  相似文献   

Combining discrete cosine transform and convolutional neural networks to speed up the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inversion of pre-stack seismic data     

Mattia Aleardi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(9):2738-2761

Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are commonly employed for accurate uncertainty appraisals in non-linear inverse problems. The downside of these algorithms is the considerable number of samples needed to achieve reliable posterior estimations, especially in high-dimensional model spaces. To overcome this issue, the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm has recently been introduced to solve geophysical inversions. Different from classical Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, this approach exploits the derivative information of the target posterior probability density to guide the sampling of the model space. However, its main downside is the computational cost for the derivative computation (i.e. the computation of the Jacobian matrix around each sampled model). Possible strategies to mitigate this issue are the reduction of the dimensionality of the model space and/or the use of efficient methods to compute the gradient of the target density. Here we focus the attention to the estimation of elastic properties (P-, S-wave velocities and density) from pre-stack data through a non-linear amplitude versus angle inversion in which the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm is used to sample the posterior probability. To decrease the computational cost of the inversion procedure, we employ the discrete cosine transform to reparametrize the model space, and we train a convolutional neural network to predict the Jacobian matrix around each sampled model. The training data set for the network is also parametrized in the discrete cosine transform space, thus allowing for a reduction of the number of parameters to be optimized during the learning phase. Once trained the network can be used to compute the Jacobian matrix associated with each sampled model in real time. The outcomes of the proposed approach are compared and validated with the predictions of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inversions in which a quite computationally expensive, but accurate finite-difference scheme is used to compute the Jacobian matrix and with those obtained by replacing the Jacobian with a matrix operator derived from a linear approximation of the Zoeppritz equations. Synthetic and field inversion experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach dramatically reduces the cost of the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inversion while preserving an accurate and efficient sampling of the posterior probability.  相似文献   

高分六号宽幅相机在轨几何定标及精度验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王密  郭贝贝  龙小祥  薛麟  程宇峰  金淑英  周晓 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):171-180

高分六号宽幅相机能够实现单相机成像幅宽优于800 km,对大尺度地表观测和环境监测具有独特优势。在轨几何定标是光学遥感卫星几何处理的关键环节,直接影响影像的几何质量。本文充分考虑高分六号宽幅相机超大视场的畸变特性以及多谱段的成像特点,提出宽幅相机在轨几何定标方法,采用基于探元指向角的几何定标模型补偿宽幅相机系统误差,通过绝对定标和相对定标方法联合估计各波段的内外定标参数。利用Landsat 8影像、资源三号DSM为参考数据,对宽幅相机进行绝对定标处理,再利用ASTER GDEM为参考数据进行相对定标处理,其几何定标结果表明,高分六号宽幅影像绝对定位精度在3像素左右,内部几何精度能稳定在1像素,且波段间配准精度在0.3像素以内,表明在轨几何定标后高分六号宽幅影像几何质量得到了明显的提升。  相似文献   

重力数据约束的二维地震层析成像在台湾海峡南部的应用     

王笋  闫培  刘善虎 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(3):302-306

地震-重力联合反演可以降低多解性，针对大勘探范围内岩石波速-密度关系存在较大散布的问题，引入交叉梯度结构约束构建统一的目标函数是一种有效的解决方案。利用台湾海峡南部HX-13测线进行验证：由于火成岩侵入体的存在，部分区域难以拾取可靠的地震初至，常规的走时反演无法准确恢复基底面的形态。搜集研究区的船测重力资料，根据地震地质条件和数据特点设置合适的反演参数，实现基于物性和结构双重约束的重力-地震联合反演。由对反演结果的分析和解释可以看出，该方法可在很大程度上弥补地震数据不完备的缺陷，使反演过程稳定，并提高模型的可靠性。  相似文献   

基于IceBridge数据的南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度研究     

张建  杨元德  杨全明  汪楚涯 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):295-306

海冰变化与全球气候、 生态系统和人类活动密切相关， 海冰厚度是海冰变化研究的重要参数之一。全面立体高精度观测海冰厚度的最有效手段是航空遥感， 而冰桥计划（IceBridge）是当前南北极最大的航空遥感工程。基于2009 - 2014年冰桥计划的激光雷达高程数据和数字测图系统相机光学影像对南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度进行研究， 并结合降雪量等气象数据探讨该区域海冰厚度变化的原因。研究发现该海域的海冰厚度在2009 - 2014年间整体呈微弱增长趋势（0.07 m·a^-1）， 但是在95%置信水平下不具有显著性。2009 - 2011年呈现先增加后减少的大幅度变化， 其中2010年达到极大值2.42 m， 之后开始缓慢增加。海冰厚度的年际变化与降雪和近地表温度等气象要素相关， 二者相比较而言降雪为主要影响因素。  相似文献   

Full moment tensor inversion constrained by double-couple focal mechanism for induced seismicity*          下载免费PDF全文

Yuyang Tan  Haijiang Zhang  Junlun Li  Chen Yin  Furong Wu 《地震科学（英文版）》2020,33(4):177-193

In this study, we propose a new method to determine full moment tensor solution for induced seismicity. This method generalizes the full waveform matching algorithm we have developed to determine the double-couple (DC) focal mechanism based on the neighbourhood algorithm. One major difference between the new method and the former one is that we adopt a new misfit function to constrain the candidate moment tensor solutions with respect to a reference DC solution in addition to other misfit terms characterizing the waveform matching. Through synthetic tests using a real passive seismic survey geometry, the results show the new constraint can help better recover the DC components of inverted moment tensors. We further investigate how errors in the velocity model and source location affect the moment tensor solution. The synthetic test results indicate that the constrained inversion is robust in recovering both the DC and non-DC components. We also test the proposed method on several real induced events in an oil/gas field in Oman using the same observation system as synthetic tests. While it is found that the full moment tensor solutions without using the DC constraints have much larger non-DC components than solutions with the DC constraints, both solutions are able to fit the observed waveforms at similar levels. The synthetic and real test results suggest the proposed DC constrained inversion method can reliably retrieve full moment tensor solutions for the induced seismicity.  相似文献   

深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演——以天津波为例          下载免费PDF全文

梁建文  张萍  何颖 《世界地震工程》2020,(3):001-11

根据天津波地表加速度记录和相应实测场地钻孔资料，采用等效线性化方法模拟土体非线性，进行了深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演，研究了频率截断对深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演的影响，为天津波地表加速度记录提供了相应的基岩地震动输入。研究表明:不同截断频率情况下，反演得到的基岩地震动峰值和反应谱曲线形状均相差悬殊，但反演后再正演所得到的地面运动与原地表记录相比，加速度时程曲线形状和峰值大小、反应谱曲线形状和峰值大小均非常接近；可根据工程需要对地表加速度记录进行不同频率的截断，反演得到所需强度的基岩地震动。  相似文献   

全球地磁感应测深数据三维反演   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李世文  翁爱华  张艳辉  李建平  杨悦  唐裕  邹宗霖  李春成 《地球物理学报》2019,62(5):1908-1920

全球地磁感应测深能获得地幔转换带及下地幔上部的导电结构.但目前稀疏的地磁台站分布及部分台站的观测数据稳定性较差,影响了三维反演对地下电性结构的分辨力和反演可靠性.为此,区别于传统的L2-范数反演方法,本文提出并实现了基于L1-范数的地磁测深响应三维反演技术.在反演中,利用L1-范数度量数据预测误差,降低"飞点"数据的影响,将相关系数较小的C-响应估计也纳入反演数据中.三维正演模拟采用球坐标系下的交错网格有限差分法,反演采用有限内存拟牛顿法.文中利用指数概率密度分布函数构造非高斯噪声的合成数据,并采用棋盘模型对反演方法的可靠性进行了验证.之后,我们将本文提出的三维反演方法用于全球129个地磁观测台站的C-响应数据反演,结果表明在地幔转换带深部,中国东北地区为高导电异常,南欧和北非则均为高阻;夏威夷在900km以下为高导;菲律宾海及以东地区在转换带表现为明显的高阻,这些结果与前人研究结果一致.由于采用了更多的台站数据,我们的反演结果还发现一些新的异常:南美洲南端,转换带表现为明显的高导;澳大利亚东南部,地幔转换带深部,也存在一个明显的高导异常,这些异常分布和地震层析成像的低速区一致.因此,L1-范数三维反演能够充分利用全球C-响应数据信息,提高地磁测深对地球深部电性结构的分辨能力,更好的研究全球地幔电性结构.  相似文献   

频率域海洋可控源电磁垂直各向异性三维反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭荣华  胡祥云  李建慧  刘亚军 《地球物理学报》2019,62(6):2165-2175

地层宏观电性各向异性会对可控源电磁响应产生重要影响.由于海底地层电性结构常表现为电导率各向异性，若仅对海洋可控源电磁（MCSEM）数据进行常规各向同性反演，有可能无法获得准确的反演解释结果，从而削弱MCSEM技术的可靠性.本文实现了电导率垂直各向异性（VTI）条件下频率域海洋可控源电磁数据三维反演算法.其中，三维正演采用基于二次场控制方程的交错网格有限体积法，并利用直接矩阵分解技术来求解离散所得的大型线性方程组，有利于快速计算多场源的响应.反演采用具有近似二次收敛性的高斯牛顿算法对目标函数进行最优化.最后，对具有VTI电性各向异性特征的盐丘构造模型的MCSEM合成数据分别进行了电导率各向同性和垂直各向异性三维反演，结果表明：各向同性三维反演算法无法对受VTI介质影响的MCSEM数据进行正确的反演解释，而垂直各向异性三维反演能够获得更为可靠的地下电阻率结构和异常体分布，展现出对海底电性各向异性结构更为优良的反演解释能力.  相似文献