Three-dimensional active earth pressure from cohesive backfills with tensile strength cutoff     

Zheng-Wei Li  Tian-Zheng Li  Xiao-Li Yang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(7):942-961

Most of previous analyses on the active earth pressure were performed in two-dimensional cases using the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure function to describe the soil strength. However, all failures of retained slopes indicate a somewhat three-dimensional (3D) feature, and the M-C function is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soil. In this work, a kinematic limit analysis–based approach is developed for computing the 3D active earth pressure resulting from cohesive backfills. The concept of tensile strength cutoff is adopted to implement the reduction or elimination of tensile strength from the strength envelope. An extended 3D horn failure mechanism that is associated with the modified strength envelope is developed to characterize the collapse of retained slopes. The resultant of active earth pressure is evaluated from the work rate balance equation and expressed as an unfactored coefficient. The obtained results indicate that less support provided by the wall is required when allowing the existence of soil cohesion and 3D effects and that eliminating the tensile strength can observably increase the active earth pressure, especially for the backfill with a great level of cohesion.  相似文献   

Active channel width as a proxy of sediment supply from mining sites in New Caledonia     

Mélanie Bertrand  Frédéric Liébault 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):67-76

Although the channel morphology of upland fluvial systems is known to be strongly controlled by sediment supply from hillslopes, it is still difficult to isolate this effect from the other controlling factors of channel forms, such as the sediment transport capacity (depending notably on the size of the catchment) and local conditions (e.g. confinement, riparian vegetation, valley-floor slope). The rivers in New Caledonia offer an interesting field laboratory to isolate the morphological effect of contrasted sediment supply conditions. Some of these rivers are known to be highly impacted by the coarse sediment waves induced by the mining of nickel deposits that started in the early 1870s, which was particularly intensive between the 1940s and 1970s. The propagation of the sediment pulses from the mining sites can be traced by the presence of wide and aggraded active channels along the stream network of nickel-rich peridotite massifs. A first set of 63 undisturbed catchments in peridotite massifs distributed across the Grande Terre was used to fit a classic scaling law between active channel width and drainage area. A second set of 86 impacted sites, where the presence of sediment waves was clearly attested by recent aerial imagery, showed systematically wider active channels, with a width ratio around 5 (established from the intercept ratio of width–area power laws). More importantly, this second set of disturbed sites confirmed that the residual of active channel widths, computed from the scaling law of undisturbed sites, is statistically positively related to the catchment-scale relative area of major mining sediment sources. It is therefore confirmed that the characterization of sediment supply conditions is crucial for the understanding of spatial patterns of active channel width, and this should be more thoroughly considered in morphological studies of rivers draining environments with contrasted geomorphic activities on hillslopes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

太行山南端浅层速度结构成像和隐伏断裂探测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐增波  刘保金  姬计法  鄷少英  袁洪克  谭雅丽  王宏伟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):88-92

利用太行山南端的深地震反射剖面数据，运用初至波层析成像方法反演得到该区域的浅层P波速度结构和基底面展布形态，发现剖面浅部的P波速度变化与沉积盖层厚度和断裂分布有着较好的对应关系。利用跨断裂完成的浅层地震反射剖面，对区域内2条第四纪隐伏活动断裂进行高分辨率成像。结果表明，汤西断裂为东倾的正断层，控制汤阴地堑的西边界，活动年代为中更新世；汤东断裂为西倾的正断层，是汤阴地堑的主控边界断裂，活动年代为晚更新世。  相似文献   

茅山竹矿断层气定点观测场地勘选     

戴波  吴晓峰  张敏  孟科 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1202-1206

拟在茅山断裂带沿线布设若干个断层气连续观测点，建组断层气观测网。以茅山竹矿地区为例，通过断层气测量的初步结果，结合地质、人工地震、跨断层短水准等多种手段联合分析研究区断层的活动性，从而确定断层气定点观测的点位，为组建断层气观测网的选点提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

基于超像元词包特征和主动学习的高分遥感影像变化检测     

杨进一  徐伟铭  王成军  翁谦 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(10):1594-1607

为解决高分辨率遥感影像变化检测中存在底层特征缺乏语义信息、像元级的检测结果存在“椒盐”现象以及监督分类中样本标注自动化程度较低,本文提出一种基于超像元词包特征和主动学习的变化检测方法。首先采用熵率分割算法获取叠加影像的超像元对象;其次提取两期影像像元点对间的邻近相关影像特征（相关度、斜率和截距）和顾及邻域的纹理变化强度特征（均值、方差、同质性和相异性）,经线性组合作为像元点对的底层特征;然后基于像元点对底层特征利用BOW模型构建超像元词包特征,并采用一种改进标注策略的主动学习方法从无标记样本池中优选信息量较大的样本,且自动标注样本类别;最后训练分类器模型完成变化检测。通过选用2组不同地区的GF-2影像和Worldview-Ⅱ影像作为数据源进行实验,实验结果中2组数据集的F1分数分别为0.8714、0.8554,正确率分别为0.9148、0.9022,漏检率分别为0.1681、0.1868,误检率分别为0.0852、0.0978。结果表明,该法能有效识别变化区域、提高变化检测精度。此外,传统主动学习方法与改进标注策略的主动学习方法的学习曲线对比显示,改进的标注策略可在较低精度损失下,有效提高样本标注自动化程度。  相似文献   

塔里木西缘明尧勒背斜的弯滑褶皱作用与活动弯滑断层陡坎   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨晓东  陈杰  李涛  李文巧  刘浪涛  杨会丽 《地震地质》2014,36(1):14-27

塔里木西缘明尧勒活动背斜两翼河流阶地面上多处发育活动弯滑断层陡坎。这些断坎主要分布在活动轴面附近较陡的等斜岩层(地层倾角分别为74°~89°、18°~20°和45°~60°)一翼,往往成排发育在距活动轴面50~1 200m范围内,宽90~1 000m,长40~950m,随着离活动轴面的距离加大弯滑断层陡坎规模渐小。同一阶地面上发育的弯滑断层陡坎几乎以等间距或间距倍数关系产出。这些断坎走向与下伏基岩地层走向一致,基岩地层大多为中-厚层块状砂岩或粉砂岩互层,岩层间力学性质差异较小。明尧勒背斜南翼克孜勒苏河北岸T3阶地面废弃以来,单条弯滑断层的地表最大缩短速率为0.31mm/a,地表最大抬升速率为0.34mm/a。这些弯滑断层的活动具有重复性和新生性。  相似文献   

南水北调总干渠中线工程豫北段基础稳定性的InSAR时序分析          下载免费PDF全文

马超  屈春燕  孟秀军 《地震地质》2014,36(3)

南水北调总干渠中线工程豫北段受矿区开采沉陷、区域地质构造活动及城市地下水开采沉降等多种威胁,区域地质结构稳定性较差。为了评估干渠沿线基础稳定性,为引水工程提供安全评价保障,以南水北调中线豫北段为例,利用2009年全年共9期ENVISAT ASAR雷达数据,采用二通加外部DEM的D-InSAR数据处理算法和"相位累积式"干涉测量甄别大气影响,采用"相邻重访周期式"干涉测量减小时间退相干影响,获得了沿线126km渠段、33个监测点在2009年8个时间段的时序差分形变相位图像;提取了不同时期采矿、地下水开采造成的地面沉降区及沉降幅度信息;评价了区域活动构造及稳定性。研究表明:研究渠段全线有不均匀下沉,350d累积最小下沉量为-33mm,最大下沉量为-73mm。年下沉速率0.34~0.76m/a,年平均下沉速率0.53m/a。监测点下沉总体符合指数分布,平均相关系数R2=0.741 8。根据监测点下沉拟合曲线预测,调水干渠多数段落基础下沉趋稳;南水北调中线工程豫北段受多种因素叠加影响,总体基础稳定性较差,地质构造活动、城市地表沉降为主要影响因素,基础施工为次要影响,矿区开采沉陷对基础失稳未见直接相关性。  相似文献   

云南地区中小震分布的活动构造意义     

杨润海  王彬  庞卫东  郑定昌 《地震研究》2014,37(4)

利用2000年1月至2010年11年间云南地震台网有定位结果的19 737个中小地震和从公元前20年至2009年11月共567次破坏地震震中,探讨云南地区地震空间分布与构造活动的关系,结果表明:地震震中密集分布地带是现今活动构造主要位置,地震震中的空间分布具有明显的活动构造意义。  相似文献   

结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像自动化分类     

张金盈  姚光虎  林琳  郭怀轩 《测绘通报》2019,(2):103-107

高分卫星遥感影像空间分辨率的提高，使得地物的光谱和纹理变得更加丰富和复杂，这给遥感影像的自动化分类带来严重挑战。因此，本文提出了一种结合主动学习和词袋模型的高分二号遥感影像分类方法。首先，对研究区域进行多尺度分割，建立影像分割对象集；然后，采用词袋模型构建影像对象的语义特征向量；最后，充分考虑位于分类边界的不确定性样本分布，迭代选择最优样本用于训练支持向量机，用于分类遥感影像。为了验证本文方法的有效性和稳健性，以山东省某市的高分二号遥感影像为试验数据进行了试验分析。结果表明，本文提出的方法可以有效地将研究区域分为水体、地面、植被和建筑物四类，正确率达到90.6%以上。  相似文献   

Identification of modal parameters of a 600-m-high skyscraper from field vibration tests     

Junwei Zhang  Qiusheng Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(15):1678-1698

Accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of a high-rise building subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind excitations requires the information of its structural dynamic properties such as modal parameters including natural frequencies and damping ratios. This paper presents the identification results of the modal parameters based on field vibration tests on a 600-m high skyscraper. A set of tests, including ambient vibration test (AVT) and free vibration test (FVT), were conducted on the skyscraper to identify its modal parameters. Firstly, this paper presents and discusses the modal parameters of the skyscraper assessed by several identification methods applied to the AVT measurements. These methods include the wavelet transform (WT) method, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method, and the random decrement technique (RDT). Secondly, an active mass damper (AMD) system with total mass 1000 tons equipped into the skyscraper was used to excite the building for estimation of the modal parameters by FVT. Thirdly, this paper presents observations on the structural dynamic behavior of the skyscraper with the operation of the AMD system during a typhoon event. The field measurement results show that the AMD system functioned efficiently for suppression of the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper during the typhoon. This paper aims to further understand the structural dynamic properties of super-tall buildings and provide useful information for structural design and vibration control of future skyscrapers.  相似文献