排序方式： 共有27条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Melanie Gammon Andrew Turner Murray T. Brown 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):447-452
The short-term (5 day) accumulation of Cu and Zn in different tissues of the marine gastropod, Littorina littorea, has been studied in the presence of 10 mg l−1 of antifouling paint particles and pre- or simultaneously contaminated algal food (Ulva lactuca). Accumulation of Cu was observed in the head–foot, digestive gland–gonad complex and gills to extents dependent on how and when food was contaminated and administered. However, retention of Zn was only observed in the gills and only when L. littorea and U. lactuca were simultaneously exposed to paint particles. Relative to the alga, faecal material was highly enriched in Zn, suggesting that the animal is able to rapidly eliminate this metal, most likely through the formation and egestion of insoluble phosphate granules. Thus, L. littorea is a useful biomonitor of marine contamination by antifouling applications in respect of Cu but not Zn. 相似文献
2.
海洋污损生物防除的现状及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合论述了污损海洋生物防除的方法与技术,并结合海洋生物学和附着机理研究及生物技术在污损生物防除中应用的最新进展,从经济实用、操作简便、高效环保等方面,探讨了海洋污损生物防治技术与对策及应用发展前景。 相似文献
3.
南海污损生物研究的现状及展望 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
污损生物的研究包括生态学、附着机理和防除研究3个方面，其中生态学是基础，附着机理是核心，而防除研究则是解决生物污损问题的终极目标。回顾了中国南海多年来污损生物研究的发展历程，论述了该海区污损生物的主要生态特点，并从生态学角度、生物附着机理和防除手段的研究开发等方面探讨了下一阶段的研究重点和发展方向。 相似文献
4.
开发绿色环保防污剂是海洋船舶防污涂料研究的重要方向,查明防污活性化合物分子结构中的防污活性基团,是设计开发新型防污剂的关键。本文合成了三种结构相似的苯酰胺类化合物HNOB、DOLPA和DHNOB,通过FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR测试表征三种化合物的分子结构,利用典型污损生物硅藻和贻贝作为目标生物,测试其对硅藻和贻贝附着的影响,并将分子结构与防污活性进行对比,初步探讨影响防污性能的活性基团。硅藻和贻贝附着实验均表明,HNOB的防污性能较好,半数抑制浓度远低于DOLPA和DHNOB。通过结构对比分析发现,极性和非极性结构的协同作用比单一的极性基团或非极性长碳链基团能更好地赋予苯酰胺类物质良好的防污性能。该研究初步探讨了苯酰胺类化合物的构效关系,有助于新型防污活性化合物的设计开发和结构优化,并对探究该类化合物防除污损生物附着的机理和快速筛选有潜力的防污化合物具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
荆泉水源地是滕州市城区的重要供水水源地,近年来随着国民经济的发展,水源地及其上游补给区人类活动的增多,其地下水质有逐渐变差的趋势,查明水源地水文地质条件、评价其防污性能,对开展水源地地下水环境保护、保障滕州市城区供水安全具有重要的意义。本文在充分分析水源地及其所在的水文地质单元——滕县东部丘陵谷地水文地质条件的基础上,分析了水源地水文地质条件的多年变化特征,采用COP法对荆泉水源地进行了防污性能评价并进行了防污性能分区,为水源地地下水的保护和动态监测提供依据。地下水防污性能高的区域位于水文地质单元北部岩浆岩变质岩山区,防污性能中等地区主要分布于水文地质单元的南部山区冲洪积平原,防污性能低区位于水文地质单元的东南部碳酸盐岩山区及其山麓一带。 相似文献
6.
本文研究探索了一种快速简单易行的海洋防污剂室内评价筛选方法。将待测防污剂均匀分散于凝胶溶液中,然后均匀涂布到一定面积的玻璃板上,固化得到含防污剂凝胶测试板,将其置于接种有三种分离自舟山以东海域的优势海洋菌种(编号为Y-16,W-1和F-6)的人工加富海水中,连续培养24h后显微镜下可发现凝胶板表面上细菌菌落,将凝胶板表面细菌淋洗、定容,测定其光密度(optical density,OD)值,计算平均抑菌率,得到吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)为38.87%,吡啶硫酮铜(CPT)为41.24%,三甲基氧化锡(TBTO)为65.19%,N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺(DCDMA)为30.88%,敌草隆(Diuron)仅为15.29%,抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。实验结果表明5种受试防污剂的抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。采用绘制OD-t生长曲线法,分别得到5种防污剂对3种海洋细菌的最小抑制浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),TBTO对三种菌的MIC均为0.5×10–3mg/mL;CPT对W-1和F-6的MIC为0.97×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为1.93×10–3mg/mL;ZPT对W-1和Y-16的MIC为1.91×10–3mg/mL,对F-6的MIC为0.96×10–3mg/mL;DCDMA对W-1和F-6的MIC为8.46×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为×10–342.29mg/mL。其中,Diuron对细菌的生长几乎没有抑制作用。其抑菌性与室内短期挂板结果具有一致性,表明经OD-t生长曲线得到的MIC可作为溶剂可溶型防污剂评价的辅助方法。另外,将本文中室内短期挂板方法应用于不同粒径的氧化亚铜的防污评价,也取得了与文献一致的结果。 相似文献
7.
INTRODUCTIONBiologicalfoulingonthehullsofshipsandothersubmergedmarinestructurescausesgreatha~s.Inadditiontodecreasingship'sspeed,andincreasingitsfuelconsumption,biologicalfoulingalsoincreasestheweightofnavigationalbuoys,interfereswithoperatingequipmentandsounddevices,clogsseawaterpipingsystems,adverselyaffectsheat-exchangerperformance,andpromotescorrosionofmetalsurface(HuangandCat,1984).UPtothepresent,antifoulingpaintshaveachievedtheireffectivenessbyreleasingattheirsurfacebiocides,allcom… 相似文献
8.
昆明大板桥岩溶地下水系统污染边界及其防污性能研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大板桥岩溶地下水系统是滇东断陷盆地区较典型的裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统,文章中定义了岩溶地下水系统污染边界,进行了大板桥岩溶地下水系统分级,即大板桥裸露—覆盖型岩溶水一级系统及横山—龙泉寺裸露型子系统和大板桥—阿地村覆盖型子系统两个二级子系统,确定了大板桥岩溶地下水系统侧向边界、裸露区顶界、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的边界及覆盖区顶界四种裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统污染边界,并对边界防污性能进行了研究,认为裸露区顶界防污性能弱、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的侧向边界防污性能较弱,覆盖区顶界防污性能强。 相似文献
9.
The e?ect of the bacterial strain CI4 on the germination of spores from the green alga Ulva pertusa
was assayed and it was found that the bacterial bioˉlm and cell-free supernatant strongly inhibited
spore germination. In attempts to deˉne the chemical nature of the antifouling substance in the
supernatant of CI4, the culture supernatants were tested for activity after heat treatment, enzy-
matic treatments, size fractionation, and separation into aqueous and organic fractions. Results
suggest that this bacterium produces an extracellular component with speciˉc activity toward algal
spores that was heat-sensitive and between 3 and 10 kDa in molecular size. The exposure of the
organic phase fraction to spores showed inhibitive e?ect on spore germination. Pronase and car-
boxypeptidase y did not signiˉcantly a?ect the activity of inhibitory component, suggesting that the
component was not a protein or a peptide. The bacterium CI4 was identiˉed as Pseudoalteromonas
haloplanktis based on the phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA gene analysis. 相似文献
10.
Ann-Kristin Eriksson Wiklund Sandra VilhelmssonStig Johan Wiklund Britta Eklund 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The invasive polychaete genus, Marenzelleria and the native amphipod, Monoporeia affinis are food and habitat competitors in the Baltic Sea. Previous studies have shown that moderate densities of Marenzelleria can affect the behaviour of M. affinis. To examine the short-term interactive effects of interspecific habitat choice and environmental contaminants a series of habitat colonisation experiments were performed. The contaminants examined included harbor sediments and sediment spiked with the antifouling substances, Cu, Zn and Irgarol. Polychaetes and amphipods were exposed to contaminants in single-species and two-species experiments. In spiked-sediment experiments, M. affinis showed clear dose-dependent response. These experiments verified that behavioural response of M. affinis to different habitats is a sensitive method for testing toxicity under controlled conditions. In experiments with three different harbor sediments and reference sediment both species showed the lowest preference for the reference sediment. This sediment also had the lowest content of quality food, indicating that factors such as food quality and quantity may override the disturbing effects of contaminants in natural sediments. The presence of Marenzelleria spp. did not affect amphipod habitat choice, indicating no short-term effects, which implies that both species can co-exist provided sufficient food is available. 相似文献