南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*     

许佳锐  陈毅凤  王宝云 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(6):63-73

国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。  相似文献   

Paleoflood events recorded by speleothems in caves          下载免费PDF全文

Fernando Gázquez  José María Calaforra  Paolo Forti  Heather Stoll  Bassam Ghaleb  Antonio Delgado‐Huertas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(10):1345-1353

Speleothems are usually composed of thin layers of calcite (or aragonite). However, cemented detrital materials interlayered between laminae of speleothemic carbonate have been also observed in many caves. Flowstones comprising discontinuous carbonate layers form due to flowing water films, while flood events introduce fluviokarstic sediments in caves that, on occasion, are recorded as clayey layers inside flowstones and stalagmites. This record provides a potential means of understanding the frequency of palaeofloods using cave records. In this work, we investigate the origin of this type of detrital deposit in El Soplao Cave (Northern Spain). The age of the lowest aragonite layer of a flowstone reveals that the earliest flood period occurred before 500 ka, though most of the flowstone formed between 422 +69/‐43 ka and 400 +66/‐42 ka. This suggests that the cave was periodically affected by palaeoflood events that introduced detrital sediments from the surface as a result of occasional extreme rainfall events, especially at around 400 ka. The mineralogical data enable an evolutionary model for this flowstone to be generated based on the alternation of flood events with laminar flows and carbonate layers precipitation that can be extrapolated to other caves in which detrital sediments inside speleothems have been found. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许红  赵新伟  Gregor P. Eberli  LIU Xinyu  朱玉瑞  蔡瑛  LUO Wei  闫桂京  张柏林  魏凯  施剑 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):62-73

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.  相似文献   

红海及亚丁湾间之海水交换     

陈镇东  吴朝荣 《热带海洋学报》1993,(4)

分析表观耗氧量、滴定碱度及总二氧化碳量等资料来研判红海及亚丁湾间之海水交换。结果显示,红海深层水的方解石及霰石饱和度均比亚丁湾和阿拉伯海深层水的饱和度高。红海全水柱之方解石和霰石都处於过饱和状态,亚丁湾和阿拉伯海中各深度之方解石亦呈过饱和状态,但霰石的饱和探度则大约在500m左右。分析深层水之生物体无机碳与有机碳的分解比值,可以发现此地区深层水中,大约有25％的总二氧化碳增加量是由无机碳酸钙溶解而来。  相似文献   

生物成因与无机成因文石的FTIR光谱区别   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张刚生  李浩璇 《矿物岩石》2006,26(1):1-4

对16种贝壳交叉页片层中生物成因文石的FT IR谱进行测量,并与无机成因文石进行对比和统计分析后,首次发现生物成因与无机成因文石的FT IR光谱有明显可区分的特征,生物成因文石2ν带(面外弯曲振动)频率平均值为863.4 cm-1,而无机成因文石该带的平均值为855.5 cm-1,两者频率位移达7.9 cm-1。因此文石的2ν带可作为指纹带鉴别生物和无机成因文石。  相似文献   

中国南方发现大型文石笋   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

林玉石  黄新耀  张美良  覃家铭  姜光辉  朱晓燕  杨琰  向官生  黄智勇 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):236-241

中国南方大量石笋剖面研究表明,石笋矿物组成有方解石、文石、方解石-文石三种类型。石笋沉积纹(微)层结构构造特征大同小异,但是文石石笋的放射状纹(微)层构造更显著。文石石笋沉积生长的气候环境是滴水多而稳定,水温低、气温略高的冷、湿的洞穴气候条件。文石转变为方解石常保留文石的针状、柱状晶形,并存在于石笋沉积生长的始终。文石结构构造转化在常温或低温、常压或低压下自调整作用的成晶成岩环境进行,其强度取决于所在洞穴气候环境、滴水在石笋的渗流和石笋的含水度。转化作用不影响同位素分馏,石笋同时全面记录古气候环境信息。研究文石石笋对重建古气候环境、成岩成矿作用都有重要理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

优质淡水珍珠的体色及其与拉曼光谱的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦作路  马红艳  木士春  童张法 《矿物学报》2007,27(1):73-76

对不同颜色的优质淡水养殖珍珠进行激光拉曼光谱的研究,并试图从中找出珍珠颜色与其中的有机物以及和拉曼光谱的关系。结果发现,和纯白色系列优质珠相比,粉红色系列优质珠多了1134和1526 cm-1两个峰;紫色系列优质珠中的1017,1295,2231,2609 cm-1在纯白色珍珠和粉红色系列中均未曾出现;在有色珍珠中探测到某有机物的拉曼峰:由C—C伸缩振动引起的1121,1134 cm-1及C=C伸缩振动引起的1503,1526 cm-1,推测此有机物为聚乙炔类物质,不同于以前的研究者所认为的类胡萝卜素。不同色系的珍珠,其拉曼光谱有着明显的区别;随着同色系颜色的加深,有机物拉曼谱峰的强度也越来越强。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in stable oxygen and carbon isotope values recovered from modern lacustrine freshwater mollusks: paleoclimatological implications for sub-weekly temperature records     

Christopher M. Wurster  William P. Patterson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(2):205-218

A fingernail clam (Sphaerium simile, Sphaeriidae) from Science Lake, a small watershed located in Allegany State Park, New York, USA and a zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissenidae) from Keuka Lake, New York, the third largest Finger Lake of central New York, were selected to evaluate the applicability of using ¹⁸O_(CaCO3) and ¹³O_(CaCO3) values for sub-weekly climate records. Seasonal variation in ¹⁸O_(CaCO3) values was compared with predicted equilibrium values to test the hypothesis that lacustrine molluscs produce shell aragonite according to environmental variables. For the purpose of comparison, aragonite temperature-fractionation equations determined by Grossman& Ku (1986) and Patterson et al. (1993) were used. Sphaerium simile appears to produce ¹⁸O_(CaCO3) values predicted by Patterson et al. (1993), while Dreissena polymorpha produces ¹⁸O_(CaCO3) values in agreement with Grossman & Ku (1986). We attribute the difference to family-specific temperature-fractionation relationships. Because both types of mollusc record climate variables with a high degree of integrity, they should each serve as excellent paleoclimate proxies.The fingernail clam collected from a small watershed exhibits higher variation about the seasonal pattern than did the zebra mussel collected from a large watershed. This is attributed to the increased sensitivity of the small watershed to storm perturbation. Analysis of fossil molluscs from such watersheds might be useful in discerning paleo-storminess.  相似文献   

淡水珍珠中文石球粒的发现与成珠机制探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张妮  郭继春  张学云  李加贵 《矿物学报》2005,25(3):307-311

长期以来，珍珠的成因理论很少涉及在超显微镜结构研究基础上的具体的珍珠形成机制。珍珠与贝壳珍珠层具有较多的相似性，但也存在很多不同。本文在对AFM下首次观察到的淡水珍珠表面纳米级的六方最紧密堆积文石球粒的研究基础上，结合XRD分析对珍珠内部矿物成分差异的研究，试图在贝壳珍珠层成因理论的基础上探讨淡水珍珠的成珠机制。本文将珍珠的形成过程初步归纳为碳酸钙凝胶的形成，碳酸钙球粒的形成，矿物相的转变和后继生长四个阶段。  相似文献   

Aragonite from Mulanshan Glaucophane Schist: Implications for Regional Evolution of Southwestern Dabie Mountains, Central China     

Zhao Wenyu Center of Material Research  Analysis  Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan Liu Rong Wang QinyanFaculty of Earth Sciences  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan Peng Changqi Zhang QingjieCenter of Material Research  Anal 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)

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