Coastal ridge constructive processes at a multi-decadal scale in Barreta Island (southern Portugal)     

Xabier Herrero  Susana Costas  Katerina Kombiadou 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(2):411-423

Multiple ridges across prograding coasts may display variable geometries, commonly expressed through varying elevations. Changes in ridge elevation have been traditionally related to the occurrence of fluctuating progradation rates, which might, in turn, be driven by shifting environmental conditions. Here, we explore the geometry and growth mechanisms of multiple ridges, generated at Barreta Island (Ria Formosa, southern Portugal), as a consequence of the rapid progradation of the island over the last 70 years, following the artificial fixation of the downdrift Faro-Olhão inlet with jetties in 1955. The variability in the morphology of these features was analysed in combination with available wind and wave data, in order to better distinguish growth mechanisms and understand the main parameters determining the final geometry of the observed ridges. The results suggest that (1) most of the identified ridges fall in the beach ridge classification, as they have been mostly built by marine processes, and (2) the parameters derived from, or closely related to wave climate variability (e.g. progradation rates, storm occurrence) can jointly explain most of the observed morphological changes, while aeolian processes played a secondary role. Indeed, ridge geometry appears mainly controlled by progradation rates, with higher ridges associated with lower progradation rates. Progradation rate, in turn, is mostly related to longshore wave power, storminess, and the occurrence storm groups. Yet, the final configuration of ridges can also be affected by runup levels and onshore winds. Therefore, establishing the relation between ridge geometry and wave climate is not a straightforward task, because of the complex processes and interactions that control coastal morphodynamics. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于PCA-TOPSIS的重庆市县域经济密度综合测度及时空演变          下载免费PDF全文

张彬  谢贤健  杨联安  郭金铭 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):546-556

经济密度是衡量区域经济发展水平和聚集程度的重要指标之一。以重庆市38个县（区）所辖范围为研究区，建立了人均和地均相结合的综合测度指标体系，采用主成分分析确定指标权重，将PCA TOPSIS评价法运用到经济密度综合测度中，依据测度对象与最优值的相对接近程度，综合测度1997年、2001年、2006年和2013年重庆市县域经济密度，获得各个时间断面经济密度综合指数及其排名。通过利用ArcGIS制图功能绘制重庆市经济密度等级分布图，揭示其空间分异演变规律，利用Moran’s I，LISA和热点分析分别探索了县域经济密度的全局和局部空间自相关及其时空演变规律，并讨论影响经济密度高低的主要因素。通过对县域经济密度的综合测度及时空演变的探究，为实现城市科学定位和制定中长期发展战略提供科学依据。  相似文献   

“一带一路”沿线国家石油资源流动类型演变     

孙琪  赵媛  张新林  夏四友 《世界地理研究》2020,29(2):337-345

综合运用石油自给率、流动比率等方法，以“一带一路”沿线国家为研究对象，对1995—2014年各国石油资源流动类型时空演变进行研究。结果表明：1）1995—2014年石油净补给型国家数量较为稳定，无产型或低产型国家的石油贸易倾向变化相对较小；基本自给型国家数量占比最大，1995年占比1/2，其余四个年份占比稳定在1/3；净支出型国家数量显著增加，至2014年其中有5个国家保持不变，表明这些国家的石油产量具有较大的优势。2）1995年和2014年汇地国家均为39个国家，其中有34个国家一直保持汇地职能，空间分布上呈东多西少，南多北少，东西分化以西亚、中亚、东欧为界；有14个国家一直保持源地职能，其空间分布格局与汇地相应，西多东少，南多北少，主要分布于西亚、东欧及中亚；交流地数量较少，呈分散分布，且分布地不稳定。3）从数量变化来看，研究期内汇地略有增加，源地略有减少，交流地略有增加；“一带一路”源地总出口量与汇地总进口量的比呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

角闪石成分对东天山铜镍矿床岩浆过程的指示意义     

方林茹  唐冬梅  秦克章  牛艳杰  毛亚晶  康珍 《岩石学报》2019,35(7):2061-2085

图拉尔根、香山和天宇、白石泉岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分别位于新疆东天山的觉罗塔格构造带和中天山地块,角闪石在这些矿床中均以贯通矿物产出。本研究通过这些矿床角闪石的主量和微量元素含量,讨论两个构造单元成矿岩浆的性质和演化过程。四个矿床的角闪石种属主要为韭闪石、镁绿钙闪石、浅闪石、钛闪石、钙镁闪石和镁闪石,结晶温度区间为940～1080℃,压力区间为250～450MPa,相当于11～15km的深度。图拉尔根和香山矿床的角闪石结晶温度和压力均相对较低(平均分别为1027℃、318MPa和1013℃、313MPa),可能与其所处的觉罗塔格构造带断裂发育,成矿母岩浆易于侵位到较浅处结晶有关。四个矿床角闪石结晶时岩浆的含水量均较高(4%左右),可能是俯冲交代作用导致的地幔源区本身水含量较高以及角闪石结晶较晚共同作用的结果。相较于觉罗塔格构造带的图拉尔根和香山矿床(0 ΔNNO 1. 7),角闪石氧逸度计指示中天山地块天宇和白石泉矿床的氧逸度变化范围大且偏低(分别是-0. 6 ΔNNO 1. 7和-0. 4 ΔNNO 1. 8)。中天山铜镍矿床的氧逸度特征及相对觉罗塔格构造带较低的微量元素Ce/Pb比值指示其岩浆侵位过程中受到的古老地块的混染作用较强。以上研究表明角闪石虽是玄武质岩浆中较晚结晶的矿物,但能为示踪铜镍矿床岩浆演化提供重要线索。  相似文献   

高分辨率反射波地震勘探在城市隐伏断裂探测中的应用——以成都天府新区苏码头断裂为例     

刘远志  刘胜  李大虎  夏友钢  李颖  周德帅 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(9):910-915

采用“三小三高二绝招”的工作方法，通过静校正、多域多方法联合噪音衰减和精细的速度分析获得较高分辨率的地震时间剖面，揭示苏码头断裂的展布位置、构造形态及变形样式等。结果表明，区域构造以冲起式为主，在反冲断层与逆冲断层之间形成冲起构造或逆冲三角构造，在地震剖面上有明显的楔状特征。通过地震测线的断层走向以NE为主，倾向以SE为主，部分断层倾向为NW。  相似文献   

辽河盆地西部凹陷古近系沙四上亚段沉积相及演化     

王夏斌  姜在兴  胡光义  范廷恩  王俊辉  卢欢 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1222-1234

薄互层砂体研究是湖盆沉积学的研究难点。本文针对辽河西部凹陷沙四上亚段（Es^4上）薄互层砂体，以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学等理论为指导，综合岩心、测录井和地震等多种资料，对西部凹陷的薄互层砂体进行精细描述和深入剖析。结果表明，研究区主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积相，其中，滩坝砂体是湖泊相的主力砂体。通过考虑不同沉积背景下滩坝在岩相组合、发育位置和成因机理的差异性，将滩坝划分成侧缘改造型滩坝、前缘改造型滩坝、基岩改造型滩坝、淹没改造型滩坝和风暴改造型滩坝5种沉积模式；对薄层滩坝砂体的控制因素进行分析，认为其受到"风场-物源-盆地"三端元的控制。  相似文献   

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

海域金矿找矿方法研究——以山东省莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿为例     

田振环 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):19-28

莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿区是世界上第一个查明的海域岩金矿。它通过追索延伸至海域的三山岛断裂，圈定破金找矿靶区。利用海域高精度磁测和浅地层剖面测量配合海上钻探，找到了海域大型金矿。以三山岛海域金矿普查为依托，研究出来的这套海域金矿找矿方法和海上钻探平台，可为今后开展海域金及其它与断裂有关的矿产资源找矿，提供指导和借鉴。  相似文献   

The evolution of the spatial-temporal patterns of global energy security since the 1990s     

Wang  Qiang  Xu  Linglin  Li  Na  Du  Xue  Wu  Shidai  Tian  Lanlan  Wu  Chenlu 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(8):1245-1260

Journal of Geographical Sciences - In this study, we developed an energy security evaluation model (ESEM) from three dimensions, energy supply-transport security, safety of energy utilization, and...  相似文献   

A finite element approach for predicting the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper presents a finite element approach to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetrating in dense sand overlying clay, in which a potential for an installing spudcan to experience a sudden uncontrolled punch-through failure exists. A modified Mohr-Coulomb model characterized by incorporating a four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters with an equivalent accumulated plastic strain is developed and tested for the overlying dense silica sand. An extended Tresca model is used for the strain softening of the underlying clay. A series of large deformation finite-element (LDFE) analyses are carried out, varying the strength and dilation parameters as well as the spudcan geometries. A fairly good performance of the present approach is verified by validating against groups of centrifuge tests data, allowing the numerical study to be extended parametrically. The four-phase variation of the mobilized strength and dilation parameters involved in the progressive failure of the upper dense sand is parametrically studied and extended to cover the range of sand relative densities that are of practical interest. Additionally, comparisons with the typical existing LDFE analyses using both simple and sophisticated constitutive models are carried out. It shows that the present approach performs fairly well to calculate the full resistance profile of a spudcan deeply penetration in both thin and thick dense sand overlying clay, especially the peak and post-peak resistance, within around 5% of the corresponding centrifuge tests results.  相似文献