近海环境地球化学调查研究历史与现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶思源  周永青  刘兆茂  刘建霞 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(4):121-126

近海环境地球化学的研究是一支新兴的发展中的边缘性分支学科，由于环境问题的日益突出，该学科发展较为迅速。通过回顾我国近海环境地球化学调查的历史和综述当今国外该学科的研究现状，概括了该学科的主要进展，并指出存在的问题和今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

大气中的有机氮化合物及其向海洋的沉降     

毕言锋  刘素美  张经 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(4):604-610

近几年的研究表明,有机氮化合物是大气氮沉降的重要组成部分,对全球氮循环的贡献不可忽视。介绍了大气中有机氮化合物的组成、测定方法以及存在的问题,综述了大气有机氮化合物向海洋沉降的研究现状及其对海洋生态系统的影响,并探讨了未来的研究重点。  相似文献   

Remediation and restoration of metal-contaminated sites： Concepts and appfications to mining areas     

Domy C. Adriano Hyo T. Chon Sally L. Brown Rosanna Ginocchio 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):45-46

Metals, including heavy metals and metalloids, are a common group of environmental contaminants. Their sources in the environment are geogenic or anthropogenic. The growing trend in global industrialization ensures that more metals could be dispersed even in pristine ecosystems. To fuel industrialization, more metal ore mines have to be discovered and explored. These explorations often result in landscape disturbance, soil degradation and environmental contamination by unwanted mining constituents. Mine tailings brought up to the ground surface often serve as the main source of contaminants when these pyrite-rich materials oxidize. The oxidation of mine tailings results in proton generation, coupled with the dissolution of metals and other cations Unwanted anionic constituents are also produced. The so-called ＂acid mine drainage＂ may affect the productivity of farmlands and stability of receiving streams and other bodies of water-acidifying the waters and enriching the ecosystem with metals, i.e., high total dissolved solids. The acidified overburden materials become inhospitable to plant and microbial life as they are typically low in organic matter content and infertile. This exposes the landscape to runoff and erosion.  相似文献   

Influence of humic acid on bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments     

Wenhong FAN Jun CHEN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):261-261

The mimetic ocean environment and chemical method were used to research the bioavailability effect of humic acid on five heavy metals in sediment, including Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni. The sediment was separated into four containers with artificial seawater, and each of them had different concentrations of humic acid. The values of concentrations covered the whole range found in natural sediment （0.1%-10%）. According to the 48 hours LC50 of clam and distribution coefficient, metals were added in artificial seawater, and their speciation was determined at first and then after two days＇ incubation. It was found the bioavailability of heavy metals was reduced in the presence of humic acid. The obvious negative effect on Zn was observed, but the influence on Cd was not remarkable. In addition, the contents of Pb and Ni increased obviously in organic phase, and they are correlative with the concentrations of humic acid.  相似文献   

Contamination,bioaccessibility and human health risk of heavy metals in exposed-lawn soils from 28 urban parks in southern China's largest city,Guangzhou     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The total concentrations and oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in surface-exposed lawn soils from 28 urban parks in Guangzhou were investigated, and the health risks posed to humans were evaluated. The descending order of total heavy metal concentrations was Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd, but Cd showed the highest percentage bioaccessibility (75.96%). Principal component analysis showed that Grouped Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, and grouped Cr and Mn could be controlled two different types of human sources. Whereas, Ni and Fe were controlled by both anthropogenic and natural sources. The carcinogenic risk probabilities for Pb and Cr to children and adults were under the acceptable level (<1 × 10⁻⁴). Hazard Quotient value for each metal and Hazard Index values for all metals studied indicated no significant risk of non-carcinogenic effects to children and adults in Guangzhou urban park soils.  相似文献   

椒江河口沉积物As、Hg黄铁矿矿化程度及其生物有效性          下载免费PDF全文

叶思源钟少军  丁喜桂袁红明 《地质论评》2007,53(4):499-505

本文利用取自浙江椒江河口3个未扰动柱状沉积物样,进行了孔隙水化学测试、固相沉积物的活性分量与黄铁矿分量的分级提取和测试,结果表明：Hg主要以黄铁矿态形式存在于沉积物中。As在有机碳较高的河口区潮上带和沉积速率较慢的潮下带主要以黄铁矿形态存在[DTMP（degree of trace metal pyritization,痕量元素黄铁矿矿化程度）〉50%）],而在中潮带As的黄铁矿矿化程度略低（DTMP均值为40.99%）,研究区DOP（Fe的黄铁矿矿化程度）值普遍较低（〈35%）,Mn-DTMP低于3.32%。从而揭示了浙江椒江河口沉积物在数厘米以下,毒性痕量元素Hg和As被高度黄铁矿矿化的规律性,并指出在遇有海事活动或风暴潮事件对海底沉积物进行扰动时,河口沉积物与充氧的海水反应,高度黄铁矿矿化的痕量元素会转变成活性态,从而导致近海生态系统的毒性事件。  相似文献   

基于镉污染风险的湖南省龙山县百合种植区安全区划     

许青阳  戴亮亮  肖凯琦  彭志刚  巩浩 《地质论评》2023,69(2):2023020010-2023020010

湖南省龙山县作为我国重要的百合生产基地县之一,其土壤却存在一定程度的镉（Cd）污染风险。同时,百合作为一种食药同源的植物,其食用和药用的质量安全标准不一致。因此,在龙山县提出百合种植区安全区划具有重要意义。笔者等在龙山县耕地采集326件表层土壤样品和70件百合样品（配套根系土样）,在分析土壤及百合中Cd的含量和土壤中氧化物、有机质、pH等指标的基础上,探讨Cd生物有效性的影响因素,并据此建立百合Cd生物富集系数预测模型,结合土地质量地球化学调查数据预测耕地的百合Cd含量,给出百合种植区安全区划及建议。结果表明,研究区土壤存在Cd污染风险,百合具有质量安全问题。研究区Cd的生物有效性受到土壤CaO、S、P、K2O含量和土壤pH的共同影响。与多元线性回归模型相比,随机森林模型能够更好地预测百合Cd生物富集系数。百合种植区安全区划显示,研究区食用百合优先种植区、药用百合优先种植区、药用百合次级种植区、结构调整种植区面积占比分别为1. 49%、92. 71%、2. 88%、2. 92%,建议大力开发药用百合农产品。该研究成果将Cd污染风险耕地的安全利用与食药同源农产品的质量安全有效衔接,完善了受污染耕地安全利用的工作方法,为推动龙山县百合产业发展提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

基于镉污染风险的湖南省龙山县百合种植区安全区划     

许青阳  戴亮亮  肖凯琦  彭志刚  巩浩 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1869-1878

湖南省龙山县作为我国重要的百合生产基地县之一,其土壤却存在一定程度的镉(Cd)污染风险。同时,百合作为一种食药同源的植物,其食用和药用的质量安全标准不一致。因此,在龙山县提出百合种植区安全区划具有重要意义。笔者等在龙山县耕地采集326件表层土壤样品和70件百合样品(配套根系土样),在分析土壤及百合中Cd的含量和土壤中氧化物、有机质、pH等指标的基础上,探讨Cd生物有效性的影响因素,并据此建立百合Cd生物富集系数预测模型,结合土地质量地球化学调查数据预测耕地的百合Cd含量,给出百合种植区安全区划及建议。结果表明,研究区土壤存在Cd污染风险,百合具有质量安全问题。研究区Cd的生物有效性受到土壤CaO、S、P、K₂O含量和土壤pH的共同影响。与多元线性回归模型相比,随机森林模型能够更好地预测百合Cd生物富集系数。百合种植区安全区划显示,研究区食用百合优先种植区、药用百合优先种植区、药用百合次级种植区、结构调整种植区面积占比分别为1.49%、92.71%、2.88%、2.92%,建议大力开发药用百合农产品。该研究成果将Cd污染风险耕地的安全利用与食药同源农产品的质量安全有...  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Metals in Sediment from the Southern Coastal Wetland of the Qiantang Estuary by Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique     

FENG Weihua  WANG Zhifu  ZHU Wenzhuo  ZHENG Fangqin  ZHANG Dongrong  XU Hengtao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):375-387

Metal pollution has become an major issue governing the wetland ecosystem health.The southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Estuary are facing unusual perturbation due to rapid development along the embayment in recent decades.This study evaluated the bioavailability of metals(Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Zn)in the sediment of the southern coastal wetland of the Qiangtang Es-tuary using diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT)techniques and compared with several methods based on total metal content.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cd and Cu in sediment,as detected using DGT,were considerably correlated with the exchangeable fraction and the content in Phragmites australis roots,while a weak correlation was observed for Zn.Therefore,DGT analysis could be used to evaluate the bioavailability and potential risk of Cr,Cd,Pb and Cu for P.australis.Quantitative indices,such as DGT concentration,bioaccumulation in P.australis,geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and potential ecological risk index(RI),revealed that Cd was a major potential ecological risk factor along the southern coast wetland of the Qiantang Estuary,especially in the upstream region,which is potentially more vulnerable to the anthropogenic pollution.  相似文献   

蔬菜植物对 I–、IO–3的吸收及其生物有效性     

翁焕新  严爱兰  洪春来  夏天虹  刘会萍 《地球化学》2012,(4):393-400

通过水培方法培育含碘芹菜,揭示了蔬菜植物对 I–、IO–3的吸收特征,并在烹饪条件下,通过与碘盐的对比分析,研究了蔬菜植物中有机碘的生物有效性.研究结果表明,芹菜对 I–、IO–3的吸收速率随外源碘浓度的提高而增加,在不同的碘浓度下,芹菜对不同形态碘的吸收速率存在差异,这与 I–和 IO–3被吸收的方式不同有关;市售芹菜在100~160℃下爆炒90 s,添加碘盐,碘的损失率达54.80%~80.34%,含碘芹菜的碘损失率为3.00%~40.77%; 在100℃下烹煮5 min,市售芹菜加碘盐,菜和汤中的碘含量分别仅为碘添加含量的1.56%和29.03%,而含碘芹菜仍保留原始碘含量的85.26%;加醋会促使烹饪时添加的碘盐中无机碘丢失,而对含碘芹菜不产生明显影响  相似文献